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Volume 56, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Digestion Trials of Feed with Ruminant- TDN Variation of Concentrates in Digestion Trials with SheepAkira ABE, Nobuo YAHARA, Mitsuru SHINODA, Kaoru IWASAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 281-287
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNutritive value of formula feeds, oil meals and by product feeds was investigated by digestion trials with sheep. Feed samples used in this experiment were as follows; 15 commercial formula feeds, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, linseed meal, wheat bran, corn gluten feed, barley distillers grain soluble and corn-barley distillers grain soluble. In case of oil meals and by product feeds, there were considerable differences in TDN contents among sheep given the same feed, and it was caused by the violent variation in organic cell wall (OCW) digestibilities. Wheat bran showed a typical example, and mean digestibility±SD of OCW was 47.1±23.8% resulting in that the range of TDN was 70.9-92.4% for four sheep.View full abstractDownload PDF (538K) -
Hiroaki SANO, Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI, Kaichi AMBO, Tsuneyuki TSUDA1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 288-294
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix shorn sheep, initially housed at 20°C, were exposed to temperatures of 20, 30 or 35°C for 10 hours in order to investigate blood glucose metabolism immediately after the beginning of heat exposure. Physiological responses, plasma constituents and blood glucose metabolism were determined during the experimental period. The isotope dilution method using [U-14C] glucose was applied for the determination of glucose metabolism. Marked increases in respiratory rate and hyperthermia appeared during exposure to both 30°C and 35°C. The concentration of plasma glucose changed little during the experimental period. At 20°C, the concentration of plasma free fatty acids increased gradually and the concentration of plasma thyroxine was unchanged. At 30°C and 35°C, the increase in the concentration of plasma free fatty acids tended to be depressed, and the concentration of plasma thyroxine decreased in the second half of the exposure period. The glucose entry rate remained virtually constant during exposure to 20°C or 35°C. At 30°C, however, the entry rate increased slightly up to the second hour of exposure, and thereafter decreased gradually to the pre-exposure level. The utilization rate of glucose changed similarly to the entry rate at 20, 30 and 35°C, since the concentration of plasma glucose changed little during the experimental period. The pool size of blood glucose was slightlylow in the second half of exposure to 35°C. These results indicate that blood glucose metabolism changes little immediately after initiating heat exposure.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
Mamoru TOMITA, Yasuo FUKUWATARI, Yoshitaka TAMURA, Teruhiko MIZOTA, Ka ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 295-305
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In ultrafiltration of cow's milk with the plate type module UFP-10, the effects of preheating, temperature, pH, fat content and membrane varieties (IRIS 3038 and IRIS 3072) were studied on flux and physicochemical properties. 2. Average flux varied dependent upon preheating condition, filtration temperature and membrane varieties. High correlation between flux at concentration factor (CF) 1.1 and average flux up to CF 2 or 3, was observed. 3. Changes of pH in retentate were only limitedly observed when the mode of the filtration processes were varied. The rate of permeable fraction of acidity increased to some extent when the temperature of pre-heating or filtration was elevated and pH was lowered. 4. Average molecular weight of permeable solute increased when filtration temperature was elevated, while it decreased when pH was lowered. Average molecular weight of permeable non-lactose solute increased in both cases, 5. Viscosity [η(cp)] of retentate was expressed by η=A•exp (B•N1.4) in which N represented concentration factor. Value of B, the rate of increase in concentration, was influenced by all parameters of the mode of the filtration processes. 6. Rennet coagulation time of retentate was not changed when the ultrafiltrations were performed against untreated milk at 10°C, shortened by pasteurized milk at 15°C of filtration temperature and prolonged by the milk of pH 5.8. Rennet coagulation time of ultrafiltrated milk at filtration temperature of 50°C was initially shortened but was subsequently prolonged. 7. Curd tension [CT(g)] of retentate was expressed by an equation, CT=A•NB, in which N represented concentration factor. Value of B, the rate of increase in concentration, increased by pre-heating and cream separation, and decreased when the membrane IRIS 3038 was substituted with IRIS 3072. 8. Heat stability of retentate at 130°C decreased with the increase of concentration. The pattern of pH-heat stability curve showed very limited changes when the mode of the filtration processes was modified. 9. The value of rejection coefficient of whey protein was lowered when the ultrafiltration was performed against pasteurized milk at 85°C for 10min or when the membrane IRIS 3072 was installed. The rate of permeable fraction of non-protein nitrogen was higher in the event that the membrane IRIS 3072 was installed.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Shigeru SUGANO, Hisashi HIROSE, Yuji TAKEMURA, Hideto MATSUMOTO, Ryohe ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 306-311
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to elucidate the effect of alpine grazing on rearing steers. Twenty Holstein and 20 Japanese black steers were divided into two groups with the same size at 5 to 8 months of age. One group was grazed in the pasture of National Grassland Research Institute (330m altitude) and the other group in Hachirogahara pasture (950m altitude) for 5 to 6 months in summer. Responses of the right ventricular pressure and heart rate to some autonomic nervous stimulants were recorded before and after the grazing, and the morphological measurements of heart were obtained in the slaughter experiment just after the end of grazing and at several fattening stages. In general, magnitude of responses to stimulant drugs inclined to decrease with age and increase by the alpine grazing, though the pattern of responses was different between the both breeds. Relative width of the right ventricular free wall had enlarged just after returning from alp to valley, but this findings disappeared with the prolonged residence in valley.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
Seiichi OSHIRO1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 312-317
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiments were conducted to study ruminating behaviors and the other physiological responses of goats fed by forced feeding. Two Okinawan meat male goats were used in the three kinds of experiments: normal feeding, forced feeding and fasting. The eating time in the normal feeding experiment and remasticating time in the forced feeding experiment which tookplace between 12: 00-8: 00 were different (P<0.01): 295 minutes and 168 minutes respectively. The effects of the experiment on the respiration and on the heart pulse on goats involved in the two feeding methods showed marked differences. The count of breaths and heart beats of the normally-fed goats was higher than those of the forced-fed animals. In addition there was a difference in the various body temperature of the goats. Goats had co-relationship (P<0.01) between rumen temperature and rectal temperature (P<0.01). The forced feeding experiment (436 minutes/day) and the normal feeding experiment (431 minutes/day) in the remasticating time were much the same, but remastications of the forced feeding experiment (52, 633/day) were higher than those of the normal feeding experiment (34, 421/day) (P<0.01). The ruminating time (707 minutes/day) in the forced-fed goats were higher than 510 and 405 minutes/day in normally-fed and fasting goats (P<0.01). The ruminations under three eating conditions (normal feeding, forced feeding and fasting) are also different: the normally-fed goats ruminated at 487 ruminations a day, the forced fed ruminated at 1443 ruminations a day, and the fasting goats at 849 ruminations a day. The resting and remasticating time during rumination were as follows: normal feeding 63 second; forced feeding 29 seconds and fasting 29 seconds. There results indicate that the ruminating behaviors are almost the same in both the forced feeding experiment and the fasting experiment with regards to ruminating, remasticating, remasticating time per rumination, etc.View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Tadanori YAMADATE, Takashi AWATA, Junji UEDA, Yoshio ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 318-332
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of selection for increased body weight at 6 weeks of age on the body form of mice, by comparing the relative growth coefficient from 3 to 9 weeks of age between selected (MF) and control strains (CC) with the cross-sectional data from 144 mice. The 11 bone sites examined were: 5 limb bones, 3 vertebrae and 2 girdle bones. The growth pattern for each bone was estimated from Huxley's allometric equation to body weight or humerus length. Correlated responses to selection for body weight at 6 weeks of age were observed at all bone sites. Comparison of growth coefficients among sites indicated a general tendency for a distal-proximal pattern in limb bones and an anterior-posterior pattern along the dorsal line. In addition to this, the rapid growth of muscle might induce an increase in the growth of the bone directly attached to the muscle. Growth coefficients in males from 3 to 5, 6 or 9 weeks of age were not significantly different between strains for each site, indicating that the two strains followed a similar pattern of relative growth as they increased in size. However, for female mice, significant differences between strains were observed in os coxae and thoracic vertebrae length relative to body weight and in os coxae length relative to humerus length, these being larger in CC than in MF. Many bones in MF were smaller than in CC at the same body weight, and inversely larger at the same humerus length, particularly for os coxae width and lumbar length. It seemed that selection for increased body weight led to a greater increase in body length and depth of hind body than in height.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Yoichi KOJIMA, Kanji OKANO1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 333-340
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of heat or formalin treatment of proteinaceous feed on protein degradability in the rumen was studied in two trials, adopting an in vitro culture method. Protein degradation in the rumen was calculated from the measurement of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and bacterial nitrogen. Bacterial nitrogen was estimated from the value of diaminopimelic acid in the medium. Soybean meal (SBM) and casein were treated at 150°C for 2 hours (trial 1) or with formalin (HCHO) at 1% CP for 72 hours (trial 2). They were incubated in a medium comprising 1 part of rumen liquor and 1 part of MCDOUGALL'S artificial saliva for 24 hours. The total VFA concentration was higher in untreated substrates. No increase in VFA concentration was observed as the incubation time proceeded in the HCHO treated casein. NH3-N was higher in untreated substrates, especially in untreated casein. There was little change with the time in HCHO treated casein, while a decrease in NH3-N was found in HCHO treated SBM. The protein degradabilities of heat treated SBM, heat treated casein, untreated SBM and untreated casein after 24 hours' incubation in trial 1 were 6.7%, 13.3%, 34.3% and 42.3%, respectively. Those of HCHO treated SBM, HCHO treated casein, untreated SBM and untreated casein in trial 2 were 0.6%, 0.0%, 32.6% and 58.0%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
Hajime OTANI, So-ichiro MORITA, Fumisaburo TOKITA1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 341-346
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the localization of antigenic sites formed by heat denaturation of β-lactoglobulin when a browning product between β-lactoglobulin and lactose (Lac-β-Lg) was prepared, peptides 25-61 and 62-107 were purifed from peptide 25-107 treated with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulphenyl)-3-methyl-3-bromoindolenine (BNPS-skatole), and the antigenic reactivities of the peptides with anti Lac-β-Lg serum were examined. In quantitative precipitation between S-carboxymethylated β-lactoglobulin (SCM-β-Lg) and anti Lac-β-Lg serum, the mixture of peptides 25-61 and 62-107 inhibited only 32% of the formation of immune precipitate, whereas peptide 25-107 inhibited about 60%. The precipitin inhibitory activity of each BNPS-peptide in the similar reaction system was 30% for peptide 25-61 and 5% for peptide 62-107. Further, only peptide 25-61 inhibited the binding of SCM-β-Lg with the specific IgG antibody against Lac-β-Lg by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ELISA pattern obtained by the addition of peptide 25-61 alone was very similar to that observed by the addition of a mixture of peptides 25-61 and 62-107. These results suggest that some antigenic sites of Lac-β-Lg are present in sequences 25-61 and in the region containing residue which is cleaved and/or modified with BNPS-skatole.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
Takayoshi AOKI, Yoshitaka KAKO1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 347-352
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine the difference between the soluble k-casein, which is released from casein micelles on heating, and the micellar k-casein, which remains within casein micelles, k-casein was prepared from the soluble and micellar caseins in the concentrated whey protein-free milk heated at 135-140°C for 15 sec by means of gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column. The soluble k-casein had a slightly higher stabilizing ability against αs1-casein than the micellar k-casein. The sialic acid and hexosamine contents of the soluble k-casein were somewhat higher than those of the micellar k-casein. The fact that carbohydrate-rich k-casein was released more easily from casein micelles on heating than carbohydrate-poor k-casein may be ascribed to the differences in the association behavior and the distribution within casein micelles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1105K) -
Hajime MIYAMOTO, Takehiko ISHIBASHI, Sakae NAKANO1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 353-360
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of enzymeΔ5-3β-hydroxysterold dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was histochemically studied in the ovary of the crossbred of pig×wild boar during the estrous cycle and at puberty. In antral follicles, 3β-HSD activity was present in theca interna but not in granulosa nor in theca externa. Witn the development of antral follicles, theca interna showed an increased activity of the enzyme with pregnenolone as the substrate, reaching the level of moderate in the follicles over 5mm at proestrus and estrus. Theca interna of atretic antral follicles showed a weaker activity of the enzyme compared to that in theca interna of normal follicles. Corpus luteum showed a stronger activity of the enzyme than other ovarian structures did. The enzyme activity with pregnenolone in corpus luteum was moderate at metestrus and diestrus, decreasing thereafter. Interstitial tissue showed a weak activity of the enzyme, though sometimes moderate, with pregnenolone. The distributional pattern of 3β-HSD activity was similar in puberal and mature animals, appearing in the theca interns of antral follicles and the interstitial tissue. The ovaries of the animals were able to utilize a variety of substrates for the demonstration of 3β-HSD. Of five substrates used, epiandrosterone produced the largest amounts of diformazan deposit, and dehydroepiandrosterone gave a stronger activity than pregnenolone did. These results show that the corpus luteum plays an essential role in the progesterone synthesis in the ovaries of the crossbred of pig×wild boar, and that the theca interna of the antral follicles over 5mm also can contribute to progesterone synthesis. The activity of 3β-HSD was not present in preantral follicles nor in surface epithelium, suggesting the unlikeliness of these structures contributing to the progesterone synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1642K) -
Takeo KOYAMA, Madoka SUDO, Tadakatu YONEYAMA1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 361-363
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (167K) -
Yasushige OHMORI, Tohru WATANABE, Toshitake FUJIOKA1985 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 364-366
Published: April 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (141K)
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