Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 59, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Shinya TSUDA, Masaharu KOTANI, Tatsuro SHIMAOKA, Kazuei TANAKA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chromosomes of domestic goat (Capra hircus) were analized in detail by high-resolution chromosome G-banding technique and studied the efficiency of this analysis. The results obtained were as follows: 1) It was compared with chromosomes in metaphase and prophase by G-banding technique. Number of all bands in haproid set were recognized 206 bands at mid metaphase (MM), 269 bands at early metaphase (EM) and 353 bands at pro metaphase (PM). 2) Percentages of chromosomes length in each stages were measured 141% at EM and 156% at PM that values obtained at MM were expressed as 100%. 3) Chromosome No. 1, 7 and X were observed that banding patterns among each stages were small differentation. 4) Chromosomes at late prophase were not able to harvest. From the above facts, it was harvested more clearly karyotype on high-resolution chromosome G-banding pattern than chromosome G-banding pattern at metaphase. We supposed that it came effect for identification of chromosomes and some genetic analyses.
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  • Masahiro NUMATA, Takahiro FUKE, Sayuri HASHIMOTO, Toyoo NAKAMURA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 12-22
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mold-fermented salami sausages (M. F. S. S.) were prepared by using Penicillium miczynskii and Lactobacillus plantarum strain TF-1 as starter cultures. And also salami sausages with L. plantarum TF-1 only (F. S. S.), and no starter cultures (S. S.) were prepared, respectively. To study the production of distinctive aroma of M. F. S. S., water activity, pH and biological change influenced by the presence of starter cultures during aging and drying were investigated as compared with those of F. S. S. and S. S. The result obtained can be summerized as follows. 1) In early stage of aging and drying process, it was found that lactic acid bacteria in the S. S. rapidly increased to be predominant. On the other hand, Staphylococcus and lactic acid bacteria which could not grow in aerobic culture with standard plate agar but grow in anaerobic culture with L. B. S. media dominated at the surface and internal part of S. S., respectively in later stage. 2) L. plantarum TF-1 was predominant in F. S. S. until the 30th day and in M. F. S. S. until the 40th day, but rapidly decreased later. 3) Water activity of M. F. S. S. slowly decreased as compared with those of F. S. S. and S. S., and it was suggested that the mycelial coat of P. miczynskii on the surface of M. F. S. S. had a tendency to regulate moisture loss. 4) No effect to the viable bacterial count and flora, except water activity resulting from growth of P. miczynskii was observed in the surface of M. F. S. S. 5) As a result of sensory evaluation, it was recognized that M. F. S. S. surface showed a distinctive aroma on the 10th day and its strength increased by the 15th day ; the same strength was kept later. 6) Fermented vegetable-like aroma formed in F. S. S. and the internal part of M. F. S. S. and fermented vinegar-like one in S. S. were observed on the 5th day, and those fermented like aroma could not change essentially after that. 7) These results suggest that fungal function is indispensable to produce the distinctive aroma of M. F. S. S., P. miczynskii isolated from commerical M. F. S. S. has its function and the change in bacterial flora at the later of aging and drying process has little effect upon the produc-tion of these aroma.
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  • Yoshiyuki SASAKI, Yotaro SASAE
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 23-30
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To find the most appropriate model for sire evaluation by the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), an investigation was done using the 2, 208 records of fattened Japanese Black steers which were shipped from Oita prefecture to MATSUBARA Carcass Market during 1980 to 1983. The least squares analysis of variance was done by the program LSMLMW written by HARVEY (1985). Twenty three sires which had more than 10 progeny were evaluated by the BLUP of a semi-reduced animal model in which the evaluated animal and the recorded animal were completely separated. In terms of residual variance and predicted error variance (PEV), an appropriate model was chosen. A model including maternal grandsire without grouping of sires appeared to be superior to models which include grouping of sires. Fattening farms on a small scale had better be excluded, while all sires should be included even if they had one progeny.
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  • Tsunenori IRIKI, Yuko NAKAMURA, Kiyomi YAGIOKA, Matanobu ABE
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 31-38
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Based on the presupposition that the susceptibility of feed proteins to rumen-bypass increases in the order of A, B and C when their properties of degradation in the rumen are classified into the above three types, this study aims to examine the effects of differ-ences in the degradation properties of protein in concentrate diets containing CP at a 14% or 12% level on the growth and the nitrogen (N) balance of 3 to 6 month old Holstein male calves. Two growth trials were conducted under the condition of ad libitum feeding of a concentrate diet and rice straw, and by allotting two types of diets containing the same level of CP to two groups of seven calves each in one trial. Comparisons were made between A-and BC-type diets containing CP at a 14% level in trial 1, and at a 12% level in trial 2, but no significant difference was detected in body weight gain, feed per gain, and CP consumption per gain between the types of diet at both CP levels. The N balance trial was executed in a 4×4 Latin square design by allotting four diets similar to those used in growth trials to four calves initially weighing an average 114 kg. Daily rations which consisted of 88% concentrate diet and 12% rice straw were restricted to 3% of body weight. As a result, the proportion of N excreted into feces was significantly higher for the A-type diet with CP at a 14% level (P<0.05), while that of N excreted into urine was significantly higher for the BC-type diet with CP at a 12% level (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of retained N to N intake among the four diets, but the proportion of retained N to apparently-absorbed N was significantly lower for the A-type diet with CP at a 14% level than for the two diets with CP at a 12% level (P<0.05). Also it tended to be higher for the BC-type diet than for the A-type diet at the level of 14% CP. Concentrations of serum urea-N (SUN) were higher at the 14% level of CP than at the 12% level not only in the N balance trial but also in the growth trial. Comparing SUN concentrations at the same CP level, the trend was for the BC-type diet to be higher than the A-type diet at a 14% level of CP, but there was rather a small tendency for the A-type diet at a 12% level of CP to be slightly higher. In the N balance trial, in which concentrations of plasma free amino acids were determined, a significant increase in leucine (P<0.05) as well as an obvious decrease in lysine were detected when BC-type diets were fed at both CP levels.
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  • Meiji ZEMBAYASHI, Hajime NABETA, Takeshi MOTOTSUJI
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 39-48
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Intramuscular lipid content in eight muscles from every Japanese Black steers of 2 strains, which differed mainly in growth potential, 31 and 35 heads respectively, and Holstein steers of 16 heads, and also in 7 muscles from every 37 Japanese Shorthorn steers, were analized by extracting method using diethyl-ether. Intramuscular lipid content in the muscles of Japanese Black were greater than the other two breeds, but the differences of that content between Japanese Shorthorn and Holstein, and between 2 strains of Japanese Black were not significant. Lipid contents in almost all muscles of Japanes Black fattened on medium-high nutritional plane were higher than those fattened on high plane. But, in the case of Japanese Shorthorn, the difference between the two nutritional planes was not significant in all muscles. As the relative growth coefficients of intramuscular lipid weight to total dissected carcass fat weight were not greater than 1.0 in almost all muscles of all breeds, the growth of intramuscular lipid is seemed to mature earlier than that of carcass dissectable fat. The lipid deposition in muscles are positively related to the degree of fat deposition in carcass, but as the variation of intra-muscular lipid content among cattle were large, especially in case of Japanese Black and Holstein, it is dificult to estimate the degree of intramuscular lipid deposition by the fatness of cattle. To estimate intramuscular lipid content in M. longissimus thoracis, maturity ratio, slaughter age and total dissected fat percentage of steer were used as independent variables for stepwise regression procedure. The variables which entered into the model at the 0.15 significance level differed mainly according to the nutritional plane and/or carcass fat deposition levels. In the case of fast grown steers fattened on high plane, slaughter age was the main variable and in the case of rather long term fattened steers on medium-high plane and/or steers which had rather low carcass fat percentages as Holstein fattened even on high plane, total dissected carcass fat percentage was the main variable in every breed, respectively.
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  • Takeshi TSUCHIYA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 49-53
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The C-cells in the internal parathyroid glands (PGsIV) of 13 goats aged from 1 day to 3 years old were examined by the immunohistochemical method. The PGsIV were found in the thyroid glands of 12 out of 13 goats. They were located medially in the middle region of the thyroid gland. The C-cells in the PGsIV were found in 9 out of 12 goats, and were located mainly in the periphery of the PGsIV. The proportion of C-cells to parathyroid cells was low (0.2-0.8%). C-cells were not observed in the thymic tissues, either in the thyroid glands of 2 out of 13 goats or in the external parathyroid glands. PGsIV occur-rence in thyroid glands and the C-cell occurrence in the PGsIV did not vary with age.
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  • Mitsuru MITSUMOTO, Tadayoshi MITSUHASHI, Yoshihiro YAMASHITA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 54-60
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was conducted to investigate the differences in colors and the total pigment contents of eleven major beef muscles and to ascertain their relations to age. The following eleven muscles were dissected from carcasses of twenty-eight Japanese Black steers: M. biceps femoris, M. gluteus medius (GM), M. vastus latelalis (VL), M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. psoas major (PM), M. latissimus dorsi (LA), M. longissimus thoracis (LT), M. longissimus lumborum (LL), M. triceps brachii (caput longum) and M. supraspinatus (SS). The samples were analyzed for color values, in terms of lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), hue angle (Θ), saturation of chromaticity (√a2+b2) and the total pigment contents. Results indicated that color values and the total pigment contents differed among eleven major beef muscles. L values of VL, LA and SS decreased with increasing age, though their a, b and √a2+b2 values did not change. On the other hand, L values of GM, PM, LT and LL did not change with increasing age, though their a, b and √a2+b2 values increased. In overall muscles, the coefficient of variations of b value was the largest among color values and the total pigment contents negatively correlated to L values. In each muscle, the total pigment contents increased with age, although L value of LT did not change with age. This result suggests that the influence of marbling on L value and that of pigment contents on it might be counterbalanced with each other in LT. It is assumed that the meat color of LT would reach the range of desirable beef color after 22 months of age.
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  • Kazuyuki MORIYA, Mikinori TSUIKI, Shinji MURAYAMA, Yoshiyuki SASAKI
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 61-66
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Factors affecting plasma glucose, insulin and cortisol levels were surveyed and the reliability of their repeated measurements was examined, using twenty nine progeny (steers and heifers) of two different bulls of the Japanese Black Cattle. Blood samples were taken at 10:00 a.m. in three consecutive days within one month before the end of performance testing. Plasma glucose, insulin and cortisol levels were determined and the reliability for these traits was calcu-lated using the variance components. From the results of analysis of variance, the effect of sire was significant for plasma glucose and insulin levels and the effect of progeny within sire was significant for all traits. The reliabilities of the mean of three repeated measurements for plasma glucose, insulin and cortisol were 0.801, 0.435 and 0.612, respectively. From the results of this study, it is suggested that an inherent value exist in these plasma levels and the inherent level seems to be confirmed by the mean of three repeated measurements, under the presented sampling procedure.
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  • Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA, Hideo YANO
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 67-74
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The experiment was to investigate the changes of physical traits and enzyme activities in the femur and the change of thyroid hormones in blood serum after heat exposure in growing rats. Wistar strain male rats aged 6 weeks were divided into two groups and placed in temperature controlled rooms; ambient temperature 24° (group C) and 34° (group H). On days 6, 12 and 18 from the beginning of experiment, blood and femur samples were collected from every rat. The blood samples were analyzed thyroid hormone concentrations and the femur samples were measured alkaline and acid phosphatase activities and physical traits. The elongation of the femur was not affected but the growth in width was retarded at high ambient temperature. Bone alkaline phosphatase activity dropped substantially at the beginning of heat exposure and then became stable, while bone acid phosphatase activities were lower in group H than in group C throughout the experimental period. The changes of bone enzyme activities indicate that the retardation of bone growth in width might be related to the reduction of mineralization at the beginning of heat exposure and the following bone resorption. Thyroxine (T4), riiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine concentrations in blood serum were lower in group H than in group C. The ratio of T3 to T4 was not changed by heat exposure.
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  • Yoshiaki TERASHIMA, Shizuka MATSUNOBU, Tetsuo YANAGISAWA, Hiroshi ITOH
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 75-81
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Four wethers were subjected to four diet treatments for 7-10 days in a 4×4 latin square design to determine calcium mobilization in hypomagnesemic sheep fed on a low magnesium and/or high potassium diet. The diet treatments were a normal diet, low magnesium diet, high potassium diet and low magne-sium/high potassium diet. On the final day of each diet feeding period, the intravenous infusion of EDTA solution at a rate of 0.263mmol/kg body weight was performed for 60 min to determine calcium mobilization during the infusion period. Mean plasma magnesium levels in animals receiving the low magne-sium, high potassium and low magnesium/high potassium diets were 0.55, 0.74 and 0.61mmol/l, respectively. They were significantly lower than those of the control diet fed-sheep. Diet treatments did not affect plasma calcium and potassium concentrations. Plasma-ionized calcium concentrations linearly de-creased during the EDTA infusion in all groups. The rate of decrease in ionized calcium tended to be greater in hypomagnesemic sheep compared with those of the control sheep. The mean calcium mobilization rates in the control, lowmagnesium, high potassium and low magnesium/high potassium diet-fed sheep during the EDTA infusion period were 4.98mmol, 3.83mmol, 3.23mmol and 3.58mmol, respectively. These results suggest that hypomagnesemic sheep whichare induced by the consumption of a low magnesium and/or high potassuim diet, could be susceptible to hypocalcemia due to depressed calcium mobilization.
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  • Keiji IGOSHI, Shuichi KAMINOGAWA, Kunio YAMAUCHI
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 82-92
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The proteinase in Gouda-type cheese, which was ripened for 5 months, was purified by a combination of DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150. The enzyme was purified about 700 fold with a yeild of 5.3%, and showed homogeneity in disc electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.0, and had a temperature optimum at about 30° with a molecular weight of 230, 000. The enzyme was activated by Co2+ and Mn2+, inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 1, 10-phenathrolin, and strongly affected by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and diisopropyl-fluorophosphate. The enzyme could degrade β-and κ-casein, but had very little effect on αs1-casein. Since the mobility of the decomposed products from β-casein by the enzyme were similar to those of the breakdown products found in ripening cheese, the enzyme may play an important role in casein breakdown during ripening.
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  • T. NAGASAWA, H. UEDA, R. ONODERA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 93-94
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • M. OSHIMA, T. YOSHIDA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 95-98
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Keisuke KATOH, Makoto NAKAMURA
    1988 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 99-103
    Published: January 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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