Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 51, Issue 11
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Mitsuharu ISHIDA, Kyozo SUYAMA, Susumu ADACHI
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 749-753
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) administration to laying hens on the shell thickness, shell weight, egg weight, shell index and the concentration of calcium ion in serum were investigated. One gram of DEHP per kg body weight was intubated to Babcock hens by silicon tube every day (Group A), and the DEHP-containing feed (0. 5-1.0g/100g feed) was given to Iwaya hens (Group B) and Babcock hens (Group C) ad libitum. In Group B, the decrease in the value of egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness and shell index was statiscally significant for the first 16 days of DEHP adminstration, but was not observed from the 17th day and on. In Groups A and C, many soft-shelled eggs resulted from the DEHP administration. The concentration of calcium ion in the serum of the DEHP administered hens (Group C) was lower than that of the control hens.
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  • Keiichi SUZUKI, Toshihiro YAMAGISHI, Takeo KAYABA, Yutaka MIZUMA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 754-759
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The selection of mice for high (SH) and low (SL) resistance to stavation had brought about the difference of fat accumulation between SH and SL lines. To clarify the relationship between body fat accumulation and survival time under starvation, two lines of mice for high (FH) and low (FL) body fat percentage were established through selection. Then, survival time and lipid metabolism between FH and FL were compared in the same method as in the SH and SL lines. At 63 days of age, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in survival time between FH (13.8 days) and FL (10.6 days), but this difference was not so large as the difference between SH (16 days) and SL (8 days). There was no difference in the fat cell number of epididymal adipose tissue between FH and FL, but the fat cell size of FH was larger than that of FL and these tendencies were the same as those between SH and SL lines. There was no significant difference between FH and FL lines in the lipase activity of adipose tissue and the incorporation of Na-14C-acetic acid into liver lipid, which were both significantly different between SH and SL lines. These results suggest that not only the fat accumulation but also other factors control the ability of survival under starvation.
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  • Osamu SUZUKI, Masami SATO
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 760-765
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    These experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of suckling on postpartum reproduction and serum progesterone concentration in beef cows. Each of twenty-seven Japanese Black females was assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) ten calves were removed from the dams at birth (DO), (2) seven calves were removed at 30 days of age (D30) and (3) ten calves were removed at 60 days of age (D60). Nonsuckling significantly shortened the interval from calving to the first postpartum ovulation (DO vs. D30 and D60, P<0.01). Although the first postpartum ovulation was accompanied by estrous behaviour in six out of ten cows in the D0 group, all were quiet ovulations in the D30 and D60 groups. Furthermore, the suckling of calves increased the proportion of cows not exhibiting estrus at the second postpartum ovulation, and a significant difference was observed in the interval from calving to the first postpartum estrus among these three groups(16.3±7.0 days, 40.3±5.1 days and 56.8±10.0 days, P<0.01).Serum progesterone concentrations after the first ovulation tended to be higher in the D0 group. However, in all groups, the interval from the first to second ovulation was shorter than the second cycle and serum progesterone levels at the peak after the first ovulation were lower than those after the second ovulation, indicating that most corpora lutea formed after the first ovulation were not fully functional. Starting breeding 40 days postpartum resulted in an equal interval from calving, to conception and a similar number of inseminations required for conception in all three groups.
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  • Hiroshi SATO, Shogo HANASAKA, Teruhisa IMAMURA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 766-771
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In 22 Holstein calves of both sexes born in -7-28°C of ambient temperature, venous blood samples were taken and rectum temperature was measured at birth and 15 minutes' intervals during the first 2 hours when the calves were isolated from their dams. Free fatty acid (FFA), glucose, fructose and lactate of blood plasma were estimated. Plasma FFA and glucose levels were minimal at birth. Then, FFA level was elevated rapidly within an hour and remained maximum level till 2 hours after birth, however, plasma glucose level reached the maximum level within 45 minutes and showed a gradual decrease, thereafter. At birth, plasma fructose level was higher than glucose in 18 calves and showed to decrease slowly during the first 2 hours of life. Plasma lactate level was very high at birth and decreased gradually. In 18 calves, rectum temperature at birth was higher than that of their dams, and in the remaining 4 calves, it was nearly the same or slightly lower than that of dams. During the first 2 hours after birth, rectum temperature increased slightly in 8 calves and showed to decrease in the remaining 14 calves. Comparing the postnatal changes in plasma metabolite levels by dividing into 3 groups on ambient temperature (-7-0, 1-10 and 14-28°C), postnatal increase in plasma FFA level was smaller in calves born in comparatively warm environment (14-28°C) than those in the others. However, the relationships between the ambient temperature and the postnatal changes in other metabolite levels were not clear.
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  • Masaharu OSHIMA, Hiroshi FUSE, Tadao ISHII
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 772-778
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There are individual differences in the electrolytes concentration and the solids content in cow's milk and an inverse relationship exists between the two. In order to examine whether such inverse relationship exists also within milks from an individual cow when the composition of her milk changes, we injected thyroxine to cows in mid-lactation and changed milk composition of them experimentally. Six Holstein cows were injected 0.03mg thyroxine per kg body weight daily for 7 days intramuscularly and the milk samples from the healthy quarters were collected 3-4 times a week, during the pre-injection, injection and post-injection weeks. In all cows the lactose concentration began to increase with the start of thyroxine injection and reached a maximum at the end of the injection period and thereafter decreased gradually. Among the electrolytes, the concentration of Na in milk remained unchanged throughout the injection period and the post injection period. The concentration of Cl and K changed in an inverse manner to the change in the lactose concentration of milk (Fig. 1 and Table 2). The electrolytes, expressed as Na+K+Cl, decreased in an inverse manner to lactose, reached a minimum at the end of the injection period and increased thereafter. The correlation between the changes in lactose and electrolytes, which were expressed as the deviations from the pre-injection levels was -0.84 (P<0.001). While a gross agreements between the change in lactose mM/l and the change in the electrolytes in relation to the balance in the osmotic concentration of milk were observed in the milk samples, the latter was larger than the former (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.). The decrease in electrolytes during the injection period was mainly due to the decrease of chloride; and this seemed to be attributable to the increased production of CO2 in the mammary gland cells. Contrary, in the post injection period the decrease of K constituted a larger percentage of the total decrease in the electrolytes (Fig. 4.). The results were considered in relation to the theory on the scheme for ion and lactose secretion through mammary gland cells presented by Linzell and Peaker (1971), and Peaker (1978), and the cause of the inverse relation between the electrolytes and the main organic constituents, i. e., lactose, protein and fat was discussed.
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  • Kazuo NOMURA, Mikihiko TOKURIKI, Shin-ichi NOMURA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 779-785
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The behaviors of the Holstein cows reared under the ordinary management were recorded by the direct observation and the behavior types were classified into four categories, which were locomotion, standing, squatting and sleeping. At the same time, the heart rate was measured with the radiotelemetry and the relationships between the heart rate and the behavior types were investigated. The results were as follows. 1) The behavior types showed similar ones from 3 to 21 hour, that is, cows spent most of time in a standing position and at night spent most in a squatting position. 2) There were significant differences in the heart rate between locomotion and standing, as well as between standing and squatting. 3) Changes of the heart rate had a good correlation with the behavior types under the condition that a cow was alone in a pen, but did not have so good relations as that under other two conditions that a cow was pastured in a paddock alone or with herd. 4) The cardiotachograms recorded simultaneously in two cows showed the similar circadian pattern, although a younger one had bigger changes of heart rates. Whether a cow was ruminating or not, its heart rate was constant, but in feeding it increased.
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  • Kazuo NOMURA, Ryo KUSUNOSE, Mikihiko TOKURIKI, Shin-ichi NOMURA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 786-795
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The behaviors of two horses being reared under usual conditions in the stock farm were classified into 48 items and these 48 coded items were recorded every twelve seconds throughout successive 48 hours, and the distribution of movements, behaviors and the locomotion or posture was tabled, which clarified the characteristics of usual behaviors of horses. 1) A day was divided into four periods in which each percentage of locomotions and postures was calculated. Horses were most active in the Daytime period, followed by the Early Morning period, the Twilight period and least active in the Nighttime period through all seasons. This is due to the result that horses are controlled by the daily management form. 2) Horses seem to take most of sleep as a drowsy condition in standing. The sleep in squatting or lying occupied only 30-60 minutes a day. 3) Grazing in a paddock and feeding in a stall occupied 6 hours respectively and total time for ingestion was almost half a day. In the night periods, the term of the standing with the neck drooped, occurred alternately with the term of the feeding of hays or grasses.
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  • Mamoru TOMITA, Yoshitaka TAMURA, Teruhiko MIZOTA, Jun HORII
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 796-798
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Masanori KOMATSU, Tsuneo ABE
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 799-802
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hirofumi HANADA, Susumu MURAMATSU
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 803-805
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hisashi SUSAKI, Naohiko ISHIDA, Ryoji KAWASHIMA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 11 Pages 806-807
    Published: November 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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