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Volume 56, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Zyunzi KUROSAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 185-192
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (742K) -
Mousei YANG, Fumio MUKAI, Yoshiyuki SASAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 193-198
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the records of the progeny testing of Japanese Black cattle in 15 different testing stations, heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients for growth and carcass traits were estimated. The progeny testing records were of 1, 684 steers sired by 208 bulls. Mathematical analyses were done using HARVEY'S least squares analysis program, LSML76 (1977), and the source of variations were year-station, sire within year-station and partial regression on initial age of progeny. The results are summarized as follows: 1. There were statistically significant differences in year-station and sire within year-station for all the growth and carcass traits except final grade (p<.01). 2. The effects of initial age on daily gain (DG), final body weight, marbling score, and carcass grade were linearly significant. On the other hand, the same effects on final withers height and carcass weight were quadratically significant (p<.05). 3. The heritability estimates were 0.59 for DG, 1.22 for dressing percentage, 0.53 for final body weight, 0.76 for final withers height, 0.50 for final grade, 0.61 for carcass weight, 1.15 for back fat thickness, 0.40 for marbling score, 0.94 for rib eye area, and 0.37 for carcass grade. 4. There were relatively high genetic correlations between DG and final body weight (0.85) and between DG and carcass weight (0.78), low genetic correlations between DG and marbling score (0.05) and between DG and carcass grade (0.15), and moderate genetic and phenotypic correlations between DG and rib eye area (0.35 and 0.30, respectively). The genetic and phenotypic correlations between marbling score and carcass grade were extremely high (0.97 and 0.77, respectively).View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Seiki WATANABE, Kei HANZAWA, Michinari YOKOHAMA, Nobuyuki KAWASAKI, Ka ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 199-203
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn paper electrophorograms, free amino acid types in red blood cells of 316 Thoroughbred, 69 Anglo-Arab and 10 Tokara-native horse were classified by variations of relative density of basic amino acid zone. The phenotype frequencies and the inheritance mode of free amino acid type were investigated. 1) Horse red blood cells were divided into two types, namely BA+type and BA-type. Frequencies of appearance of BA+type in each breeds of horse were 40.2% in Thoroughbred, 43.5%in Agnlo-Arab and 50% in Tokara-native horse, respectively. 2) Comparison between observed and expected numbers of free amino acid types of offsprings from various mating types were tried. The data suggest that the phenotype of free amino acid type is controlled by a single pair of autosomal alleles, giving rise to two free amino acid types, BA+type (BAl) and BA-type (BAL), the BAL allele being dominant. In other words, the genotype of BA+type is homozygoto of BAl gene, and BA-type is homozygote of BAL gene or heterozygote of BAL and BAl genes. Therefore the free amino acid types observed about basic amino acid zone in paper electrophorograms of horse red blood cells in named to the BA system. 3) x2-test between observed and expected numbers of various mating types were given. Frequencies of appearance of number of matings in Anglo-Arab were insignificant difference among various mating types (x2=1.321, 0.30<p). But in Thoroughbred, relative utilized rate of stallion of BA-type was significantly higher than that of BA+type (x2=8.342, p<0.05).View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
Mamoru TOMITA, Yasuo FUKUWATARI, Yoshitaka TAMURA, Teruhiko MIZOTA, Is ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 204-214
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In fractionation of cow's milk costituents by ultrafiltration with the module UFP-10 of Rhone-Poulenc-Chimie Fine, theoretical analyses were attempted by means of the theoretical equations which were derived in the previous article in order to study the effects of pH, temperature, pre-heating and fat content of milk and the membrane varieties (IRIS 3038 and IRIS 3072). The theoretical analyses tested here were capable to be applied to the all experimental conditions of the present ultra filtration, 2. Permeability coefficient and membrane-permeable fraction of each milk constituent varied as a function of its physico-chemical characteristics within the range of the present experimental conditions. However, the performances of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, which form colloids in milk, were exclusively dependent upon the filtration conditions. 3. Permeability coefficients of permeable milk solids, protein and lactose were affected solely by the properties of membrane. Permeability coefficients of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were higher in the cases of the membrane vaiety of IRIS 3072, whole milk and at 10°C to 15°C than in those cases of IRIS 3038, skim milk and at 50°C. The values of permeability coefficients of sodium and chlorine were lower at pH 5. 8 than at pH 6. 7, while those values of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were higher at pH 5. 8 than at pH 6. 7. Permeability coefficient of chlorine was insusceptible to the filtration coditions other than pH and also displayed very limited correlation with permeability coefficients of other 5 mineral components. 4. Membrane-permeable fractions of protein, fat, lactose, sodium, potassium and chlorine were less influenced by the changes of filtration conditions. Membranepermeable fractions of calcium, phosphorus and ash were intensely correlated mutually, and increased or decreased when pH was lowered or the temperature was elevated, respectively. Molar ratio of calcium to phosphorus in colloidal calcium phosphate complexes, transiting between the permeable and non-permeable phase in accordance with the changes of filtration conditions, was 1. 52 which was comparable with that of tri-calcium phosphate.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Tetsuo SATO, Masazumi YOSHINO, Sakon FURUKAWA, Yukio SOMEYA, Kazumoto ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 215-220
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal milk solids (or solids not fat) content of milk is one of the important factor that compositional quality payments are based on. Total milk solids content of milk may be obtained by the summation of the correction value and fat, protein and lactose values measured by infrared milk analysis instrument. This correction value was examined in this article. Samples from bulk milks (28 samples/month) and individual milks (about 70 samples/month) were collected in Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures during 13 months, and were analyzed for their fat, protein and lactose with Milkoscan 203 B (Foss Electric co. ) and also analyzed for their total milk solids with TMS-Checker K 375 A (Anritsu co.). The reference methods for the calibration of these instruments were Gerber, macro-Kjeldahl, Lane-Eynon method and the standard gravimetric method, respectively. The alpha-values, or the correction values, were calculated by subtracting fat, protein and lactose (anhydrous) values from TMS values, and their variations were examined. As for bulk milks, results showed little seasonal or regional variation (mean 1.04%, s. d. 0.066). This indicates that the correction value could be added to fat, protein and lactose (anhydrous) values, measured by infrared milk analysis instrument, to obtain a TMS value. The alpha-value of individual milks had a little more bigger seasonal or regional variation (mean 1.07%, s. d. 0.105) than that of bulk milks. However, the correction value could be added to the values determined by the instrumental method, to estimate a rough TMS value of a individual milk sample rapidly and simply. In order to estimate TMS-content with better accuracy and precision, the following items should be mentioned: 1. the origin of the samples, i. e. bulk milk or individual milk, 2. lactose content expressed as anhydride or as monohydride, 3. the reference methods used for the calibration of the instrument and the level of the calibration, and 4. the limits of the application (e. g. applicable place, reliable period etc.) of the correction value.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Seiki WATANABE, Setsuo IWASAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 221-225
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was carried out to clarify changes in serum albumin (Alb), transferrin (Tf), iron, and total and unsaturated iron-binding capacities (TIBC and UIBC) of growing chickens and egg-laying hens. Starch block electrophoresis was employed to purify serum Alb and Tf, and their levels were determined by the single radial immunodifusion test. The serum iron level, TIBC and UIBC were determined by the TCA precipitation method following atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum Alb increased rapidly from 1, 100mg/100ml to 1, 600mg/100ml during the first 3 weeks of age, it then increased slowly to 2, 200mg/100ml by 16 weeks of age, and thereafter maintained that level. Serum Tf level at hatching was 240mg/100ml, but then rapidly decreased to 100-130mg/100ml by 5 weeks of age. Thereafter it slowly increased until 25 weeks of age, showing 200mg/100ml in males and 300mg/100ml in females. Serum iron and TIBC decreased until 5 weeks of age; thereafter, they increased slightly in males, but in females increased rapidly until just before egg-laying, showing levels of 700μg/100ml and 820μg/100ml, respectively. There were significant differences between males and females in serum Tf and iron levels and TIBC. UIBC capacity re-mained almost constant during the growing period. The percentage of serum iron in females remained almost the same as that in males (35-55%) until 19 weeks of age, but it increased to 60-85% during egg-laying. It seems likely that serum Tf and iron levels and TIBC in chickens are closely related to egg-laying.View full abstractDownload PDF (324K) -
Akio MIYAMOTO, Motoaki UMEZU, Junji MASAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 226-233
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInhibin-like activity in goat testis, accessory reproductive glands and seminal plasma was measured. It was not detected in the extracts of accessory reproductive glands by in vitro (mouse pituitary incubation) assay. The goat testicular extracts (GTE) and seminal plasma (GSP) showed similar inhibin activity in both in vitro and in vivo (mouse uterine weight) assays. Fractionation of GTE and GSP by ultrafiltration demonstrated that the inhibin-like substance in GTE had a molecular weight of 10, 000-30, 000 and>100, 000, while that in GSP had 5, 000-10, 000 and 10, 000-30, 000 daltons. The activity was destroyed by heating at 100°C for 5min.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Yutaka TERAMI, Junji UEDA, Yoshio HACHINOHE1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 234-242
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPedigree information on the 819, 904 cows which were registered at Hokkaido Branch, the Holstein Association of Japan from Apr. 1st 1975 to Dec. 2nd 1983, was used to investigate the breeding patterns of dairy cows in Hokkaido. On the basis of the number of the registered cows born in Hokkaido, it was found the offspring of Hokkaido sires continue to decrease in number year by year, and that offspring of Canadian sires which produced the most female offspring from 1976 to 1980 tended to decrease in number after then. The production of offspring by American sires has continued to increase since 1978 and accounted for 55.6 per cent of the total cows born in 1983. Large variation was observed among sires and between home-bred and foreign-bred sires (American and Canadian sires) as to the number of female offspring which each sire produced in Hokkaido. Foreign-bred sires which were produced in the USA and Canada and introduced to Hokkaido, were extensively used for breeding for long period and produced many female offspring, whereas most Hokkaido sires left AI service at a younger age having produced a relatively small number of offspring. They tend to be in service at private farms other than the organized AI centers. The average generation interval from sires to female offspring were estimated to be 5.4, 8.0 and 8.2 years for Hokkaido, American and Canadian sires respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
Toshikazu MIYASHIGE, Yoshiro HAYASHI, Kunio KATO, Shigefusa YAHATA1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 243-249
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Fourteen pregnant cows were assigned to three experimental groups at about 130 days of gestation. These groups were given rations at levels for gaining body weight normally (MG), maintaining body weight (LG), and greatly reducing the body weight (VLG) in late pregnancy, respectively. The change in body weight from the begining of the experiment to parturition in each group was 52, 0 and-47kg, respectively. Al of the calves were fed on a milk substitute from 4 days after birth and were slaughtered at about one month of age. 2. The birth weight of the calves did not differ significantly between the MG and LG groups. On the other hand, the birth weight of VLG calves was significantly lighter than that of MG calves (P<0.05). Neither the daily weight gain nor the daily consumption of hay and a concentrate from birth to one month of age differed significantly among the three groups of calves. 3. The activities of lactase and maltase in the small intestinal mucosa were significantly higher in VLG calves than in MG and LG calves (P<0.05). These high enzyme activities in VLG calves were observed over nearly the whole length of the small intestine. The concentration of plasma glucose at 28 days of age reached a significantly higher level after drinking milk in VLG calves than in MG and LG calves (P<0.05). This seemed to be a reflection of the high lactase activity in VLG calves.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Hiroshi HARADA, Kazuyuki MORIYA, Riichi FUKUHARA1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 250-256
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPerformance tested Japanese Black bulls were ultrasonically scanned to predict on their fat thickness, M. long. thoracis area and marbling score at three stages, i. e. the end of testing period (Stage I), 4 months (Stage II) and 10 months (Stage III) after performance testing. The possibity to predict on these carcass trait estimates at Stage II and Stage III by carcass estimates and body measurements obtained at Stage I was examined in this report. Means and standard deviations of fat thickness, M. long. thoracis area and marbling score of bulls at Stage I were 5.0±1.5mm, 30.7±1.4cm2 and+0.5±0.4, respectively. The increase during four or ten months after testing were 1.2±1.4mm or 1.1±0.4mm for fat thickness, 9.2±0.8cm2 or 16.0±2.7cm2 for M. long. thoracis area and 0.6±0.40 or 1.8±0.7 for marbling score, respectively. Simple correlation coefficients between ultrasonic estimates at Stage I and those at Stage II and III were 0.63, 0.61 for fat thickness, 0.86, 0.77 for M. long. thoracis area and 0.78, 0.24 for marbling score, respectively. They were mostly significant (P<0.01) except for marbling score between at Stage I and III. The ratios of increase on these carcass traits of sires do not originate from individual difference after 20 months old. By using multiple regression equations fat thickness, M. long. thoracis area and marbling score at Stage II and III can be predicted from the ultrasonic estimates of carcass traits and body measurements at Stage I with contribution ratios of 50.8, 54.7%, 78.9, 74.5% and 73.2, 29.3%, respectively. Fat thickness and M. long. thoracis area at Stage III will be able to predict sufficiently at Stage I.View full abstractDownload PDF (413K) -
Cheng-Chuan CHENG, Taro NAGASAWA1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 257-266
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn aminopeptidase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-leucine-ρ-nitroanilide was purified about 1, 000-fold (specific activity 31units/mg protein) from the cell-free extract of Bifidobacterium breve (MT-17) by means of protamine sulphate fractionation, ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, rechromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, rechromatography on hydroxylapatite, and Chromatofocusing and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis at pH 6.6, and an isoelectric point pI 3.75 on chromatofocusing. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 61, 000 by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The enzyme exhibited a pH optimum at 6.6, temperature optimum at 37°C and was stable up to 40°C. It was activated by Mg2+ and inhibited by EDTA, 1, 10-phenanthroline, monoiodoacetic acid and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The enzyme had broad substrates specificity, but was not active on peptides having proline as the N-terminal or C-terminal amino acid, and on carbobenzoxylpeptides. In addition, the enzyme was highly active toward L-leucine-ρ-nitroanilide as compared to L-alanine-ρ-nitroanilide.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K) -
Mitsuaki OHSHIMA1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 267-273
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the same green juice extracted from freshly harvested ladino clover, heat-coagulated and oven-dried LPC (Thermally processed LPC) and directly centrifuged and freeze-dried LPC (Freeze-dried LPC) were prepared. During the thermal processing of LPC, lysine recoverable by acid hydrolysis was reduced. Wistar strain male growing rats were given diets containing one of the LPCs as the sole protein source with or without supplementary amino acids. Not only the body weight gain, the nitrogen retention and the protein efficiency ratio, but the apparent digestibility of crude protein was also higher in rats fed freeze-dried LPC than in those fed thermally processed LPC. Supplementation of methionine was effective in improving the nutritive value of both the LPCs, and the rate of the improvement was greater in freeze-dried LPC than in thermally processed LPC. By the lysine supplementation in combination with methionine, the nutritive value of thermally processed LPC was further improved to as high as that of freeze-dried LPC supplemented with methionine. The addition of lysine to freezedried LPC containing supplementary methionine was ineffective. Accordingly, it is clear that lysine is the second limiting amino acid of thermally damaged LPC and LPC prepared without any thermal damages contains enough lysine to meet the requirement of growing rats. Although the plasma amino acid concentrations and the chemical score suggested that threonine or histidine might be the second limiting amino acid of freeze-dried LPC, addition of one of them to the LPC containing supplementary methionine was also ineffective.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Akiyoshi HOSONO, Shotaro SAGAE, Fumisaburo TOKITA1985 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 274-278
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of our work is to evaluate mutagenicity of feces of various mammals. Aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared from fresh feces of the dog, cat, rabbit, goat, sheep, pig, cow and monkey, and were examined their mutagenic activities in a system of Escherichia coli B/r WP 2 trp-hcr- and E. coli WP 2 trp- strains. For the detection of tryptophane-independent bacteria, the semi-enriched agar medium was found to be very effective. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of feces of dog, cat and monkey increased the mutagenic frequency with microsomal (S-9) activation. On the other hand, the extracts of feces of rabbit, goat, sheep, pig and cow showed no appreciable mutagenic activity in both strains either presence or absence of S-9 mix in the medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (686K)
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