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Tsutomu HASHIZUME, Shigeto KANEMATSU
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
243-246
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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The effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) was studied on the release of growth hormone (GH) from perifused adenohypophyses of steers. Perifusion with media containing 10
-7, 10
-8 and 10
-9M CCK-8 for 90min significantly increased the mean GH concentrations during the treatments by Δ7.36 (P<0.01), 13.31 (P<0.01) and Δ5.64 (P<0.05) ng/ml respectively compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the rates of increase in GH among the three molar perifusion groups. The present results indicate that CCK-8 acts directly on the adenohypophysis to stimulate release of GH in cattle.
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Kunioki HAYASHI, Teru ISHIBASHI, Michiko MUKAI, Masaaki TOYOMIZU, Yuic ...
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
247-252
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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N
τ-methylhistidine (N
τ-MH) excretions were measured in laying and nonlaying hens to show the role of the skeletal muscle as a source of amino acids for egg protein synthesis. Four 10-month old laying hens and 3 117-day old non-laying hens were housed in individual cages and fed the experimental diet containing 15% protein. The diet was made mainly of corn and purified soybean protein. After 7 days of pre-feeding of the experimental diet, whole excreta samples were collected to measure N
τ-MH every 4 hours in the daytime starting at 7a.m. The excreta samples were also collected in the evenings (7p.m.-7a.m.) of the seventh and eighth days. In the laying hen, the peak of N
τ-MH excretion was observed between 4-8 hours after oviposition, and the rate of N
τ-MH excretion at the peak was about 2 times the rate before oviposition. However, in the non-laying hen, there was no diurnal variation of the rate of N
τ-MH excretion, and the rates were much lower than those of the laying hen. The results clearly show that there is a diurnal variation of the skeletal muscle protein breakdown in the laying hen and that skeletal muscle protein breakdown is accelerated when egg protein is intensively synthesized.
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Kohzo TANIGUCHI, Satoshi MIYAKE, Taketo OBITSU, Yoji YAMATANI
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
253-262
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Four sheep were each fitted with an abomasal simple cannula and an ileal re-entrant cannula, and fed four rations at the maintenance energy level. The rations consisted of 30% concentrate and 70% chopped hay or 70% alfalfa meal pellets, and 70% concentrate and 30% chopped hay or 30% alfalfa meal pellets on a digestible energy basis. The concentrate contained mainly ground corn and soybean meal. Two digestion trials for each ration were conducted; in the first trial, animals were fed ration alone, and then in the second were fed the same ration with continuous infusion of purified corn starch into the abomasum, averaging 113g per day, equivalent to 0.2 times maintenance energy. The ingested starch digestibilities for the high-roughage rations were lower than those for the high concentrate rations in the rumen and small intestine, when expressed as percentages of the entered amount. Conversely, the large-intestinal digestibilities for the high-roughage rations became higher, but the total digestibilities tended to be lower in comparison with the high-concentrate rations. The treatment means of the small-intestinal digestibility of infused starch decreased from 86.0% with 30% chopped hay to 75.1% with 70% chopped hay as the amount of neutral detergent fiber entering intestine increased. However, the ration containing a high level of concentrate and a low amount of alfalfa meal pellets showed a considerably low digestibility of 45%, despite having the lowest amount of intestinal fiber. In such a ration, a higher content of long-chain polymers in α-glucoside fractions of ileal digesta suggested a lower action of α-amylase in the small intestine. As the greater digestibility of infused starch in the large intestine compensated for the lower digestibility in the small intestine, the total intestinal digestibility for each treatment was over 93%, and not different. It is thus considered that starch digestion is not affected by other ingested components throughout the whole intestine, but is variable in the small intestine.
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Matanobu ABE, Futoshi TAKANO, Tsunenori IRIKI
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
263-270
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Single administration of DL-methionine (MET), L-lysine monohydrochloride (LYS) or L-tryptophan (TRP) into the rumen of 290-480kg heifers at graded doses of 0.12, 0.20 and 0.60g/kg body weight resulted in an increase of pertinent amino acids in plasma except at the lowest dose of LYS and TRP. At the highest doses, each amino acid was detected in a high concentration from the rumen for more than 16h. Half-lives of disappearance in the
in vitro culture were 3.4, 5.6 and 1.8h respectively when 0.1mg each of MET, LYS and TRP were added per ml rumen fluid, while 34.7, 30.1 and 38.5h, respectively, when added at the level of 2.0mg/ml, suggesting that the disappearance rate of each amino acid is dose-dependent. Supplying with 50g each of MET or LYS to about 300kg heifers at 12h-intervals for successive 15 days did not cause an increase in the plasma concentration of pertinent amino acids after 5 days, although the increase was detected at least after the first administration. Progressive increase of ruminal metabolic activity accompanying with the successive administration of MET or LYS was suggested in vivo and supported by the progressive decrease in in vitro half-lives of disappearance when each amino acid was incubated with rumen fluid taken from the heifers with the lapse of time during the successive administration.
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Hajime TANIDA, Nanao MIYAZAKI, Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
271-276
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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The experiment was conducted at a commercial swine farm to study the sexual behaviors of boars under natural light in summer and fall. In total, thirtytwo sows and 6 boars were used. Six boars were equally put in the two sire groups, and 32 sows were eqully divided into the 4 sow groups. The sexual behaviors of boars toward a herd. of sows in a mating pen were recorded continuously for 48h with an infrared camera connected to a time lapse video recorder. Two observations per sire group were carried out, the first in July and the second in October, 1989, using different sow groups. The sexual activity patterns of boars under multi-sire mating were similar between the seasons, irrespective of the fact that the day length was about 3 hours longer in summer than in fall, and the average, maximum and minimum temperatures were 9.4°C, 10.0°C and 8.9°C higher in summer than in fall. Diurnal patterns of ambient temperatures were, however, quite similar between the seasons. Sexual activities reached a peak at around 06:30 when the ambient temperature started to rise in the both seasons. These results suggest that the sexual activities of boars may correspond with the diurnal pattern of ambient temperatures.
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Haruki KITAZAWA, Takahiro TOBA, Takatoshi ITOH, Nobuko KUMANO, Susumu ...
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
277-283
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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This study was conducted to investigate the antitumor activity of slimeforming encapsulated
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris KVS 20 (
L. cremoris KVS 20) isolated from Scandinavian ropy sour milk, "viili". Intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of lyophilized
L. cremoris KVS 20 cells resulted in the growth inhibition of ascitic and solid tumors of Sarcoma-180 (S-180) in ICR mice. Tumor growth was significantly retarded, and the weight mean survival time significantly increased when the preparation was injected at a dose of 50mg/kg for 9 successive days from the day after tumor inoculation. On the other hand,
L. cremoris KVS 20 did not exhibit direct cytotoxicity against S-180 tumor cells. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of
L. cremoris KVS 20 in preventing tumor growth is induced through enhanced host-mediated immunity.
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Chieko HOSHINO, Yukiko SHIMIZU, Kunitomo WATANABE, Nobuhiro NIWA, Mits ...
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
284-289
Published: March 25, 1991
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The anaerobic bacterium stimulating cellulose degradation of R. albus F-40 was identified as
Staphylococcus warneri based on the results of gram-staining, fermentation tests and DNA-DNA hybridization.
S. warneri was found to establish itself in the digestive tract of germ-free chicks but
R. albus was not. One plasmid (7.7 kbp) denoted as pSW 1 was isolated from
S. warneri and characterized.
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Kenji TOGASHI, Osamu SASAKI, Kunio YOKOUCHI
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
290-292
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Tadashi NAKADA, Tohru SHIRAHASE, Zuiko KOJA, Kousaku TANAKA
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
293-296
Published: March 25, 1991
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Yasuo KOBAYASHI, Toshiki NAKAGAWA, Sadao HOSHINO, Rudoif A. PRINS
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
297-300
Published: March 25, 1991
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Yoshiyuki AZUMA, Tadashi KUROYANAGI, Shizuka MATSUNOBU, Hiroaki SANO, ...
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
301-303
Published: March 25, 1991
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Yoshiaki TERASHIMA, Fumihiro ISHIGAKI, Takayuki YAMAGUCHI, Hiroaki SAN ...
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
304-307
Published: March 25, 1991
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M. ODAJIMA, Y. KAJITA, K. T. NAM, S. R. LEE, H. SENGE, K. KATOH, Y. SH ...
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
308-313
Published: March 25, 1991
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The mean retention time (MRT) of stained hay through the whole digestive tract and feed digestibility were measured in Japanese sika deer (
Cervus nippon) and were compared with those in sheep in summer (July) and winter (February) when lucerne (
Medicago sativa) hay was fed at 2% of body weight. MRT for both species in winter was significantly shortened, while digestibility was significantly reduced, compared with in summer. Furthermore, the values of MRT and digestibility for deer were always smaller than those for sheep in both seasons. From these results we concluded that there are seasonal changes and differences according to species in the food digestibility of sika deer and sheep, and that the difference and/or alteration in controlling the passage of feed particles through the whole digestive tract might be responsible for these changes.
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Takatoshi ITOH, Atsuo YAMAJI, Junko NISHIMURA
1991 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
314-316
Published: March 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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