Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 57, Issue 12
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Hiroshi SATO
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 959-970
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kenji Tsurrona, Hiroko KATO, Hiroyasu SAEGUSA, Tatsuro SHIMAOKA
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 971-977
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The presence of metabolic processes is known in erythrocytes for protection against the oxidation of hemoglobin (Hb) and the reduction of methemoglobin (met Hb) to Hb, for the maintenance of functional Hb. Using electrophoresis or photometry, sheep erythrocytes can be grouped into three phenotypes; A, AB and B for Hb; F, FS and S for NADH-diaphorase (Dia), and two phenotypes, high and low, for reduced glutathione (GSH), as substances related to the metabolism of metHb. In order to examine the relationship between these biochemical polymorphisms and the levels of metHb, Dia and GSH in the erythrocytes of Finnish Landrace sheep, these parameters were measured and the following results obtained: 1) In hematocrit (Ht) values among Hb types and Dia types, the order of A>AB>B for Hb types and F>FS>S for Dia types was shown, respectively. A significant difference was found between types Hb A and Hb (P<0.001), and between types Dia F and Dia S (P<0.02). Concerning Ht values between typical GSH types, high-type sheep tended to have higher values than low-type sheep. 2) The metHb concentration of the Hb A type sheep was significantly lower than that of the Hb B type sheep (P<0.001). In Dia levels between Hb types, Hb A type sheep tended to have lower enzymic activity than the Hb B type sheep. For the GSH concentration in the red cells of Hb types, the following order, A>AB>B, was obtained, and a significant difference was shown between types Hb A and Hb B (P<0.05). 3) With respect to the differences in Dia activity between electrophoretic types, the F type sheep had a significantly lower value than the S type sheep (P<0.01). F type animals were also shown to have significantly lower metHb concentration and higher GSH concentration than S type animals (P<0.01, respectively). 4) Comparing the two typical GSH types, the high-type animals showed significantly lower levels of metHb and Dia than did the low-type animals (P<0.01).
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  • Koki FUKUHARA, Masanori FUJITA, Sadaki YAMAMOTO
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 978-984
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Heart rate (HR) and heat production (HP), and oxygen contents in arterial and venous blood were measured simultaneously before, during and after eating and walking with four or three native Japanese goats each. 1) A close relationship between HR and HP was obtained in all calibrations. The mean prediction errors (PE, Sy•x/y, %), for both eating and walking conditions, associated with the estimation of HP from HR were within the range of 4.7-8.9%. It is suggested that the HR measurements could offer a practical method for estimating HP of goats. 2) A distinct difference of regression coefficient was exhibited between eating and walking conditions. Considerable variations occured in changes in O2 content of arterial and venous blood, but the result suggested that the main reason for the difference of regression coefficient was an increased arteriovenous difference in O2 content with walking. 3) The relative HR (RHR) method could be applied for combining both eating and walking calibrations. RHR is a ratio of HR to basal HR, which is calculated by substituting the mean value of HP in all samples into the regression equations of each calibration, instead of resting HR before feeding. The suggested equation for the estimation of HP, using a mean grouped HR with a minimum of four goats, is shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2 [C]. The important experimental conditions are discussed in relation to the calibration.
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  • Ryo INOUE
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 985-991
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The pedigree structure of cattle, as represented by the genetic contributions of several ancestors, may be useful, in the breeding of ability and carcass characteristics as already reported by the author. Therefore, the pedigree structure of two breeding cow populations in the Okayama strain of Japanese Black cattle was investigated. The first population was composed of 1, 313 cows that had been active in 1972-1974, and the second population was composed of 972 cows that had been active in 1980. All the ancestors of each cow were checked with the aid of a herdbook and written into a computer file. Male and female ancestors that contributed genetically to any population by at leas 3.5%, and male ancestors that contributed to any regionally divided second population by at least 4%, were picked out. Male ancestors that contributed to any population by at least 0.5%, but which did not belong to the Okayama strain, were also picked out. It was clarified that an ancestor HANA-YAMA, 13. who was born in 1920, had contributed genetically as high as 18% to both populations, and to whom every bull and cow belonging to the Okayama strain may be traced. Because of this, the strain seems to be a linebred population related to HANA-YAMA, 13. Genetic contributions of some ancestors who were closer-related ascendants to MATSU-DA, 11. and NAKA-YAMA, 2. were higher in the second population than in the first population, because of the very frequent insemination of these two bulls' semen in those days. Almost every ancestor contributed evenly to regionally divided populations, though a few ancestors contributed highly to only one or two regional populations. During the investigation, it was found out that some old ancestors belonging to the Hyogo strain had contributed highly to both populations. However, the present cattle which belong to the Okayama strain might merely be related to others of their native strain, due to common ancestry, since a generation gap from the ancestors would dilute relations between them. The effects of other ancestors that did not belong to the Okayama strain were few and limited only to part of the total population because their "effect" was passed on only through descendant bulls in relatively new generations. Therefore, the Okayama strain seems to be almost an independent population from the other strains. There were some female ancestors which contributed genetically much to the populations. However their effects would be negligible, because they affected only through their sons or grandsons which contributed highly to the same population.
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  • Kiyoshi HAYASAKA
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 992-999
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Experiments to statistically confirm relationships between individuals in a herd which was composed of new individuals with different histories were done from 2 view points: that is, behavior coordination and distance between individuals. The herd used in the experiments consisted of 3 groups that had no previous chance of getting together prior to the experiments. These 3 groups were termed J-A (6 Japanese Blacks), H-B (4 Holsteins) and H-C (2 Holsteins), respectively. Experiments were done on 4 days during an 11-day grazing period in spring, and the location of each individual in a 2-ha paddock and its behavior were recorded every 5 min. from dawn to dusk on each of the 4 days. The behavior coordination and distance between each pair in 12 individuals of cattle were studied by cluster analysis. Individuals within each group tended to have close bonds and similar behavior with the others of their own group, and above all, preferred a specified intimate companion within each group. Group H-C associated with group J-A rather than with group H-B of the same breed. The youngest cow in group J-A associated more closely with group H-C than with group J-A. These relationships between and within groups seemed attributable to differences in history in their growth, breed, age, and group size within the herd, which were complicatedly intertwined with each other.
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  • Jun-ichi OKUMURA, Sung-Ik YANG, Tatsuo MURAMATSU, Iwao TASAKI
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1000-1009
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new collection method for pancreatic juice in chickens was developed. Duodenum of the chick anesthetized with diethyl ether was cannulated with Tygon R tube, through which physiological saline was continuously infused with the aid of a peristaltic pump in order to prevent a plug problem. Pancreatic secretions were successfully collected during an experimental period of 60 min as the mixture of the saline with intestinal juice. By this method, neither the blockage problem nor the irregular secretion of the pancreatic juice was observed. A steady, relatively small basal output of enzymes, amylase, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, occured when physiological saline or the end products of digestion (glucose, methionine and lysine) were administered by the wing vein injection. Cholecystokinin had an immediate effect on pancreatic enzyme secretion and this response was in a dose dependent fashion. The injection of cholecystokinin seemed to have selective stimulation favoring the secretion of chymotrypsinogen followed by amylase and trypsinogen. The injection of cholecystokinin plus lysine increased the secretion of all enzymes more than that observed with cholecystokinin alone, whereas the injection of cholecystokinin plus glucose stimulated only an amylase secretion. The regulatory mechanism of pancreatic digestive enzyme secretion is discussed.
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  • Yasunori YOSHIDA, Shinobu NAGAHAMA, Yuko ITO, Teruo MAEDA, Takato TERA ...
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1010-1021
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of injections of charcoal-treated porcine follicular fluid (CTPFF) during 5 days in the follicular phase on functions of the corpus luteum in pseudopregnant rabbits were examined. Three ovulatory does which were ovulated by administration of 10 IU of hCG after ten 4-ml injections of CTPFF at 12-hour intervals showed no difference from controls in wet weights of either their ovaries or corpora lutea on day 4 of pseudopregnancy, even though there was a significant difference in the number of ovulations in comparison with 6 control does (group 1). The number of large follicles (≥1.5mm diameter) in treated does was less than that in the control. Progesterone (P) levels in peripheral plasma were lower in treated does on day 4 of pseudopregnancy than in control does, in spite of higher levels during the period of CTPFF treatments. In 6 does which were ovulated by 15 IU of hCG after injections of CTPFF in the same manner as in group 1, wet weights both of ovaries and corpora lutea on day 7 decreased, and number of ovulations was very few in comparison with 7 control does (group 2). Numbers of follicles of various sizes were not different between treated and control groups. Progesterone levels in treated dose remained at lower levels from 3 days to 7 days after ovulation than in controls. In treated does, luteal cells were polygonal and there were some regressive tissue changes. Ten days after administration of 15 IU (treatment A in group 3) or 30 IU (treat-ment B in group 3) of hCG following CTPFF treatments, all does (7 does for treatment A, 5 does for treatment B, 4 does for control) showed similar mean ovarian weights. However, the mean weight of corpora lutea in does of treatment B was significantly less than that in does of treatment A. Mean number of ovulations in treatment B was the same as in the control, but that in treatment A was significantly smaller. Numbers of follicles in the 1.0-1.5mm sizes in treatment B in group 3 were greater than in treatment A and the control. Progesterone levels in treated does remained at lower levels than in controls from 3 to 10 days after ovulation. Total wet weights of corpora lutea were highly correlated (p<0.01) with P levels in all groups. These results indicate that successive injections of CTPFF for several days during the follicular phase give rise to subnormal function in the corpus luteum on day 7 of pseudopregnancy in rabbits.
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  • Seiyu KATO, Torn ANDO, Noritaka ADACHI, Hitoshi MINED, Jun-ichi USHIJI ...
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1022-1028
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of intravenous infusion of atropine on pancreatic exocrine responses to exogenous CCK-8 and to endogenous CCK-PZ released by intraduodenal administration of soybean extract were examined in sheep. Atropine did not inhibit the response of exocrine pancreas to CCK-8 injected intravenously. Intraduodenal administration of soybean extract increased juice flow (2.87-fold), protein output (3.71-fold) and amylase output (3.56-fold), which were significantly inhibited by atropine infusion showing a small increase of juice flow but no increases of protein and amylase outputs. These results indicate that the cholinergic mechanism is not involved in the action of CCK-8 on pancreatic acinar cell, but the release of CCK-PZ from intestinal mucosal cell is considerably mediated by the cholinergic mechanism in sheep.
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  • Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1029-1034
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify the behavioral feature of restricted feeding hens, a comparison was made of the feeding behavior and certain other activities under conditions of restricted (80% ad libitum feeding) and non-restricted feeding. The manner in which feeding behavior changed under these conditions was unique for each hen. Pecking was observed frequently in the restricted feeding periods while preening showed the opposite tendency. The time spent for activities using the beak other than eating tended to increase when eating time was short. The total time engaged in activities using the beak under both conditions was the same for all hens. Consequently, pecking and preening as well as food tampering, to some extent, may be activities whose expressions mutually repress each other.
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  • Kichiro SHIJIMAYA, Kou FURUGOURI, Yasuhiko MIYATA
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1035-1037
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kazuhiro SHIMADA, Yoshiaki IZAIKE, Akira OKANO, Takao OISHI
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1038-1040
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Taketo OBITSU, Toshio MOROOKA, Seiji KONDO, Junjiro SEKINE, Masahiko O ...
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1041-1042
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Norimitsu KAWAMURA, Takehiko ISHIBASHI, Hajime MIYAMOTO
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1043-1045
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kohzo TANIGUCHI, Miki SUGIHARA, Yoji YAMATANI, Isao OTANI
    1986 Volume 57 Issue 12 Pages 1046-1049
    Published: December 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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