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Volume 59, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Tatsuo NAKAHARA1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 107-116
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Shinichi KUME, Mitsunori KURIHARA, Shigeo TAKAHASHI, Takamitsu AII1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 117-122
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour lactating Holstein cows were housed in two independently controlled climatic rooms, where the temperature was kept at 18°C and the relative humidity was maintained at 60% constantly. Lactating cows were fed concentrate, beet pulp, Fall Panicum silage, and corn silage and the ratio of roughage to concentrate was 1:1. The experiment was done by Youden square design for 2 weeks per treatment, in which 4 feeding levels (0, 30, 50 and 70% of the total roughage DM) of Fall Panicum silage were provided. Major mineral concentration in Fall Panicum silage was higher than that in corn silage, but dietary levels of major minerals were almost adequate for lactating cows. There was a significant negative correlation (P⟨.05) between Ca concentration in milk and milk yield, and also a significant negative correlation (P⟨.01) between P or Mg concentration in milk and milk yield. Also, there was a significant negative correlation (P⟨.05) between Ca retention and milk yield, and significant positive correrations (P⟨.05) between Ca absorption and P absorption and between Ca retention and P retention. It is suggested that Ca and P stores in the body of lactating cow may be utilized for their requirement at the stage of high milk yielding in order to supply the lack of Ca and P intake from the feed and at the stage of decreased milk yield Ca and P may be recovered in the body. Since Mg and Na intakes of lactating cows were higher than their requirements, Mg and Na retentions were positive. Also, K retention of lactating cows tended to decrease when corn silage was fed at high level, because K concentration in corn silage was low.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
Hiroshi FUJITA, Junichi TAKAHASHI, Sakae MATSUOKA, Manabu SOMIYA1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of comparative experiments was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of a simple respiration apparatus equipped with a ventilated hood for measuring the gas metabolism in sheep.
The apparatus consists of three main parts: (1) a ventilated hood attached to a metabolism crate, (2) a set of blowers with a gas meter, which regulates the ventilation rate and the expired air flow, and (3) a gas analyzer unit for determining the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane in a mixed air sample of fresh and expired air. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide and methane production of sheep were measured by the differences in concentration of each gas between fresh and sampled air multiplied by the ventilation rate.
Accuracy test by burning a measured quantity of methanol in the apparatus revealed that the measured values of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production agreed closely with the predicted ones.
In comparison with the measurements of gas metabolism in sheep obtained from the chamber system, the ventilated hood system tended to give somewhat lower values in gas metabolism but there were no significant differences in these and the estimated values of heat production between two systems. The ventilated hood system is found to fullfil satisfactorily the following requisites: (1) the possibility of measuring the gas metabolism in sheep naturally, without any appreciable restricting or distorting effects on the behavior of the animals, (2) the disirability of the system so as to ensure expeditious measurements in responding to the respiratory exchange in animals, and (3) the possibility of continuous measurement for a long-term respiration experiment.
Evidence obtained from the present experiments indicated that this type of apparatus should be useful for measuring the diurnal changes in gas metabolism and for determining energy expenditure in sheep.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K) -
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE, Takashi HAYASHI, Hiroshi SATO, Akira NISHIDA, Shig ...1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 130-135
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genetic improvement of average daily gain (DG) in the performance testing data of Japanese Shorthorn cattle was confirmed and field progeny testing which used steers from farms was carried out to increase the salable meat percentage in a carcass. The breeding values of DG for 13 sires were estimated from the data of 183 male progeny by HENDERSON'S BLUP including a relationship matrix. These progeny data were gathered from performance testing carried out from 1974 to 1985 under the same feeding and management conditions in a test station. The regression coefficient of DG breeding value for the sire's birth year was +10.6g/year (p⟨0.05) and that of the DG phenotypic value for the testing year was +30.1g/year (p⟨0.01).
Carcass data for field progeny testing were collected from 1, 009 steers slaughtered from September 1985 to January 1986. Subcutaneous fat thickness at three positions (FA1-FA3), rib eye area (REA) and marbling score (MBS) were measured at the section between 5th and 6th rib. Means and standard deviations were 25.7±6.5mm for FA1, 21.9±6.2mm for FA2, 16.3±4.9mm for FA3, 40.2±5.1cm2 for REA and 0.33±0.21 for MBS. Measurements of fat thickness and MBS showed positive asymmetrical distribution.
An equation of multiple regression was obtained with the carcass data of 17 steers in order to estimate salable meat weight (SMW) from carcass weight (CW), total fat thickness of FA 1, FA 2 and FA 3 (FATL) and REA.
SMW (kg)=0.492×CW(kg)-0.280×FATL(mm)+0.488×REA(cm2)+33.31 (R=0.95)
When individual values of FATL, REA and 340kg as CW were substituted into this equation, the mean for SMW was 202.6kg and the range was from 186.0 to 218.0kg.
Expected progeny difference (EPD) on the carcass traits of 26 sires was estimated from the data for 237 progeny carcasses by HENDERSON'S BLUP without a relationship matrix. The ranges of EPD were-6.0-+12.1mm for FATL, -3.0-+2.9cm2 for REA and-0.10-+0.21 for MBS. When EPD for the FAIL and REA of each sire and 340kg as CW were substituted into the equation, SMW ranged from 197.9 to 203.9kg.
High heritabilites on FATL, REA and MBS and desirable genetic correlations between them for simultaneous improvement were obtained. Since subcutaneous fat thickness follows positive asymmetrical distribution, a rapid decrease in mean fat thickness can be expected by culling the sires which produce carcasses with extremely thick subcutaneous fat in their progeny. The reduction of fat thickness also increase the salable meat percentage in a carcass.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Masahiro NUMATA, Takahiro FUKE, Yoshihiko SUITANI, Sayuri HASHIMOTO, H ...1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 136-145
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree types of salami sausages prepared with Penicillium miczynskii and Lactobacillus plantarum strain TF-1 (M. F. S. S.), with L. plantarum strain TF-1 only (F. S. S.) as starter cultures and with no starter culture (S. S.) were used to study the production of distinctive flavor and aroma characteristics of M. F. S. S. Chemical changes in M. F. S. S. by fungal reactions during aging and drying process were investigated as compared with those in F. S. S. and S. S.
The results obtained can be summerized as follows.
1) The major constituents of free amino acids in the initial samples were Tau, Gln, Ala and Gly. Amounts of free amino acids in M. F. S. S. and F. S. S. linearly increased during aging and drying process whereas those in S. S. increased until the 20th day and slightly decreased thereafter. The major free amino acids responsible for this increase were Glu, Leu, Lys and Ala in all samples.
2) There were no significant differences among S. S., F. S. S. and M. F. S. S. in the change of ammonia contents.
3) The contents of free amino acids and ammonia in the internal part of samples generally tended to be higher than those in the surface of samples.
4) HPLC showed that only one peak of peptide was found in all samples and its molecular weights were ca. 800 daltons. No change of HPLC pattern during aging and drying process was observed.
5) Amount of free fatty acids in the surface of M. F. S. S. remarkably increased as compared with other samples. This change of M. F. S. S. surface was very rapid in the first 10 days, slowly in 10 days after that and was not observed later. The major free fatty acids responsible for this increase were C16:0 and C18:1. However no significant difference among all samples existed in the constituents of free fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Shin OKAMOTO, Yoshizane MAEDA, Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 146-151
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to clarify the chromosome number, and the karyotype of four species of jungle fowl. It was observed that there was no difference in chromosome number and karyotype between the Red jungle fowl, the Grey jungle fowl, the Ceylonese jungle fowl and the Green jungle fowl. The metaphase cells had 78 chromosomes, and were divided into 11 pairs of macrochromosomes and 28 pairs of microchromosomes. This study suggests that the chromosome number and karyotype of these jungle fowls are almost the same as those of a chicken, which has been reported elsewhere.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Tadahiko HOSHINO1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 152-160
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of fat deposition on the cross section of a dressed carcass via the automated morphometry of an image analyzer. Six Japanese Black (JB), six Japanese Shorthorn (JN) and three crossbred steers (F1) were used to compare the fat depositions under the same nutritional plan of concentrate diet. The image analysis was conducted by using the macrosystem of the image analyzer, a Leitz TAS plus, on color pictures of the cross section between the 5th and 6th rib of a cooled carcass. The mean percentage area of intermuscular fat was greater in JN and F1 steers than in JB steers. No difference was detected in the amount of muscle between the three steer breeds. In contrast, the amount of intramuscular fat in the rib-eye muscle of JB steers was larger than that of JN and F1 steers, which indicates that the meat quality of JB steers was better than that of JN and F1 steers. Thus, it was demonstrated that the system was a useful tool for determining the content of intramuscular fat in the carcass.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA, Tohru MATSUI, Hideo YANO1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 161-166
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of heat exposure on matrix-induced endochondral bone formation was examined in rats. Wistar strain male rats aged 7 weeks were divided into 2 groups and placed in a temperature controlled room; ambient temperature 24°C (group C) and 34°C (group H). The animals in both groups were given the same amount of feed. Demineralized bone matrix, prepared from the diaphysis of rat tibia and femur, was intramuscularly implanted into abdominal site of experimental animals. The plaques were harvested on day 7, 14 and 21 after the implantation. They were histologically observed and measured enzyme activities and Ca contents.
Alkaline phosphatase activities in the plaques tended to be lower in group H than in group C on day 14 and 21. Acid phosphatase activities were lower in group H than in group C throughout the experimental period. These changes suggested that bone mineralization and resorption might be reduced at high ambient temperature. It was shown histologically that bone marrow formation was retarded though the induction of chondrocyte was not influenced by heat exposure. The retardation of bone marrow formation in hot environment might be owing to the depressed bone remodeling because alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the plaques tended to be suppressed by heat exposure.View full abstractDownload PDF (870K) -
Takao MUKAI, Takahiro TOBA, Takatoshi ITOH, Susumu ADACHI1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 167-176
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of kefiran from kefir grains was reinvestigated, because 6-O-substituted galactose was detected in methylated derivatives of kefiran, which was not expected to occur from the structure proposed by KOOZMAN3). Hydrolysis of kefiran with Trichoderma reesei cellulase released only glucose and a pentasaccharide. By methylation analysis and 13C-n. m. r. spectroscopy, the pentasaccharide structure was elucidate (1 as β-D-Glc-(1→2)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-α-D-Gal-(1 →3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Glc, and this coincided with the structure proposed by KOOIMAN3). However, methylation analysis of kefiran itself and 13C-n. m. r. spectra suggested the presence of an additional structure including 6-O-substituted galactose. Kefiran is considered to be constructed not only by the structure proposed by KOOIMAN3) but also by another repeating unit including 6-O-substituted galactose.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
T. TSUCHIYA, T. HOSHINO1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 177-179
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Soichi Tsuji, Noboru CHIHARA1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 180-182
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Tsunenori IRIKI, Yasuhiro SAKAIRI, Machiko HANASAKI, Matanobu ABE1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 183-185
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Koji TAKAHASHI, Kunio SHIRAI, Keizo WADA1988 Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 186-188
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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