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Volume 58, Issue 11
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Hajime OTANI1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 907-918
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
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Eisaku TSUNEISHI, Yuji TAKIMOTO, Kouichi NISHIMURA, Hisato TAKEDA1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 919-926
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFatty acid composition of triacylglycerol in various muscles and adipose tissues, and the fatty acid and fatty aldehyde composition of phospholipid in various muscles, from 4 fattened Japanese Shorthorn steers (24 months old, 598 kg body weight), were determined by gas-liquid chromatography.
Triacylglycerol of the outer parts of the animals' bodies-subcutaneous fat, m. masseter, m. cutaneus trunci, m.extensor carpi radialis and m. semitendinosus-contained more unsaturated fatty acids than other muscles. The m. trapezius and m. longissimus lumborum, which are located under the subctaneous fat, had a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids than the internal tissues; m. longissimus thoracis, m. psoas major, intermuscular fat and perinephric fat. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids in perinephric fat was the lowest.Unsaturated fatty acids tended to be higher in diaphragma (pars muscularis) and body-cavity fat, than in m. longissimus thoracis, although they were located in the body-cavity.The percentage of C 18: 1 of triacylglycerol, was found to be related to the anatomical location. A vareiation in fatty acid composition of phospholipid was found depending upon its location. The m. masseter had the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and m. cutaneus trunci, m. extensor carpi radialis, diaphragma (pars muscularis) and m. semitendinosus followed this, while m. longissimus, m. trapezius and m. psoas major were lower. On the other hand, the percentage of mono unsaturated fatty acid in the tissues was reversed with the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid.And there was no difference in the percentage of total unsaturated fatty acids among the tissues.The variation in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissues was caused by the variation of ω6 fatty acids, especially C 18: 2.It was suggested that these variations were related to difference in muscle activity. There was a difference in fatty aldehyde composition among the tissues, but the variation was not as large as that in fatty acid composition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1277K) -
Yasuo FUKUWATARI, Yoshitaka TAMURA, Teruhiko MIZOTA, Mamoru TOMITA, Sh ...1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 927-936
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTheoretical analysis, on the reverse osmosis (RO) concentration of cheese whey, has been carried out by deriving equations for membrane transport and concentration polarization for multi-component systems. The present article aims to determine the volume flux range in which the water permeability coefficient is represented by the constant in the membrane transport equation.It was assumed that fouling took place at the moment when the concentration of the solute component, which was involved in the mechanistn of fouling, exceeded a limiting level at the interface of the membrane and whey. A limiting stable volume flux (Jv lim) was defined by the term of volume flux which caused the limiting concentration at the interface. The existence of a limiting concentration of the component which caused fouling at the interface was verified by varying the flow rate in a system of single-pass RO which was equipped with a plateand-frame module installing polybenzimidazolone membranes. The limiting concentrationat the interface was a determinant for Jv lim and Jv lim was in proportion to the cube root of flow rate in module. Since the solute component to cause fouling, its concentration in retentate and the limiting concentration at the interface were conceivable to vary dependent upon pH, total solute molarity and temperature hysteresis of whey and operating temperature in the process of RO concentration, the effects of above operating conditions on Jv lim were investigated. Maximum value of Jv lim was observed at pH 5.8 of whey when it was determined in the pH range of 6.4 to 4.6. The value of Jv lim decreased with the increase of total solute concentration of whey and was elevated by holding whey at 50°C for 1 hour previously. The mode of Jv lim changes, as a function of operating temperature, differed according to pH or temperature hysteresis of whey.View full abstractDownload PDF (1321K) -
Koji OHSHIMA, Shinichi MATSUO1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 937-945
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, the mammalian pineal gland has been demonstrated to be a photoneuro-endocrine transducer.In this study, histological changes with age in the pineal glands of the domestic goat and the Japanese serow were examined by means of light and electron microscopy.The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The pineal glands of the goat and the Japanese serow are attached to the midline of the roof of the diencephalon by a stalk. The pineal gland of the goat is egg or pear-shaped and that of the Japanese serow is oval-shaped. 2) The pinealocytes have round nuclei about 6-8μm in diameter, and make up the majority of both the pineal parenchyma of the goat and the Japanese serow. The pinealocytes have large lipid droplets but sometimes contain crystalline structures in a 90-day-old goat and a small number of dense-cored vesicles in the adult goat. However, they show few distinct changes in structure with increasing age. 3) The glial cells of the goat and the Japanese serow are relatively large and pale, forming groups of two or three adjacent to the perivascular space.In the adult goats, they have deeply invaginated nuclei and a large number of glial filaments and secondary lysosome or lypofuschin-like large dense bodies in their cytoplasm. 4) With increasing age, the pigment-containing cells in the pineal gland of the goat increase in number, whereas the nerve cells decrease. However, pigment-containing cells are scarcely observed in the pineal gland of the Japanese serow.In the perivascular space of the pineal gland of a 10-day-old goat, PAS-positive cells are observed, which morphologically resemble the Purkinje cells in the conducting system of the heart. 5) In most cases, large intercellular spaces and reticular structures having extremely low celldensity are observed in the pineal parenchyma of the goat and the Japanese serow. Occasionally, large cysts lined with ependyma-like cells are found in the pineal gland of the Japanese serow.View full abstractDownload PDF (4871K) -
Matanobu ABE, Takashi ABE, Tsunenori IRIKI1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 946-953
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of food intake in calves before and after early weaning, two experiments were done in a similar manner using Holstein male calves of about one week of age.Eighteen (in Expt.1) and fourteen (in Expt.2) animals, repectively, were divided into two groups.600g of milk-replacer were given per head per day to one group, and 300g to the other, for five weeks in both experiments.Pelleted concentrate and rice straw were given ad libitum to all calves from the start of each experiment, and consumption of this solid food, blood pH and serum concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and urea-nitrogen (BUN) were determined every week for ten weeks in each experiment.The results obtained are as follows: 1) The average daily concentrate intake increased from ca.0.1% of body weight in the 1st week to ca.3.3% in the 10th week of both experiments, showing a remarkable increase in the 4th week and two weeks immediately after weaning.2) The average daily intake of rice straw increased from ca.0.05% to ca.0.5% of body weight in ten weeks, but the only noticeable increase was observed in the 3rd week in both experiments.3) The daily intake of concentrate during suckling was higher in the group given 300g milkreplacer per head per day, but there was little difference between the groups in the consumption of concentrate after weaning or of rice straw throughout the experiment.4) The blood pH of both groups in Expt.1 increased at the end of the 3rd week and after the end of the 7th week, but no definite tendency was detected in Expt.2.5) Blood glucose concentration tended to be higher in calves fed 300g milk-replacer per day.It decreased at the end of the 3rd week, and increased after weaning in both groups of each experiment. 6) The concentration of FFA decreased markedly at the end of the 3rd week, then increased up to the end of the 6th week, and again decreased at the end of the 7th week. The BUN concentration, which was highest at the end of the 1st week, decreased steadily until weaning, and in Expt.2, it increased temporarily at the end of the 7th week. These results are considered to support the energostatic theory as the main mechanism controlling food intake in calves before and after early weaning.View full abstractDownload PDF (1179K) -
Takuro OIKAWA, Kouki KYAN1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 954-960
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYearly carcass trait trends were investigated via field carcass records to monitor genetic improvement in Japanese Black steers. Mean carcass weight showed a downward trend during the period from 1977 to 1982 (birth year of steers), whereas there was no obvious trend in DCG (daily carcass gain), rib eye area, marbling score or carcass grade.Coefficients of variation for marbling score and carcass grade were large, and the trend in carcass grade moved consis-tently upward from 1977 to 1982.These results suggest a shift in grade from 2nd to 3rd grade.It was thought that genetic trends were consistently improved in DCG, marbling score and carcass grade.The genetic trends in carcass weight and rib eye are area moved upward in the early period but were almost constant in later stages.The least-squares means of year effect in rib eye area were virtually constant during the period covered in this study, whereas the trends derived via least-squares means for carcass weight and DCG were slightly downward.The trends in marbling score and carcass grade were consistently downward.Consequently, genetic improvement was successfully achieved in marbling score and carcass grade, although negative environmental effects seem to hide these upward genetic trends.The genetic trends in carcass weight and rib eye area need to be monitored further, because their recent progress was lower.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Hajime MIYAMOTO, Takehiko ISHIBASHI, Sakae NAKANO1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 961-968
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbstract The distribution of 17 β- 3α-, 20α-, 20b-and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD) was studied histochemically in the ovary from the crossbred of pig × wild boar at different stages of the estrous cycle and prepuberty.A weak 17β-HSD activity with estradiol-17β as substrate was observed in the theca interna and granulosa cells of antral follicles throughout the estrous cycle and at prepuberty. A weak activity of this enzyme was also found in the corpus luteum at metestrus and diestrus. The results indicate that these cells play a role in estrogen synthesis.A weak 3 α-HSD activity was present in the interstitial tissue and the theca interna of antral follicles, with more reaction in follicles over 5 mm in diameter, suggesting the capacity of these cells to synthesize androgens.A weak 20β-HSD activity was found in the corpus luteum and a very weak activity in the theca interna and granulosa cells of antral follicles, suggesting the likelihood of these structures contributing to the progesterone metabolism.A weak 11 β-HSD activity was found only in the corpus luteum and no 20 α-HSD activity in the ovary.View full abstractDownload PDF (2264K) -
Hisashi HAMADA, Shinji MURAYAMA, Yoshiyuki SASAKI1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 969-977
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of adrenocortical hormones for the maintenance of plasma glucose levels in ruminants was evaluated in adrenalectomized (ADX) sheep under both fed and fasted conditions. Plasma glucose levels were compared between ADX sheep with glucocorticoid therapy (GC-treated ADX group) and without therapy (untreated ADX group) at fed state in Expt. 1, and between these ADX groups and intact sheep (intact group) at fasted state in Expt. 2. The therapeutic effectiveness of glucocorticoids on hypoglycemic ADX sheep was examined at fasted state in Expt. 3. At the fed state, untreated ADX group maintained plasma glucose levels at 90% of those observed in GC-treated ADX group in Expt. 1 (P<0.001). In contrast, plasma glucose levels of untreated ADX group were lowered to less than 60% of the pre-fasting levels at the 3 rd day of fasting. In GC-treated ADX group, plasma glucose levels remained at the highest of all groups until 15 days of fasting. The intact and GC-treated ADX sheep in Expt. 2 did not show any hypoglycemic sign during the fasted period, but all of untreated ADX sheep showed clear hypoglycemic signs. When glucocorticoid was administrated to the hypoglycemic sheep, the levels of plasma glucose increased and recovery from hypoglycemia was observed in Expt. 3. From these results, it was concluded that glucocorticoids were essential for the maintenance of plasma glucose levels under fasted conditions in ruminants, but not at fed state.View full abstractDownload PDF (1048K) -
Seiyu KATO, Hiroyuki ENDO, Ayako KUNINORI, Hitoshi MINEO, Jun-ichi USH ...1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 978-984
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of intravenous injection of pentagastrin on the pancreatic exocrine secretion in sheep was examined comparing with the response to CCK-8. In concious sheep, the intravenous injection of pentagastrin resulted in significant increases of protein concentration and amylase activity without increase of flowrate, while CCK-8 increased all of flow rate, protein concentration and amylase activity. Pentagastrin showed the increasing effect of pancreatic exocrine secretion also in anesthetized and pylorus-ligated sheep. Pentagastrin had less effect than CCK-8 in the maximal outputs of protein and amylase both in concious and anesthetized sheep. These results indicate that pentagastrin has a stimulating effect to the pancreatic acinar cells without the mediation of intestinal phase, but this effect is smaller than that of CCK-8.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
Osamu ITO, Shinichi KAMADA, Shuji YAMANO, Norihide KAKI-ICHI, Masanori ...1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 985-986
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
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Takahiro TOBA, Susumu ABE, Susumu ADACHI1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 987-990
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
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Akio MIYAMOTO, Motoaki UMEZU, Shinichi ISHII, Tadashi FURUSAWA, Junji ...1987 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 991-994
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (365K)
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