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Volume 62, Issue 10
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Kuniji YAMAKI, Yoichirou SAGAE1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 925-932
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe development and reproduction of four sheep breeds, Suffolk(SF), Cheviot(CH), Poll Dorset(PD) and Southdown(SD) at Takikawa Livestock Research Station in Hokkaido were investigated to estimate growth traits and their genetic parameters. Data were accumulated from 1982 to 1984 for growth analysis from a total of 1, 421 lambs. All body weight data were corrected by computing linear interpolation.The growth curves of these breeds were almost parallel in the sequence SF>PD>CH>SD. SF body size was equivalent to that of SF in New Zealand, but CH and SD were smaller. This shows that genetic improvement of the body size advanced with reproductive performance especially in the SF breed. Birth weight, weaning weight and preweaning gain of SF significantly deviated from other breeds. It also showed very effective nursing ability when lambs that were lambed as triplet were put in to nurse. Ewes, from four to six years of age, have maximum performance in reproduction and growth of lambs. In SF, heritability of birth weight, preweaning gain and 14-month weight were 0.130±0.060, 0.340±0.113 and 0.660±0.223, respectively, and increased in value with advancing age. Genetic correlations between birth weight and preweaning gain, weaning weight and 14-month weight, weaning weight and postweaning gain were 0.322±0.281, 0.430±0.265and -0.302±0.289, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Akihito OZAWA, Kouichi HODATE, Susumu MIYAMOTO, Fumihiro OHTANI, Toshi ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 933-938
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and growth hormone(GH) in four Holstein-dairy heifers were measured. Secretory patterns of IGF-I for 24 hours were less pulsatile than those of GH. Individually calculated average concentrations of plasma GH of heifers for 24 hours were 3.1±2.2, 5.0±4.3, 7.0±6.0 and 9.5±1.1.7ng/ml, whereas 24 hour average concentrations of IGF-I for the corresponding heifers were 34.3±5.5, 36.5±6.7, 41.2±11.0 and 48.6±6.1ng/ml respectively. Heifers with higher averages of plasma GH for 24 hours showed higher averages of plasma IGF-I. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-I for dairy heifers were also measured after a single subcutaneous injection(500μg/kgBW) of recombinant DNA derived bovine growth hormone(rbGH). Plasma GH levels increased to peak around 4-6 hours(154±47ng/ml at 4 hours, and 155±56ng/ml at 6 hour safter rbGH injection) and they recovered to basal levels within 32 hours after the injection. Plasma IGF-I concentrations began to increase 6 hours after the rbGH injection and statistical higher levels(p<0.05, comparing with preinjection) were observed during 10-72 hours after injection.View full abstractDownload PDF (413K) -
Mitsuto MATSUMOTO, Takeru KOBAYASHI, Hisao ITABASHI1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 939-946
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of rumen ciliate protozoa on urinary allantoin excretion were studied. We adopted the assumption that urinary allantoin excretion is proportional to the microbial protein absorbed in the small intestine. Two trials, each using six castrated Japanese Saanen goats, were performed. Three of the goats were unfaunated from birth(U-goats), and three were inoculated with mixed protozoa from adult goats(F-goats). Urinary allantoin excretion tended to be higher in the U-goats than in the F-goats. In the U-goats, allantoin excretion was proportional to digestible organic matter(DOM) intake when the DOM was considered the limiting factor for microbial protein synthesis. When nitrogen(N) was considered the limiting factor, the increased supply of urea N resulted in higher urinary allantoin excretion. The urinary allantoin excretion/DOM intake and urinary allantoin/creatinine ratios showed the same tendencies. In the F-goats, on the other hand, urinary allantoin excretion was not affected by increases in urea N intake. This clearly shows that ciliate protozoa decrease the amount of microbial proteins absorbed in the small intestine, particularly when non-protein N is given as the N source.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Hiroshi FUJITA, Sakae MATSUOKA, Junichi TAKAHASHI, Noboru KUMASE1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 947-954
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFourteen pairs of hay and silage made from the first cut grasses of predominantly orchardgrass swards were used to study the relationship between ruminal protein degradability and chemical composition of conserved forages. On the basis of overall results of in situ degradation trials in which the time-lapse changes in ruminal degradability of forage protein were measured, correlation and regression analyses were carried out between degradability value and the contents of general chemical components to assess whether chemical composition can effectively be utilized for predicting protein degradability. For both hay and silage, dg value(in situ degradability of protein at 90% of dry matter disappeared) was highly and negatively correlated with the content of fibrous components: the simple correlation coefficient being highest with crude fiber for hay(r=-0.927) and with NDF for silage(r=-0.934). Multiple regression analyses indicated that the inclusion of crude fat for hay, and NPN for silage as variates along with the fibrous components reduced residual variation in dg value, and most variation(90.8% for hay, and 92.8% for silage) in dg could be accounted for by each pair of variates, viz. crude fiber and crude fat for hay, as well as NDF and NPN for silage. It would appear that dg value of grass hay and silage can be predicted precisely from chemical composition by an application of regression equations having a term of fibrous components as the most effective variate.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Hiroshi TANAKA, Kazutaka KURODA, Takashi OSADA, Michihiro YONAGA, Muts ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 955-962
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field survey on VFA from livestock facilities was carried out mainly on those of National Institute of Animal Industry and of two commercial pig enterprises to find out a countermeasure for reducing the evolution. VFA were analyzed by the alkali beads method of the Offensive Odor Control Law with modifications. Little odors were emitted from layer houses well managed and equipped with slats and improved watering systems and VFA were below 2.4 ppb. Whereas, in a broiler house with old newspaper bedding, the aerial VFA, especially n-butyric acid(C4) increased remarkably to reach 97.4 ppb with accumulation of litter followed by the moistening, and the aerial ammonia concentrations also increased to 20.3 ppm. In dairy barns VFA in the air were on low levels except for silage feeding time, when propionic acid(C3) andC4 increased to higher levels. In general, aerial VFA in poultry and cattle houses are assumed to stay on low levels as long as proper waste management and silage handling is performed. Pig houses of partly slatted floor structures with pit scrapers and augers or with liquid manure systems were very odorous; in the latter, VFA in the air amounted to more than a hundred ppb. In pig houses with well managed sawdust floors, however, odors and VFA were in low levels, with C3 and C4 below 5.9, 2.2 ppb resp., both in summer and in winter. No offensive odors of VFA were emitted from the waste treatment facilities investigated, except a greenhouse for drying and composting swine manure, indicating biological treatments to be effective methods in controlling VFA from animal wastes.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
Takuji SHIRAYAMA, Kohkichi UEHARA, Hiroshi OKAMURA1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 963-971
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen recycling lime-sulfide unhairing effluent, cattle hair becomes slurry-like and is very difficult to separate from the unhairing effluent. In order to easily separate hair during effluent disposal, a method was examined which provides the hair with resistivity(immunization) against sulfide. This is done by dipping hides in a calcium hydroxide solution(alkali-pretreatment) prior to unhairing which is done by recycling effluent containing sulfide. Nappa leathers were produced via the chrome tannage of wet whites obtained from pelts which were unhaired by the recycling process of unhairing effluent. The effects of the recycling process on the properties of the leather were studied. By combining the recycling process with alkali-pretreatment, the amount of sodium hydrosulfide was reduced to half the amount via the conventional process, also providing proper pelts. The water requirement was reduced by up to 75%. By pretreatment with calcium hydroxide the COD load to 1 kg of hide was reduced by 55% of the load without the alkali-pretreatment. As a result effluent filtration was simplified so that rapid operation was allowed. The Nappa leathers produced from this unhairing process were found to have the same qualities as those produced via the conventional unhairing method.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Ken-ichi KOMINE, Hiroaki OHTA, Shin-ichi KAMATA, Norihide KAKI-ICHI, H ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 972-974
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Toshio TANAKA, Hajime TANIDA, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 975-977
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Eimei SATO1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 978-989
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Seiji KUSUHARA, Katsuya MIYAKE, Go NOGUCHI1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 990-995
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the period and mechanism of the onset of osteochondrosis in pigs, changes in the articular cartilage of the distal end of the femur and epiphysial cartilage of the distal end of the ulna were observed by means of soft X-rays and by histological means during 1 to 6 months of age. Wide incomplete calcifying areas were radiographically observed in the subcartilaginous bones of the articular cartilage at 3 months old, and the epiphysial cartilage at 4 months old. Lesions including necrosis of cartilage cells were histologically observed in the articular and epiphysial cartilages at 1 month old. These lesions advanced with age. Osteochondrosis-specific symptoms, mainly incomplete ossification symptoms such as wide necrosis of cartilage cells, cracking in cartilage matrix, disappearane of subcartilaginous bones and proliferation of connective tissues, were observed in the articular cartilage at 3 months old and in the epiphysial cartilage at 4 months old. These results indicate that osteochondrosis in pigs occurs a few months after birth.View full abstractDownload PDF (1629K) -
Hiroshi SATO1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 996-999
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMilk fat, protein levels and blood metabolite concentrations were determined in 154 pair samples taken simultaneously from 34 dairy cows(more than one third of the lactation number) to clarify the relationship between blood profiles and milk constituent levels. The data were divided into 3 lactational stages; early(8-50 days postpartum; n=52), mid(100-150 days; n=50), and late(>200 days; n=52) stages of lactation. The correlations between milk fat, protein levels and blood metabolite concentrations were investigated within each stage. Milk fat level was positively correlated with plasma free fatty acid(FFA) level at the early stage, and it positively correlated with the plasma cholesterol level at the mid stage. At the lata stage, significant correlations were not observed between milk fat and blood metabolite levels. Milk protein level was correlated positively with FFA level, and it negatively correlated with the plasma glucose level at the early stage. Milk protein levels of the mid and late lactational stages were negatively correlated with plasma urea level.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Kohji MIYAZAKI, Tsuneo HINO, Hisao ITABASHI1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1000-1005
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReasons for the alterations in ruminal VFA, especially the increase in the percentages of caproate, were pursued. When mixed rumen microorganisms ere incubated with 14C-ethanol, most of 14C was incorporated into acetate and butyrate, andto a much lesser extent into valerate and caproate. Thus, it is obvious that ethanol is used to produce caproate, but there was no evidence to show that ethanol is used to form caproate more than other VFAs. Experiments with Megasphaera elsdenii, a caproate producer, showed that ethanol does not specifically enhance caproate production. Low pH, low acetate concentrations, low dilution rates, and high butyrate concentrations increased caproate production by M. elsdenii in vitro. However, it seems difficult to relate these results to the in vivo observations. Other reasons may be important: e. g., (1) Feeding ethanol increases the number or proportion of M. elsdenii or other caproate producers, and(2) Ethanol reduces reutilization of caproate in the rumen.View full abstractDownload PDF (402K) -
Makoto KANZAKI, Sueo NIIMURA, Kazuo ISHIDA1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1006-1008
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Tsuneo HIND, Takeshi IEDA, Kohji MIYAZAKI1991 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1009-1011
Published: October 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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