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Volume 56, Issue 12
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Sakae MATSUOKA, Hiroshi FUJITA, Junichi TAKAHASHI, Noriaki ASANO, Hiro ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 913-919
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to clarify the effect of aerobic deterioration on the feeding value of silage, digestion, nitrogen balance and palatability studies were conducted, using wether sheep. The sheep were fed low-moisture (L-) and high-moisture (H-) silages which were made from the same source of forage and were at different stages of aerobic deterioration, having been stacked in a room after being removed from silos for 0 (L-0, H-0 silage: control), 4 (L-4, H-4 silage) and 7 days (L-7, H-7 silage). The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Changes in silage temperature during the aerobic exposure period varied with the site in silage stack, but, in total, the temperature rise was greater for I-silage than for H-silage. 2) The aerobic deterioration resulted in decreased WSC and lactic acid contents and increased ADF, NDF and lignin contents of L- and H-silages. 3) There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between silages stacked for 4 days and control Silages in the digestibilities of all chemical composition. However, the digestibilities of crude protein, NFE and energy were significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) lower for L-7 silage than for L-0 silage. The digestibility of crude protein was lower (P<0.05), but that of NDF was higher (P<0.05) for H-7 silage than for H-0 silage. 4) With respect to the DCP and TDN contents, the silages stacked for 4 days were approximately equal to the control silages, but the silages stacked for 7 days were 2-3% lower than the control silages. 5) The losses of nutrients from silages increased with proceeding aerobic deterioration: L-silage lost 3.5% DM, 6.5% DCP, 5.4% TDN and 10.0% DE, and comparable values for Hsilage were 3.2, 5.6, 4.8 and 6.3% during the 7-day aerobic exposure period. 6) There was no marked difference in the nitrogen retention between the sheep fed the deteriorated silages and control silages. 7) Ammonia and total VFA concentration in the rumen of the sheep fed H-silage tended to be somewhat lower with aerobic deterioration. 8) In a palatability study using the cafeteria method, the amount of silage consumed by the sheep decreased as aerobic deterioration proceeded, showing a great difference (P<0.01) even between the silages stacked for 4 days and control silages.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
Junjiro SEKINE, Shigeru MORITA, Toshio MOROOKA, Seiji KONDO, Masahiko ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 920-924
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen castrated male Holstein calves were used to determine the requirements of metabolizable energy for maintenance at 4 and 6 months of age. Calves were fed rations with either soybean meal or cottonseed meal as a main source of dietary protein. Results obtained were: 1) No differences were found in mean live weights of calves fed different rations, Means of live weight at 4 and 6 months of age were 79.6±5.7kg and 108.4±4.4kg, respectively. Changes in live weight during a 7-day-comparison period following a 2-week-preliminary period were -0.59kg and 0.62kg for 4-and 6-month-old calves, respectively. 2) Digestibility and metabolizability of dietary energy did not differ with rations, but were significantly higher at 6 months of age than 4 (P<0.01). The proportion of metabolizable energy to digestible energy was 0.85 irrespective of age or rations. Coefficients of digestibility for fiber fractions contributed to the difference with age in energy digestibility, which reflected on metabolizability. 3) Calves ingested metabolizable energy of 508 KJ/kg0.75 at 4 and 554 KJ/kg0.75 at 6 months of age, irrespective of rations. Heat production averaged 520 kJ/kg0.75 uninfluenced by age or rations. Negative energy retention was observed at 4 months of age, but positive at 6 months old. Regression analyses of energy retention (ER, kJ/kg0.75) on metabolizable energy intake (MEI, kJ/kg0.75), including fasting metabolism reported elsewhere, resulted in a statistically significant equation as follows: ER=0.747(±0.018) MEI-390, se=4.9, r=0.994. 4) Metabolizable energy required for maintenance was 522 kJ/kg0.75 irrespective of age or rations. The coefficient of regression, 0.747, showed the net efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance of 4- and 6-month-old calves. Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 56 (12): 920-924, 1985View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Shin-ichiro KATSUDA, Noriji TABA1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 925-930
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of high environmental temperature on the rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) in constrained hens. Nine laying commercial White Leghorn hens at ages of 8 to 9 months were constrained by having their wings and legs tied and being enclosed in small experimental cage. They were placed in an artificial climatic chamber. The temperature in the chamber was gradually increased from 25 to 44°C at a rate of about 6min for 1°C. The relative humidity was controlled at above 90%. 1) RT, RR and HR did not respond to an environmental temperature below 28°C. 2) When the environmental temperature was raised from 29 to 34°C, RR increased with initiation of panting. However, changes in RT and HR were very slight. This suggests that the acceleration of RR might be effective for heat loss. 3) RT, RR and HR increased remarkably within a temperature range from 35 to 38°C. This suggests that heat loss due to panting might be insufficient to prevent increase in RT. 4) RR and HR decreased gradually at an environmental temperature above 39 to 41°C, respectively. Respiratory disorder was observed in depth and rhythm. In the ECG, atrioventricular conduction defects or ventricular premature contraction, such as paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and flutter were observed. The hens fell into heat exhaustion 125 to 170min after exposure to high environmental temperature under constrained conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Masaki HOSHI, Yutaka TOYODA1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 931-937
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to know whether EDTA exerts beneficial effect on the development of mouse embryos derived from eggs fertilized in vitro. The effect of EGTA was also examined. Superovulated eggs were collected from ICR and F1(C57BL×C3H)females and were inseminated with epididymal sperm obtained from ICR males. At 6hr after inseminaion, the eggs extruding 2nd polar body were transferred to the Whitten's medium with or without the chelating agents and then cultured further for 114hr. The development of ICR embryos beyond the 2-cell stage at 48 hr after insemination was significantly enhanced by the presence of 2.5-500μM EDTA. More than 90% of lCR embryos cultured in the medium containing 20-100μM EDTA developed into the blastocyst stage. On the other hand, only 27-31% of embryos cultured in the medium without EDTA developed to the blastocyst. Regardless of whether EDTA exists or not, most of the F1 embryos developed into blastocysts. EDTA added not later than 12hr after insemination remarkably improved the development beyond the 2-cell stage, but EDTA added at 36hr did not exert significant effect. The treatment with EDTA for 18hr from 6hr after insemination significantly enhanced the development, but the treatment for only 6hr did not. EGTA did not stimulate the development of embryos. These results indicate that the stimulating effect of EDTA on the development of embryos into blastocysts is remarkable at 12-24hr after insemination.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Toyoo NAKAMURA, Masahiro NUMATA, Sayuri HASHIMOTO1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 938-946
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cause of flavor formation on the surface of mold-fermented salami sausages (M. F. S. S. ), manufactured on the west coast of the U. S. A., was investigated. Changes in chemical components and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of proteins extracted from M. F. S. S. during production were checked, and then microbial flora was investigated. Among detected fungi, a species which was thought to cause the flavor formation was selected and studied for optimum conditions for growth and production of enzymes. This fungus and its enzymes were tested for the reproduction of flavors in a model medium prepared with similar ingredients to M. F. S. S. . No changes in the electrophoretic pattern of proteins and microbial flora in the surface portion of M. F. S. S. were observed during production, and the main fungus detected was identified as Penicillium miczynskii. It showed the best growth in the medium of 6% NaCl, at pH 5.0 and 20°C. The activities of protease and lipase produced by P. miczynskii during incubation on wheat bran at 20°C were highest on the 20th day: 76.6, and 39.9u, respectively. In a reproduction test, the flavor was markedly improved when P. miczynskii was cultivated but no changes in flavor were evaluated when the crude enzyme solution was reacted.View full abstractDownload PDF (1406K) -
Sadaki YAMAMOTO, Masayo SUMIDA, Takami KOSAKO1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 947-953
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fast-response method for measuring heat production (HP) was evaluated by N2-injection and by alcohol-burning in both poultry and sheep chambers. The speed of response and accuracy achived by these systems was satisfactory for more precise studies on the relation between heart rate (HR) and HP in farm animals. The results indicated a good correspondence between HR and HP which were measured simultaneously at one min intervals both for a laving hen and a sheep. The prediction errors (sy•x/y, %) associated with the estimation of HP from HR were within the range 7-8%. These values were the same level as those calculated from average values using mask and head cage methods in cattle. The fast-response calorimetry would be very useful not only for calibration of the relation between HR and HP, but also for calculating dynamic physiological parameters in behavioural studies on farm animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (474K) -
Shin-ichiro KATSUDA, Noriji TABA, Hiroshi HOSOMI1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 954-961
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to investigate mean level and variability of arterial blood pressure for 6hrs and for 3min in 9 normal unanesthetized rabbits. A large bore catheter was chronically implanted into the aortic arch via the left subclavian artery under pentobarbital anesthesia. A few days after the catheterization, when all rabbits were in a good state of health and appetite, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was sampled by an analogue to digital converter every second and stored in a digital computer. Though the mean and standard deviation in MAP for 6hrs in each record ranged widely from 73.4 to 99.2mmHg and from 5.7 to 10.0mmHg respectively, a significant negative correlation coefficient (r=-0.57) was obtained (P<0.01). The mean MAP for 3min changed little in comparison with that for 6hrs on the identical record. The variance in MAP for 3min was significantly smaller than that for 6hrs on the identical record (P<0.01). In 9 out of a total of 18 records, the histograms of MAP for 6hrs did not show normal distribution. An exaggerated mode, skewness to the right or bimodal distribution was observed. Most of the histograms of MAP for 3min were normally distributed during resting condition, whereas most of them skewed to the right or left during movement. We conclude that the responsiveness of the baroreflex system functions more powerfully in a normotensive state and that a short-term AP control is more powerful than a long-term AP control within 6hrs.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Some Characteristics of Hepatic Ornithine Transcarbamylase From the House Musk Shrew, Suncus MurinusSoichi TSUJI, Seiki KANAZAWA, Toyokazu FUKUSHIMA, Sen-ichi ODA1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 962-970
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOrnithine transcarbamylase [EC 2. 1. 3. 3] (OTC) has been purified from house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, using immuno-adsorbent column chromatography in order to compare its enzymological, immunological, and protein chemical properties with those of other OTCs from different species such as cattle, rat, rabbit, ray, shark, and chick. All OTCs have been purified from the liver in ureoteric vertebrates, but from the kidney in chicken. The purified house musk shrew enzyme is shown to be a single protein of 35, 000 dalton, like other OTCs, on SDS-PAGE. Musk shrew liver contained high amount of OTC, 118μg per 1g wet weight of the liver, whereas chick kidney contained only 8μg per 1g of the kidney. Amino acid composition and some kinetic parameters of the musk shrew OTC are similar to those of other OTCs such as bovine, rat, and chick. The cyanogen bromide (BrCN) cleavage pattern of the musk shrew OTC is distinctive. By a double immuno-diffusion test using the antibodies against bovine liver OTC, the precipitin line of musk shrew OTC formed a spur pattern with those of other mammalian OTCs, in which a fusion was observed. This may relate to the difference in the BrCN cleavage pattern between musk shrew OTC and rat and rabbit OTCs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1933K) -
Yasunori YOSHIDA, Nobuhiro OHARA, Tokie SAMORI, Teruo MAEDA, Takato TE ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 971-979
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of charcoal-treated porcine follicular fluid (CTPFF) on ovulation in rabbits were examined. Sixty-one does were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 showed that an intravenous injection of 15IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) gave rise to ovulation in all 4 does either treated with CTPFF or control. Does in group 2 received 4ml of whole PFF (WPFF) or CTPFF once daily for 10 days, followed by 5IU hCG. With WPFF administration, 1 out of 4 does ovulated, while 3 out of 4 does ovulated in the CTPFF and control groups. A mild aplasia of corpora lutea was noted in does which received CTPFF. In group 3, 10 administrations of CTPFF were made at successive 12-hour intervals followed by 10IU hCG at the final injection of CTPFF; 3 out of 6 does ovulated (6 out of 8 does in control group). The number of ovulations was significantly lower in the CTPFF group than in controls. Laparotomy 4 days after hCG treatment showed that the number of large follicles was smaller in ovaries of nonovulated does in the treated group than in controls. Size and coloration of vulvas decreased 2 days after the beginning of treatments. In group 4, effects of CTPFF administration 3 times and 2 times per day were compared. Each doe was mated only 3 times of copulations without hCG. No ovulations occurred in both CTPFF-treated groups, though does ovulated were 2 out of 10 in 3 times saline-treated controls and 2 out of 6 in 2 times saline-treated control groups. Macroscopic measurements of follicles in non-ovulated does, and appearance of vulvar swelling and coloration showed similar trends with group 3. These result suggest that follicle-stimulating hormone suppressive activities in CTPFF will suppress follicular development in rabbit ovaries (relating low ovulation rate) and this causes a decrease of estrogen levels in blood, leading the fading and/or withering of vulvas.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K) -
Setsuo IWASAKI, Seiki WATANABE1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 980-986
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of fasting and hormone injections on serum transferrin (Tf), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and iron levels were studied. The egg-laying of hens paused by fasting and the serum vitellin level decreased rapidly. After refeeding, hens began to lay and serum vitellin increased to the similar level as before fasting at 1 week before egg-laying. Serum Tf, TIBC and iron in egg-laying hen decreased rapidly with pause of egg-laying by fasting and showed the similar levels as cocks. By refeeding, these levels recovered to those before fasting. The vitellin appeared in serum of castrated cockerels by estradiol injection and its contents reached to the highest value on the 6th day after injection. By stopping injection of estradiol, the serum vitellin decreased and disappeared on the 5th day after the last injection. Serum Tf, TIBC and iron in castrated cockerels injected with estradiol reached to the highest value from the 6th to 8th days after injection, which similar values as those of egg-laying hen. Those levels decreased rapidly by stopping of estradiol injection and showed the similar levels as before injection. Progesterone had no effect on the changes of these characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
Hajime OTANI, So-ichiro MORITA, Fumisaburo TOKITA1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 987-993
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the localization of antigenic sites formed by heat denaturation of β-lactoglobulin when a browning product between β-lactoglobulin and lactose (Lac-β-Lg) was prepared, we isolated peptides 25-40, 41-107, 108-124 and 125-145 from peptides 25-107 and 108-145 hydrolyzed by trypsin treated with N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, and examined the antigenic reactivities of the peptides toward anti Lac-β-Lg serum. In quantitative precipitin reaction between S-carboxymethylated β-lactoglobulin (SCM-β-Lg) and anti Lac-β-Lg serum, the mixture of peptides 25-40 and 41-107 or the mixture of peptides 108-124 and 125-145 inhibited about 57% or 31% of the formation of immune precipitate, respectively, while peptides 25-107 and 108-145 inhibited about 58% and 32%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of each peptide in the similar precipitin system was 2% for peptide 25-40, 56% for peptide 41-107, 2% for peptide 108-124 and 28% for peptide 125-145. Peptides 41-107 and 125-145 also noticeably inhibited the binding of SCM-β-Lg toward IgG antibody against Lac-β-Lg by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results indicate that two arginyl residues in region 25-145 of β-lactoglobulin do not play an important role in the antigenic activity of Lac-β-Lg and that the antigenic sites, which are formed as a result of heat denaturation of β-lactoglobulin when Lac-β-Lg is prepared, are mainly present in sequences 41-107 and 125-145.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO1985 Volume 56 Issue 12 Pages 994-996
Published: December 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (141K)
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