All issues
Volume 62, Issue 11
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Fumio MUKAI, Takafumi ISHIDA1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1015-1021
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the genetic evaluation by an animal model, effect of the amount of records and pedigree information on the accuracy of predicted breeding values and on selection responses were examined using Monte Carlo simulation, assuming sexlimited trait and overlapping generation as performance tested trait of beef cattle. Population was composed of 5 sires and 100 dams and heritability in a base generation set at 0.3. Selection on predicted breeding values continued for 7 breeding rounds. Using these selected data, the correlations between the true and predicted breeding values based on the limited information were calculated. The result indicates that the accuracy and the prediction error variance could be improved when tracing records and pedigree information back to the preceding 3, at least 2, breeding rounds. There were no differences between selection responses by the predicted breeding values based on all information available and the limited information traced back to 2 or 3 breeding rounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Arata KOGA, Tateki CHIKAMUNE, Yukio KANAI, Hideya HOMMA, Atsushi TAJIM ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1022-1028
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of heat produced and some physicochemical parameters of venous blood in swamp buffaloes were compared with those in Holstein cattle at various environmental temperatures. The amount of heat produced in both species increased with the increase of the ambient temperature from 25°C to 30°C. The rise in the environmental temperature from 30°C to 35°C caused a significant increase in heat production in cattle, but not in buffaloes. Sweating rate in buffaloes was lower than in cattle and did not change throughout the experiment. It is likely that the sweating capacity of buffaloes is low and can easily reach the physiological limit compared with that of cattle. When environmental temperatures exceeded 35°C the red blood cell counts and haemoglobin concentration decreased considerably in buffaloes, suggesting that water had diffused from the extravascular to the vascular fluid compartment in this species under the high temperature conditions. There was a higher concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the venous blood of buffaloes compared with cattle under all the environmental conditions, though the concentration decreased markedly with the increase of the temperature in both species. With the increase of the environmental temperature, the PCO2 value in venous blood gradually decreased in both species. However a resultant increase of blood pH occurred only in buffaloes. These results suggest that there were differences in the thermoregulatory responses between the species, and that the higher values of pH in buffaloes may reflect the low physiological adaptability to a hot environment in this species.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Hajime TANIDA, Kenichiro SENDA, Satoko SUZUKI, Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1029-1034
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were carried out in order to determine whether color perception exists in weanling pigs. In Exp.I, two female weaners (one Landrace × Large White and one Large White) were trained using a T-maze technique to go behind a positive stimulus color card to receive feed as a reward. Three colors, red, green and blue which have the same luminosity, were compared in a pairwise fashion. Both weaners discriminated blue from green and blue from red, but both failed to discriminate red from green. In Exp. II, two female weaners(one 1/4 Landrace × 3/4 Large White and one Duroc × Large White) were trained using an operant conditioning technique to press a switch under a positive stimulus color card with their nose to receive feed as a reward. Each of the three colors used in Exp. I. was respectively paired with gray of the same luminosity. Both weaners discrimnated blue from gray but failed to discriminate red from gray and green from gray. Results indicate that weaners are able to discriminate only blue among the three primary colors.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Takafumi NAGAMINE, Yumi HORIKAWA, Kenichiro TAKEI, Takashi NAGASAWA, R ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1035-1042
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe apparent characteristics of methionine-S-oxide reductase (EC 1.8.4.5) in the liver and kidney of cattle were compared with those of swine using slaughter house samples. Enzyme activities were found in supernatant fluids after centrifugation (100, 000×g, 60min)of liver and kidney homogenates from cattle and swine.Optimum pH values and optimum temperatures of crude enzyme solutions in both organs differed between cattle and swine, although those in both organs of swine happened to be the same. Enzyme activities in the livers of both kinds of animals were stimulated by DTT, NADH and NADPH, while those in the kidneys of both animals were not stimulated by NADH. Km values in cattle indicated that affinity of the substrate in the kidney was higher than in the liver, while km values in swine indicated that the situation was reversed. The enzyme activities of liver and kidney in cattle, determined under optimum pH and physiological temperature (39°C), were significantly (more than two times)higher than those in swine (p<0.001).View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
Tohru MATSUI, Harushige KITAGAWA, Tsutomu FUJIHARA, Tadashi HARUMOTO1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1043-1047
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe stimulative effect of elfazepam on feed intake in sheep given a concentrate-based diet was compared with that in sheep offered roughage alone. Three nonpregnant ewes were given Sudan grass hay ad libitum. They were allotted to a 3×3 Latin-square design and orally administered 0, 0.05 and 0.1mg/kg body weight of elfazepam dissolved in ethyl alcohol twice a day for 7 days. Then 2 of the 3 sheep were fed a pelleted concentrate-based diet which mainly consisted of barley and wheat bran ad libitum. They were orally administered ethyl alcohol for 5 days, and were then given 0.1mg/kg body weight of elfazepam twice a day for 7 days. Elfazepam increased feed intake in sheep fed either diet. On the other hand, the increased feed intake due to elfazepam lasted for 7 days when animals were fed the concentrate-based diet but the response to elfazepam disappeared 5 days after the initiation of elfazepam administration when animals were given roughage alone. These results suggest that the stimulative effect of elfazepam on feed intake is affected by feed. It seems that elfazepam is effective when the energy supply exceeds the requirement. Conversely, it is postulated that the action of elfazepam on feed intake is diminished when the retention time of digesta in the rumen is the factor limiting feed intake because of its suppressive effect on the passage of digesta through the gut.View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
Masahiko HIRANO, Kazuhiro HONMA, Takaki DAIMATSU, Kou HAYAKAWA, Jun OI ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1048-1054
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentrations of total biotin and free-form biotin in bovine milk have been determined by a new disc plate method. Increases in the contents of both total and free-form biotins were found in mature milk compared with colostrum. The ratio of free-form biotin to total biotin was approximately 0.81 in colostrum, and it did not change throughout lactation period studied. The activity of biotinidase in bovine milk increased during lactation as the free-form and total biotin contents gradually increased. These observations might suggest that biotinidase plays a role in keeping the ratio of free-form biotin to total biotin constant in bovine milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
Osamu HOSOMI, Akira TAKEYA, Shin YAZAWA1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1055-1061
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anti-B antibody was obtained from egg yolk of hens immunized with human B red cells. The IgY fraction which contained the anti-B antibody was isolated from egg yolk with polyethylene glycol and ethanol. The antibody was purified by a sequential use of immunoadsorbants to which H type 2 (Fucα1-2 Galβ1-4 GlcNAcβR), A trisaccharide (GalNAcα1-3 [Fucα1-2]GalβR)and B trisaccharide (Galα1-3[Fucα1-2] GalβR) were bound. The purified antibody agglutinated B and AB red cells but not A or O red cells, and its hemagglutination activity was inhibited not only by saliva samples from B and AB secretors but also by Synsorb beads bearing B trisaccharide and B-like disaccharide (Galα1-3 GalβR).View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Matanobu ABE, Tsunenori IRIKI1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1062-1064
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (200K) -
Tatsuo MURAMATSU, Nobuhiro NIWA, Naomi MORIYAMA, Mitsuhiro FURUSE, Jun ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1065-1068
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (252K) -
Yoshinori TERAWAKI, Takuro ENOKIJIMA, Kyoko FUKUI, Yoshihito ASANO, Ke ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1069-1073
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to obtain basic information which is useful for consider-ing the qualitative improvement and efficient production of frozen Holstein bull semen. In addition, this information may indicate whether seminal characteristics are worth selecting or not. The purposes of this study are 1) to evaluate the effects of place, collection interval, collection month, the bull's age and individual bulls on some characteristics of spermatozoa and 2) to estimate the repeatability of these characteris-tics. The objective characteristics in this study were the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets. The count of abnormal spermatozoa was recorded separately by each section (head, neck, mid-piece and tail) of a spermatozoon. The samples of spermatozoa used in this study were the frozen semen collected from 44 Holstein bulls located at 6 different stations in Hokkaido. The semen samples were examined once a month per bull from June 1986 to May 1987. The mean of the percentage of total abnormal spermatozoa was 9.1%. The highest percentage of morphological abnormality was recorded in mid-piece (4.2%). The percentage of spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets (1.2%) was lower than that of spermatozoa with morphological abnormality. The bull's effect was statistically significant regarding the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets (p‹0.01). On the other hand, collection interval and month had no effect on the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets (p›0.05). The highest repeatabilitiy was estimated in the percentage of detached-head spermatozoa (0.76) and the percentage of morphological abnormality in the neck (0.70). Also, repeatability for the total percentage of abnormal spermatozoa and abnormality in the mid-piece was high (around 0.55). The results of analysis of variance and repeatablity indicate that the effects of environmental factors on the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa were comparatively small and inter-bull's variation for the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was large.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Eiji KIMURA, Yasuhiro FUJIMOTO, Tsutomu SAWADA, Hiroshi MATSUNAGA, Jun ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1074-1079
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to determine whether the changes in times standing-up and standing time during the preparturient period in cows could be utilized for the estimation of the onset time of parturition. Twelve Holstein cows held on public farms in Osaka Prefecture were used.
Inspection was made on 30(±5)and 15(±3) days before the estimate time of parturition and every day from 7 days before to the day of term. The activities per day increased along with the progress of pregnancy. The maximum values were observed on days 0-1 before parturition. In particular, the changes in the nocturnal activities were larger than those in the diurnal. A significant change (P<0.05) in the nocturnal activities was observed between days 1 and 3 before the parturition. The maximum values in the nocturnal activities were as follows :the number of times standing-up and length of time standing averaged 9 per 12hr, and 6 hours and 32 min per 12hr, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Effects of Sex and Age Difference on Sex Hormone-induced Medullary Bone Formation in Japanese QuailsTakeshi TSUCHIYA1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1080-1085
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sex and age differences in sex hormone-induced medullary bone formation in 120 female and 90 male quails were histochemically investigated by an image analyser.
1. Medullary bone formation was larger in estrogen and testosterone-treated quails than in estrogen-treated females and males aged I to 4 weeks.
2. Medullary bone formation increased in male quails aged 5 to 8 weeks treated with estrogen but decreased in estrogen and testosterone-treated males.
3. Medullary bone formation was observed in untreated female quails but not in testosterone-treated females at 5 weeks of age. At 6 weeks medullary bone formation was observed in testosterone-treated female quails but to a lesser degree than in untreated females.
4. Medullary bone formation in estrogen and testosterone-treated quails was the largest of all in females 8 weeks aged.
5. Serum calcium levels increased in females aged 1 to 6 weeks and males treated with estrogen and then decreased slightly in those aged 6 to 8 weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Ichirou SUZUKI, Sakon FURUKAWA, Yukio SOMEYA, Masazumi YOSHINO1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1086-1094
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetermination was made of casein and whey proteins (α-lactalbumin, β-lacto-globulin, proteose peptone, and γ-globulin) in individual Holstein cow milk. Milksamples were obtained from herd in 3 prefectures (Hokkaido, Ibaraki and Chiba) and from an experimental herd at the National Institute of Animal Industry (Chikushi). Morning milk from each of 5 cows from each herds was collected bimonthly 6 times between Jan. to Nov. 1989 (total 120 samples). Casein number (casein % of total milk protein. casein No.) and its relation to whey protein was discussed.
Average casein No. of all samples was 76.7±21%. However avery low casein No. was observed in Chikushi herd milk (March; 67.5±1.9%), Ibaraki (Jan.; 71.6±2.2%) andChiba (July; 72.2±2.5%).
Total milk protein content in low casein No. milk was not low compared to that in high casein No. milks, thus showing low casein No. milks to contain much whey proteins.
β-Lactoglobulin is the main whey protein that compensates for lower casein contents. Proteose peptone and γ-globulin content increased was found in milk of low casein No. α-Lactalbumin content was nearly constant in all milk samples. When milk was centrifued at 1, 500×g for 30min at 5°C for skimming, 9 out of 24 herd milk samples showed more than 4% (average of 5 individual cow milks) precipitation of casein.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Haruo NEGISHI, Megumi NATUNO, Sumio YOSHIKAWA1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1095-1103
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the indices useful for estimating over extended periods the degree of aging of the beef whose postmortem aging time was not known, loins from 2 carcasses of Holstein steer of 3 days postmortem were stored for 4, 11, 14 and 31 days at 2°C. The changes of sensory properties, shear force value (SFV), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of myofibrillar proteins were examined. As results of sensory test, tenderness significantly increased on around the 11th day of storage (15 days postmortem) and flavours were also improved, but further accelerated tenderness resulted in lower palatability on the 31st day of storage. All physical and chemical properties made relatively remarkable changes until the 11th day of storage; SFV showed a tendency to decrease: MFI to increase. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, bands of 30, 000 dalton (30KD) components appeared on the 4th day of storage, and its concentration tended to gradually increase during storage after that. Since the occurrence of these changes corresponded with the periods of significant improvement in sensory properties, the effect of aging on the quality of loins was supposed to reach the maximum at this point. SFV was useful as indices of aging during the periods (the first half of aging), but unsuitable after that (the second half of aging). In comparison with the SFV, both MFI and 30KD concentrations demonstrated a tendency toward a gradual increase during the second half of aging. Thus we considered that these two properties were better indices of aging to extensively evaluate the degree of aging of beef with unclear history.View full abstractDownload PDF (1360K) -
Hiroyuki HIROOKA1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1104-1106
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (166K) -
Tadashi NAKADA, Kousaku TANAKA1991 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1107-1109
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (156K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|