Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 51, Issue 12
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Keiji OGIMOTO
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 809-822
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1209K)
  • Kazuo NOMURA, Mikihiko TOKURIKI, Shin-ichi NOMURA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 823-829
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The telemeter system was equipped with horses reared under the ordinary management in the livestock farm and the cardiotachograms were recorded successively during 48-96 hours. In that time, the behavior types of horses were recorded simultaneously every 12 seconds and were compared with the heart rate. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The instant change of cardiotachogram had direct relations with the movement or behavior types. 2) The circadian cycle of heart rates had some regularity. In addition to the inherent circadian rhythm of the body or atmospheric temperature and humidity, the management of human beings especially seemed to have great effects on it. 3) The seasonal differences of the heart rate seemed to be influenced by the atmospheric temperature. That is, the heart rate was low at temperatures of 10-20°C and was high over or under that range. 4) It seemed to be possible to estimate the behavior types from the heart rate of cardiotachograms.
    Download PDF (458K)
  • Yuzuru INOUE, Goya KANAMARU, Fumiaki SHIGYO
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 830-836
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of kapok oil in the diet on the fatty acid composition of porcine fat was investigated. Fifteen pure and cross-bred pigs were distributed into three groups of five pigs to consist of similar breed, sex and initial weight. The diets (14% crude protein and 75% TDN) supplemented with or without kapok oil were fed and the effect of varying levels of kapok oil was tested. The kapok oil was substituted for the defatted rice bran at levels of 0%, 0.02% and 0.08%. Pigs were reared from 55 to 95 kilograms of average live weight. Porcine fat samples were taken from the outer and inner layers of backfat, the kidney leaf fat and the abdominal fat for the determination of fatty acid composition using gas-liquid chromatography. When 0.08% supplemental kapok oil was added in the diet, the content of stearic acid increased and that of oleic acid decreased in back fat (inner layer) and abdominal fat. The melting-point of all the porcine fat samples used in the analysis rose. The fatty acid composition of abdominal fat was particularly influenced by feed-supplemented kapok oil.
    Download PDF (488K)
  • Hitoshi SHIBUI, Matanobu ABE
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 837-844
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies were carried out to elucidate the effect of dietary nitrogen (N) source on the amino acid composition and the availability of rumen microbial fractions. Amino acid availabilities of microbial fractions were determined by the in vitro digestion method with pepsin and pancreatin. In Expt. 1, two mature fistulated Holstein cows were allocated in a reversal method to two purified diets containing urea (diet P-U) or isolated soy-protein (diet P-S) as a sole N source. An additional amount of rice straw was fed daily to cows throughout the experiment. No appreciable influence of dietary N source was observed on the bulk amino acid composition and amino acid availability for bacterial fraction, however, some differences were detected for protozoal fraction. When cows were fed diet P-U, the numbers of protozoa within the rumen were lower than when they consumed diet P-S, and it owed principally to the decrease in the numbers of entodiniomorphs. The protozoal fraction on diet P-U contained less lysine (P<0.05), had higher digestibility with pepsin and pancreatin (P<0.05), and released less lysine and isoleucine after the in vitro digestion (P<0.05). In Expt. 2, three mature Holstein cow with rumen fistula were used in a 3×3 Latin square experiment in which they were assigned to diet P-U and the other two conventional diets containing urea (diet C-U) or soybeen meal (diet C-S). Rice straw was given to all cows throughout the experiment. No significant difference was observed among diets in the numbers of protozoa, and also in the bulk amino acid composition and the availability of isolated protozoal fraction. In conclusion, the dietary N source would have little influence not only on the composition but also on the availability of amino acid in the rumen microbial protein.
    Download PDF (521K)
  • Yukio WATANABE, Nobuo GOTOH
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 845-851
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of dietary fat level on the viscoelastic properties of raw chicken meat by sensory evaluation test, and to find out the relation between sensory evaluation and stress relaxation test. The chickens used were Cornish×White Rock crossbreds raised in individual wired cages. The number of chickens used was 54 in total, and they were all femals. The were divided into 3 groups, and fed with the experimental diet containing 0%, 5% and 10% of soybean oil, respectively. The feeding periods were 10, 20 and 34 weeks from day-old. Just after slaughter, the breat meat (M.. pectoralis profundus) and the thigh meat (M. iliotibialis) were removed, and were immediately put into polyethylene bags. The samples were kept at-10°C from 0 to 6 months. The size of meat for sensory evaluation were 10mm, 10mm and 5mm respectively. Meat pieces were cooked for 35 sec by electric range (Matsushita denki Co., Ltd.). The panel consisted of 5 members, who were women of 18 to 20 years old. TS (tenderness score), CB (chew counts to beginning point of swallowing) and CE (chew counts to end point of the chewing process) were used as panel scores. Parameters obtained from stress relaxation test were Fmax, τ and S/f0. The following informations were obrained. 1) Except for the chicken meat of 10 weeks old, the panel scores on the thigh meat were generally larger than that on the breast meat, suggesting that the thigh meat was tougher than the breast meat. 2) In the chicken meat of 34 weeks old, TS on the breat meat was larger in chicken fed with diet containing soybeen oil-free diet than in chicken fed with diet containing soybean oi1 (P<0.05). 3) Though high relationships were not found out between panel scores and parameters in stress relaxation test, the positive correlation between CE and Fmax was comparatively high, suggesting that panel scores were able to be estimated by Fmax value.
    Download PDF (597K)
  • Yoshiyuki SASAKI
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 852-859
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Preweaning growth traits should be recognized as one of the most important factors in genetic improvement of beef cattle in Japan as well as in USA, Canada, and so on. The genetic and phenotypic parameters of weights and gains from birth to weaning were estimated from 1, 046 records obtained from 1960 to 1976 on the Japanese Black calves in the Tottori National Livestock Breeding Station. The calves were born from 221 dams and 22 sires. The average calving number per dam was 4.7±2.6. The method of analysis of variance used was based on Method III of HENDERSON (1953). The six classifications; sire, dam, sex, age of dam, year and season, and sex by season interaction, were taken into account here. The calculation was done using the program; LSML76, for least-squares analysis written by HARVEY (1976). The results are as follows; 1) The precision in estimation of heritability and repeatability using the whole records from sires having more than 5 calves was higher than that using records from sires having more than either 10 or 20 calves, in terms of the residual variance, and the relative size of the standard error to heritability and repeatability estimate. 2) In the case of the adjusted 30-day weight and the average daily gain (DG) until 30 days, sire component of variance was very small (3.6% and 1.2%, respectively), while the dam component of variance was large (34.0% and 34.3%, respectively). 3) Heritability estimates obtained from paternal half-sib analyses and repeatability estimates from maternal half-sib were 0.43 and 0.26 for birth weight; 0.15 and 0.34 for adjusted 30-day weight; 0.30 and 0.26 for adjusted 180-day weight; 0.05 and 0.34 for DG until 30 days; 0.25 and 0.25 for preweaning DG; 0.27 and 0.18 for DG after 30 days, respectively. 4) Genetic correlations among all weights and gains were very high and positive, 0.67 to 0.99, except for DG until 30 days. It is concluded that the DG until 30 days appears to be a good criterion for selection for maternal ability of dams, while either the adjusted 180-day weight or the preweaning DG is for selection for both growth of calves themselves or sires and meternal ability of dams.
    Download PDF (653K)
  • Mitsuto MATSUMOTO, Tatsuo HAMADA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 860-865
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of short-term starvation on cardiac, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen contents were observed using kids, piglets, rats, hamsters and guinea-pigs. 1) Cardiac glycogen; In the kids given a milk-replacer once daily, it was highest at 2 hr after suckling. In the rats given a diet during the beginning of the light period, food consumption decreased it significantly (P<0.05). In rats, hamsters, guinea-pigs and piglets fed ad libitum, starvation increased it. 2) Skeletal muscle glycogen; In kids and rats adapted to the restricted feeding, food consumption increased it and starvation decreased it. In the animals fed ad libitum, 33 to 59% of glycogen were lost during starvation. The piglets of 2.5 weeks old depositted 21.4mg/g of glycogen in the feeding period. After 24hr starvation, 14.3mg/g of glycogen was stored. 3) Hepatic glycogen; In the animals with ad libitum feeding, it fell by over 90% during starvation. In kids and rats with the restricted feeding, food intake increased it. 4) Plasma free fatty acids (FFA); Starvation increased it and food ingestion decreased it significantly (P<0.05). A positive correlation between cardiac glycogen and plasma FFA was not found in the kids. 5) These results show that there is a cyclic change in the skeletal muscle and liver glycogen content, which is characterized as having a peak just after the meal and a nadir just before the meal, and that the cyclic change in cardiac glycogen seems to be affected by an alteration of feeding time.
    Download PDF (391K)
  • Tetsu JOHKE, Koichi HODATE, Kyoko HODATE, Asao KAWABATA
    1980 Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages 866-869
    Published: December 25, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In May and October, the effect of reserpine on releases of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and thyrotropin (TSH) was studied in Holstein dairy heifers. In May, an intramuscular injection of 6μg reserpine per kg body weight (bw) caused a marked and prolonged elevation of plasma PRL level. The peak PRL level at 2.5hr post-injection was 15.6 times as high as pre-injection level (P<0.001). The plasma PRL concentration at 5 and 24hr post-injection were 10.7 and 3 times greater than that of pre-injection, respectively. An injection of the same dose of reserpine in October caused 50-fold increase in plasma PRL concentration at 2.5hr post-injection (P<0.001), though the level was only 22% of the value obtained in May (P<0.001), indicating a marked seasonal difference in PRL release after reserpine. Plasma PRL concentration at 2.5hr post-injection of 3μtrg reserpine per kg bw was 62% of the level obtained with 6μg of reserpine. In contrast to PRL, plasma GH and TSH did not change significantly after reserpine injection.
    Download PDF (243K)
feedback
Top