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Volume 62, Issue 12
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Norihide KAKIICHI, Miki SAITO, Takashi YAYAMOTO, Shin-ichi KAMATA, Osa ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1113-1119
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn acute toxicity test for invert soap against Colpod aspera was performed by using monoxenic culture of C. aspera isolated from activated sludge and Alcaligenes faecalis IFO 13111. Four kinds of invert soap were used and those were as follows: benzethonium chloride(BTC), benzalkonium chloride(BKC), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DAC) and an equally mixed preparation of methyl dodecyl xylilene benzyl ammonium chloride, methyl dodecyl xylilene trimethyl ammonium chloride and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether(MAC+a). Evaluation of the toxicity was based on the concentration of invert soap at which the specific growth rate of C. aspera was reduced to 50% at 24 hours after the exposure to insert soap(EC50). EC50 of BTC, BKC, DAC and MAC+a were 4.31, 2.89, 1.67 and 3.84 mg/l respectively. It was presumed that in actual application, BTC, BKC, DAC and MAC+a should be diluted more than 66-, 98-, 47- and 40-fold respectively to reduce the concentrations below EC50. It was found that DAC produced the highest toxicity against C. aspera and it was followed by BKC, MAC+a and BTC in the order mentioned. On assessing the safety from the actually applicable concentrations and EC50, the highest safety was demonstrated by MAC+a followed by DAC, BTC and BKC.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
Madoka SUTOH, Yoshiaki OBARA, Susumu MIYAMOTO1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1120-1128
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of sucrose supplementation to the diet, via altered feeding frequency, on the concentrations of ruminal VFA and ammonia-N, plasma urea-N, α-NH2-N, glucose and insulin were examined. Four wethers fitted with rumen fistulas were fed lucerne hay cubes with or without sucrose, at 2 or 12 equal intervals daily. The diurnal changes of all measurements were markedly reduced with 12 times daily feeding. With twice daily feeding, ruminal pH tended to be lower in animals fed the diet with sucrose, though no difference caused by sucrose supplementation was observed with 12 times daily feeding. An ncrease in ruminal lactic acid was observed with twice daily feeding only. The supplementation of sucrose tended to increase the concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid, but not acetic acid, with both feeding frequencies. The molar ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid, which was reduced by sucrose supplementation, tended to be higher with twice daily feeding. The concentrations of ruminal ammonia-N and plasma urea-N declined in animals fed the diet containing sucrose with both feeding frequencies, while α-NN2-N and insulin tended to be higher.Plasma glucose was not affected by sucrose supplementation with either feeding frequency.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K) -
Masanori FUJITA, Chikae FUJIWARA, Sadaki YAMAMOTO1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1129-1135
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal changes in the stage of sleep-wakefulness in relation to body temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were studied using electroencepharogram on four laying hens under LD 14:10 condition. A total of 518 min of sleep was noted during 10 hr of the night. Drowsiness was observed 10 min after offset of light followed slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. These sleep phases were observed rhythmically and varied from alert-resting to deep sleep during the night, and each phase constituted 24.5%, 71.8% and 3.8% of total time for sleep respectively. No deep sleep was observed during day time except for alert-resting in the mid of light time. Due to constant feeding activity, body temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were high during day time. Except for body temperature, heart rate and respiration rate decreased significantly(p<0.01, p<0.01) after offset of light. Levels of body temperature and heart rate were fairly low and steady during the dark time. It was concluded that hens sleep most of the night in different sleep phases which occurred rhythmically. However, this rhythmic occurrences did not affect the levels of each physiological parameter examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Takeshi NARITA, Teru ISHIBASHI1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1136-1141
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of dietary L-cystine and L-arginine on arginase activity were investigated in growing rats. In Experiment 1, diets were supplemented singly or simultaneously with 0.3 or 0.6% cystine and 1.5 or 3.0% arginine and were fed ad libitum for 25 days. Supplementation with cystine increased specific liver arginase activity and improved the growth. However, liver arginase was decreased and the growth was not affected by supplementation with 3.0% arginine. Simultaneous supplementation with cystine(0.6%) and arginine(3.0%) greatly decreased liver arginase activity and improved the growth. In Experiment 2, rats were pair-fed the diets supplemented with 0.6% cystine or 3.0% arginine or both amino acids for 21 days. The diet supplemented with both cystine and arginine decreased the liver arginase activity, but the growth was not changed. These results show that supplementation with both cystine and arginine of a low casein diet markedly decreases liver arginase activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Shouji NAKAMURA, Taku MIYAMOTO, Masatoshi IZUMIMOTO, Kei KATAOKA1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1142-1148
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe non-citrate-fermenting(Cit-) mutants of Lactobacillus plantarum strain IFO 3070 were isolated and examined for their genetic and enzymatic characteristics. After their growth in broth containing either acridine orange or ethidium bromide, each culture was plated on the citrate-fermenting agar supplemented with potassium ferricyanide and ferric citrate. After the treatment with acridine orange, 1.9% of cells developed white colonies which meaned the phenotype of Cit-. On the other hand, treatment with ethidium bromide resulted in the formation of white colonies in 12.2% of cells. Two Cit- mutants, the strain 3070-5 and 3070-11, obtained from each plate, were unable to produce diacetyl and acetoin from citrate. The agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of plasmid DNA from the strain 3070-5 and 3070-11 indicated that these mutants were missing a plasmid with a molecular weight of approximately 7 Mdal. One representative Cit- mutant(3070-5) from among these was further examined for its citrate-transporting and citrate-splitting activity. Although the strain 3070-5 was unable to transport citrate into the cell, it possessed the citrate-splitting activity. These results suggest that the citrate-fermenting ability of Lb. plantarum strain IFO 3070 may be linked with a 7 Mdal plasmid, which associate with the citrate permease production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
Shinya WATANABE, Takashi AWATA, Hideaki TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi MASUDA, Hir ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1149-1152
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Tatsuo MURAMATSU, Takayuki HATANO, Mitsuhiro FURUSE, Jun-ichi OKUMURA1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1153-1155
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Fumiro KASHIWAMURA, Keiko FURUMURA, Takashi IKETAKI, YOZO SHINDE, Hiro ...1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1156-1158
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Takemi NAGAMURA1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1159-1164
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Yutaka NAKAMURA, Joji YOSHIDA1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1165-1170
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of protozoa on the reduction of nitrate and nitrite in the rumen and the formation of methemoglobin in the blood of sheep were studied.
The animals were fed roughage and concentrates supplemented with potassium nitrate to adapt rumen microorganisms to nitrate. In the experiments of the faunated and defaunated period, 0.40g of potassium nitrate per 1kg of body weight were administered into the rumen through fistula after morning diets had been ingested.
Both nitrate and nitrite disappearance rates in the rumen of the animals in the faunated period were faster than those in the defaunated period. A rapid decrease in the maximum values of methemoglobin in the blood was observed in animals in the faunated period. This may be due to less nitrite accumulation in the rumen, which is probably the result of the active participation of protozoa in the reduction of nitrate and nitrite.
Therefore, it was concluded that the acceleration of ruminal nitrate metabolism by faunation might impart an advantage to ruminants in the alleviation of nitrate toxicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Yujiro KASEDA1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1171-1178
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMisaki feral horses are divided broadly into Komatsu and Oogi herds by their home ranges in the breeding season. Komatsu herd increased greatly in population from 21 in 1973 to 62 in 1984, but has decreased since 1985. On the other hand, Oogi herd decreased in the total number from 38 in 1973 to 25 in 1977, but changed to increase since 1978, and its number exceeded that of Komatsu herd in 1986. The purpose of the present study was to discuss such factors affecting population dynamics of these two herds as birth, death and migration between two herds from 1973 to 1990.
In Komatsu herd, consort relationships between stallions and mares in their harems were stable and birth rate was kept at high level during the period from 1973 to 1984. Therefore, new young mares were steadily recruited by young horses and the herd increased more and more in population. Great increase in number of young horses in Komatsu herd forced density-dependently themselves to emigrate to Oogi herd. Komatsu herd, however, tended to decrease because of rapid reduction of birth rate and increases in numbers of death and emigration since 1985, some of which were caused by high density of population in the herd in 1984.
In Oogi herd, birth rate decreased because of death and emigration of some adult mares and death of some potential stallions, and the population had decreased during the period from 1973 to 1977. However Oogi herd has turned to increase in population by immigration of young horses from Komatsu herd since 1978, and the birth rate was recovered by the recruitment of new stallions and mares. About half of young horses(under four years of age) which were born in Komatsu herd during the period from 1973 to 1990 emigrated density-dependently to Oogi herd, and some of them returned to Komatsu herd to form their own new harems after grown up.
The phenomena observed in the present study seem to indicate that Komatsu and Oogi herds functioned separately as breeding and rearing populations during the period from 1973 to 1984, and that free migrations between two herds may be available for Misaki feral horses to breed and form their new harems.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Mika MYOJO, Seiji KUSUHARA, Go NOGUCHI, Takashi NAKAOYAMA1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1179-1181
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Makoto ITOH, Keizo ARIHARA, Yo KONDO1991 Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 1182-1184
Published: December 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (216K)
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