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Volume 50, Issue 10
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Hajime MIYAMOTO, Yoshimasa NISHIKAWA1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 683-688
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted on the effect of rapid freezing on motility of bull spermatozoa and on the temperature range where bull speramatozoa get the ability to survive in very low temperature. Bull semen was diluted with egg yolk-sodium citrate dilutor to contain 7% (v/v) glycerol and sealed in the vinyl straw. The results obtained are as follows. 1. When semen of 4°C was plunged directly into an alcohol bath of 0--79°C or liquid nitrogen and thawed, sperm motility decreased as the temperature of a bath lowered. Considerable decrease in motility occurred when semen was plunged from 4°C into the bath of-50°C or the lower temperature range. 2. Semen was plunged from the preliminary freezing temperature into the bath of -79°C.Sperm motility was much decreased when semen was plunged from -10°C or the higher temperature range into the bath of -79°C. If semen was plunged from the preliminary freezing temperature into the bath of -79°C, bull spermatozoa got the ability to survive freezing to very low temperature between -15°C and -30°C regardless of the preliminary freezing method, slow freezing or rapid freezing. The post-thaw motility of spermatozoa did not differ between samples from the preliminary freezing at -30°C or the lower temperatures and those from freezing at -79°C. 3. Similarly, semen was frozen to -90, -100, -130 or -196°C by a two-step freezing. The relationship between the preliminary freezing temperature and sperm motility after frozen to these four low temperatures by a two-step freezing and thawed was similar to that observed in the case where semen was frozen to -79°C by a two-step freezing. But almost spermatozoa died after being frozen to these four low temperatures from -15°C or -20°C by a two-step freezing. When semen was frozen to -196°C by a two-step freezing, bull spermatozoa got the ability to survive in very low temperature during the preliminary freezing between -22°C and -25°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (516K) -
Hajime MIYAMOTO, Yoshimasa NISHIKAWA1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 689-693
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThese experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of rapid freezing on respiration of bull spermatozoa. Bull semen was diluted with egg yolk-sodium citrate dilutor or with Seminan which was a dilutor for frozen semen of bull and sealed in the vinyl straw. The final concentration of glycerol was 7% (v/v). The results were as follows. 1. When semen sealed in the vinyl straw was plunged from 4°C into the alcohol bath of various low temperatures or liquid nitrogen and thawed, the oxygen consumption of total bull spermatozoa decreased as the temperature of freezing bath lowered. Considerable decrease in the oxygen consumption of spermatozoa occurred when semen was plunged from 4°C into the bath of -40°C or the lower temperatures. 2.Semen was frozen by a two-step freezing. The oxygen consumption of bull spermatozoa was much decreased after being plunged into the bath of -79, -100 or-130°C, or into liquid nitrogen from the higher preliminary freezing temperatures than -25°C and thawed. Considerable high respiratory activity of spermatozoa was retained when semen was frozen to these four very low temperatures from -25°C or the lower temperatures by a two-step freezing. The oxygen consumption of spermatozoa did not differ apparently among samples if semen was frozen to very low temperatures from the various preliminary freezing temperatures below -25°C by a two-step freezing and thawed. 3. The decrease of the oxygen consumption of total spermatozoa by rapid freezing was related to the decrease of the proportion of motile spermatozoa after freezing and thawing. The oxygen consumption of motile spermatozoa was not decreased by rapid freezing regardless of the preliminary freezing temperatures of -25°C or Lower from which semen was plunged into the bath of very low temperatures or liquid nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
Yukio WATANABE, Nobuo GOTOH1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 694-699
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the viscoelastic properties of raw chicken breast meat by stress relaxation measurement and to find out the viscoelastic differences within breeds, within crossbreds, among breeds and crossbreds, and between sexes. Four breeds (Hinaidori, White Cornish, White Rock, and White Leghorn) and three crossbreds (Hinaidori×White Cornish, Hinaidori×White Rock, and Shamo×White Leghorn) were used. The number of chickens used was 57 in total. After slaughter, the breast meat (M. pectoralis profundus) was removed, immediately put into a polyethylene bag and frozen with dry ice. These samples were kept at -17°C at least for 24 hours. Several pieces (50mm in length, 20mm in width and 2-4mm in thickness) were taken from each chicken meat by a microtome in such a way that the long axis of each piece was parallel to the direction of muscle fibers. Then, these pieces were stamped out with a dumbell-shaped apparatus. The stress relaxation measurement of these samples was carried out with a chainomatic balance Food Rheometer. These samples were stretched 13.5mm at a speed 2.8mm/sec and were kept for 5 min in a chamber with 50±5% relative humidity at 30±1°C. Tested Parameters were Fmax (gw), τ (sec), and S/f0 (%).
The following informations were obtained. 1) Fmax value of Shamo×White Leghorn was less than any of those of other breeds and crossbreds. 2) S/f0 value of Shamo×White Leghorn was larger than that of White Leghorn. 3) Fmax and S/f0 values of Hinaidori showed a sex difference, respectively. 4) In inaidori, White Cornish, White Rock, Hinaidori×White Cornish, and Hinaidori×White Rock, Fmax value alone was larger in male than in female.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Seishiro KATO, Akira IRITANI, Yoshimasa NISHIKAWA1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 700-704
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of low levels of CO2 on the anaerobic glycolysis and motility of washed goat spermatozoa in the media under constant pH of approximately 7.0 was investigated. Results obtained are as follows. 1) Anaerobic glycolysis of spermatozoa was considerably active even in the absence of CO2 in the gas phase, and the retention of motility was quite similar to that in the presence of CO2. 2) Anaerobic glycolysis was markedly stimulated in the presence of 0.3% CO2 in the initial gas phase as compared to that in the absence of CO2. However, the stimulation of glycolysis by CO2 was not enhanced even when the initial gas level was increased from 0.3 to 1.0% or from 1.3 to 2.5%. Furthermore, the rate of glycolysis of spermatozoa incubated under the atmosphere of 3.0% CO2 was consistently, but not significantly, lower than that incubated under 1.0 and 2.0% CO2. These results suggest that the optimal level of CO2 for the maximum glycolysis of goat spermatozoa is 0.3-2.5%. 3) Anaerobic production of 14CO2 from glucose-U-14C was stimulated in the presence of 1.3-10.0% CO2. The stimulative effect of CO2 was more prominent on 14CO2 production than on glycolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
Michinari YOKOHAMA, Masao KUWAJIMA, Nobuyoshi MIURA, Masaharu INOUE, K ...1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 705-709
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, a few cases of abnormal Tf types which could not be explained by already published inheritance mode of Tf system were observed in our parentage tests. In these cases, Tf types of sire, dam and foal were BC, BB and CC, respectively, and thus, the foal was negated by its Tf type. However, her maternity to this foal was confirmed by attending at her parturition. At the same time, it was recognized that the intensities of Tf bands of dam and foal were a little weaker than those of normal bands of homozygotes. This work was carried out to isolate the purified transferrin protein fraction and to produce the corresponding specific antibody for measuring the volume of transferrin protein in the sera of these horses. The results are as the following: 1. Horse transferrin protein was divided into five fractions by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, and these fraction were purified by gel filtration using Sephadex G-200. 2. The specific anti-transferrin sera were produced by means of immunizing rabbits with each purified transferrin fraction. The titers of these antibodies were from 1:32 to 1:64. And their specificities to transferrin protein were recognized by immunoelectrophoretic method. 3. There was no difference of immunoelectrophoretic pattern among antibodies to each fraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1274K) -
Zenichi SAITO1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 710-715
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe colorimetric method based on the procedure of LINDQVIST et al. was developed and then applied for investigation on the lipolysis of raw milk. A milk sample (2.3ml) was shaken vigorously for 2 minutes with 7.5ml of the extraction liquid (heptane 100ml, isopropanol 100ml, 1N H2SO4 8ml). One milliliter of the upper layer of the mixture was transfered into a photometer cell and bubbled with CO2-free nitrogen gas for 1 minute. Color reagent (water 1ml, phenol red 5mg, Na-barbital 25mg and ethanol 200ml) was added and mixed for 30 seconds by means of the nitrogen gas. Absorbancy was measured at the wave length of 570nm. It was found that the phenol-red method was less sensitive for short-chain fatty acids than for palmitic and stearic acids and was influenced to some extent by lactic acid, due to the characteristics of the extraction liquid. The method, however, was simple and sensitive enough for a low level of free fatty acid concentration, and corresponded well with the results obtained by the silica-gel extration method. Consequently, it was suitable as one of the quality tests for fresh raw milk. The increase of free fatty acids in milk during cold storage for 24 hours varied (equivalent to 0-0.3mg palmitic acid/1ml) with the individual cow or even with the quarter of the same udder. The level of lipolysis at the initial stage of lactation tended to be lower than that of the middle and advanced stage of lactation.View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
Junko IKEGAMI, Seishiro KATO, Akira IRITANI, Yoshimasa NISHIKAWA1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 716-720
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent study was undertaken to examine the motility of bull spermatozoa under oxygen absence which was prepared by the use of culture tube and Rose chamber. 1) In the culture tube, motility of spermatozoa rapidly decreased without glucose under oxygen absence, and aeration to the environment recovered their motility to a certain degree. Motility of spermatozoa gradually decreased in the presence of glucose under oxygen absence, but aeration to the environment did not recover their motility. 2) In the Rose chamber, motility of spermatozoa greatly decreased after 10 minutes in the absence of glucose, but recovery rate of motility after aeration was 72%. Motility of spermatozoa gradually decreased in the presence of glucose, but the recovery rate of motility after aeration was only 7%.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Hiroyuki SASAKI, Sueo NIIMURA, Kazuo ISHIDA1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 721-726
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransmission and scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that the blastocysts on day 13 of gestation in the pig had two types of trophoblast cells, cuboidal and squamous. The cuboidal cells were studded with slender microvilli and were provided with some depressions on their outer surface facing the uterine cavity. Each cuboidal cell contained tubulocrista-typed mitochondria, cisternal or vesicular rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticula, Golgi complexes, free ribosomes, filaments and lipid droplets. On the other hand, the squamous cells had neither microvilli nor depressions. Each squamous cell was devoid of Golgi complex, but contained tubulocristatyped mitochondria similar to those found in the cuboidal cells. Furthermore, the squamous cells contained rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes, filaments and lipid droplets as well, though these organelles were relatively less in amount than those found in the cuboidal cells. Regardless of whether cuboidal or squamous, each trophoblast cell attached to its neighboring cells by means of a junctional complex including zonula occludens and desmosome which was located closely to the outer surface. On the lateral side close to the inner surface facing the blastocyst cavity, adjacent cells protruded their cytoplasmic processes in such a manner that they were loosely interdigitated with each other, making their intercellular spaces complicatedly enfolded. In contrast, every endoderm cell was very thin and had a wavy and wrinkling inner surface. It also contained tubulocrista-typed mitochondria, cisternal rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticula and free ribosomes, though being devoid of Golgi complex and any filament as well as of any lipid droplet.View full abstractDownload PDF (1807K) -
Kazuaki TAKAHASHI, Yukio AKIBA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 727-734
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was undertaken to investigate carcass lipid deposition in growing chicks fed different kinds of dietary fat. Forteen-day old White Leghorn male chicks were fed experimental diets supplemented with lard, hydrogenated lard and coconut oil. Fats were isocalorically substituted for glucose in basal diet. Incorporation of lauric acid and margaric acid into carcass lipid was examined as indices of dietary fatty acid utilization in chicks. Carcass lipid deposition and calculated energy retention were significantly increased by feeding of lard, though carcass protein content was not affected by dietary treatments. Incorporation of margaric acid into carcass lipid was elevated in chicks fed lard and coconut oil by three- and two-fold, respectively, as compared to that in chicks fed glucose. On the other hand it was depressed by feeding of hydrogenated lard. Incorporation of lauric acid was depressed in chicks fed hydrogenated lard, but was not affected in chicks fed lard. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between carcass lipid deposition and margaric acid incorporation. These results suggested that the increase in energy utilization might be associated with direct incorporation of dietary fatty acids into carcass lipid.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Takashi SAKATA, Hideo TAMATE1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 735-739
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to compare the postnatal development of the forestomach of the golden hamster with that of the domestic ruminants, the organ weight of the forestomach and hindstomach of golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was measured weekly from birth through weaning at 3 weeks of age. The thickness of each stratum of the forestomach epithelium and its mitotic index were measured histologically. The postnatal growth of the forestomach was nearly linear during the first 7 weeks (Y=0.044827X+0.004011, r=0.9415, Y: forestomach organ weight, X: age in weeks), and reached a plateau at 7 to 8 weeks of age, the forestomach was about half the organ weight of the hindstomach during the first 8 weeks post partum. The growth of the hindstomach was also linear during the first 7 weeks (Y = 0.082242X+0.033233, r=0.9601, Y: hindstomach organ weight, X: age in weeks). The development of both the forestomach and hindstomach is faster than that of the whole body. The relative organ weight per body weight peaked at 3 weeks for the forestomach and at 2 weeks for the hindstomach. Histologically the forestomach epithelium develops mainly during the first two weeks of life, with no further changes after weaning. Thus the anatomical and histological development of the forestomach of the hamster is quite different from that of the domestic ruminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (281K) -
Effects of Various Dialysis Fluids on the Motility and Acrosome Morphology of Sperm atozoaKimio BAMBA, Masaru SONE, Katsuhisa TAKEDA1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 740-746
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent study was conducted to determine the effects of dialysis of boar semen against various fluids on the motility and normal acrosome of spermatozoa. One part of undiluted semen in cellulose tubing was dialyzed against four parts of dialysis fluid at 15°C for 7 days.In experiment 1, effects of nineteen dialysls fluids on the storage of semen were compared with those of undiluted semen stored in the test tubes. Dialysis of semen against the majority of fluids improved the maintenance of motility and normal acrosome of spermatozoa during the storage compared to the semen stored in test tubes. In experiment 2, semen was stored by dialyzing against KG31 containing blood serum at concentrations from 0 to 100%. The percentages of motility and normal acrosome of spermatozoa were higher at 12.5-75% blood serum than at 0 and 100. The effects of KG31 containing 12.5-50% blood serum on the storage of semen were comparable to those of GB13. In experiment 3, diluted semen samples in test tubes were stored by placing the tubes horizontally or vertically. Horizontally placed samples showed higher percentages of motility and normal acrosome of spermatozoa than those of vertically placed samples. No significant difference in the percentage of motility and normal acrosome was observed between the samples stored in horzontally placed tubes and those stored by means of dialysis. The results suggested that dialysis might become effective with the removal of metabolic waste products accumulated around sperm cells and supplying nutrients to the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Koji NIWA, Magosaburo KASAI, Akira IRITANI1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 747-752
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnfertilized eggs from immature rats were examined to determine the effects of freezing on their survival and fertilizability in vitro. Of 240 and 100 eggs frozen and stored at -196°C for 6-91 and 180 days, 58 (24%) and 14 (14%) were morphologically normal upon thawing, respectively. When the normal eggs were inseminated with epididymal spermatozoa preincubated for 5-6hr, 72-93% were penetrated 5-26hr after insemination. At 5hr after insemination 67% of 42 eggs penetrated were undergoing normal fertilization. However, the proportion of eggs cleaved to the 2-cell stage was only 31% (4/13) and 62% were penetrated with abnormalities when examined 26hr after insemination.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K) -
Ei SAKAGUCHI, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1979 Volume 50 Issue 10 Pages 753-755
Published: October 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (235K)
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