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Volume 63, Issue 11
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Abdul GHAFFAR1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1109-1114
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimple procedures for computing the truncation points of selection such as (1) predicted genetic values on truncation points and (2) average genetic values of selected parents should be on the same level for each age class of parents in a population with overlapping generations, are presented. To illustrate these procedures, the path of bulls' dams in a dairy cattle population was taken as a choice for a numerical example. The results were compared with two other selection methods, intra-age selection and selection on common truncation point on phenotypic values to assess their practicability in optimizing the age structure and prediction of genetic response to truncation selection. The problems in pursuing such selection policies are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Hiroshi HARAYAMA, Sunao KANDA, Seishiro KATO1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1115-1122
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe developmental process of the seminal vesicle, corpus prostatae and bulbourethral gland was morphologically and histologically investigated in Meishan boars after birth. All of the glands remarkably increased in weight after 30-45 days of age. In the seminal vesicle and corpus prostatae at 1 day of age, the glandular tubules were characterized by an undeveloped epithelium and a narrow lumen. At 45-60 days of age, the terminal portions of the tubules of these glands were partially ramified and the lumen contained PAS-positive secretions. At 75-90 days of age, the portions presented a fully-developed structure. On the other hand, in the bulbourethral gland at 1 day of age, the terminal portions of the glandular tubules were already ramified and contained PAS-positive substances. At 30-45 days of age, they showed rapid growth and more ramifications and were filled with the secretions. After this age, their structural aspects presented no changes. These results indicate that the secrectory function of the seminal vesicle, corpus prostatae and bulbourethral gland in Meishan boars in well developed at 75-90, 75-90 and 30-45 days of age, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (2945K) -
Tetsuya KUHARA, Kazuo KATOH, Shinichi ODA, Akira OHNEDA, Yasuyuki SASA ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1123-1133
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycine (Gly), L-leucine (Leu) or L-aspartic acid (Asp) were continuously infused into the duodenum of six castrated male sheep fitted with a chronically indwelling catheter in the duodenum to investigate the effects of these amino acids on GH, IGF-I, insulin and glucagon responses. Amino acids were infused at doses of 3.6, 7.2 and 14.4 mmol/kg/day for 96h. The effects on plasma concentrations of glucagon, insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were studied during the last 24h of infusion. Gly administration brought about a significant and dose-related increase in plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations, the molar ratio of insulin to glucagon (I/G ratio) being significantly reduced. Leu and Asp administration significantly increased the concentrations of insulin, glucagon and IGF-I. However, none of the amino acids used caused a significant increase in the GH concentration at these infusion rates. The present results suggest that it would be possible to modify plasma concentrations of glucagon, insulin and IGF-I by intraduodenal infusion of Leu and Asp, and that Gly might be used to reduce the I/G ratio in sheep.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
Masato NAKAMURA, Tetsu NEMOTO1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1134-1141
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of environmental temperature upon the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla of Holstein calves were examined to assess characteristics of the self auto-regulation system. To these aims this study describes the urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline of Holstein calves housed in a climate controlled room at 10°C, 20°C and 30°C was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with the trihydroxyindole fluorimetric procedure. The experimental animals were housed in a climate room at 20°C for five days, then exposed for four or five days to 10°C, 20°C and 30°C. The animals were fed two liters of milk twice daily, with no other supplemental food nor water. Urine was collected continuously by a self-retaining urethral catheter. The mean value of daily urine volume was maximum at 10°C, and decreased with increasing environmental temperature. The mean value of daily urine volume at 30°C was significantly (P<0.05) smaller than the values obtained during other environmental temperatures. When the calves were exposed to 10°C, the mean value of noradrenaline excretion increased significantly (P<0.05) from 20.9μg/day at 20°C to 38.1μg/day at 10°C. The mean value of adrenaline excretion increased from 3.2μg/day at 20°C to 4.1μg/day at 10°C. During exposure at 30°C, daily excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline was not significantly affected.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
A Comparative Study of Serum and Colostrum Immunoglobulin GYoshihiro KANAMARU, Satoshi NAGAOKA, Yasuo KUZUYA1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1142-1152
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnfractionated IgG isolated by adsorption on immobilized protein G revealed three major fractions on DEAE chromatography, the first representing IgG2 and both the second and the third corresponding to IgG1. The IgGs reactive with protein A were obtained from thses IgG isolates by single-step acid elution on an immobilized protein A. Serum IgG reactive with protein A was largely IgG2, but the third DEAE chromatographic fraction corresponding to IgG1 also appeared. However, the major IgG reactive with protein A in colostrum was IgG1, eluting as the third prominent fraction on DEAE chromatography. When the Fc fragments obtained from papain digestion mixtures of the IgGs reactive with protein A were analyzed by PAGE, the IgG2-Fc pattern was obvious in the serum preparation, whereas the IgG1-Fc pattern was demonstrated in the colostrum preparation. In addition, the Fe fragments from colostrum IgG reactive with protein A, which was adsorbed to immobilized protein A, gave an IgG1-Fc pattern on PAGE. These results strongly suggest that a particular IgG1 subpopulation occurs in bovine IgG1, that is quite distinct from the rest of IgG1 in reaction behavior with protein A.View full abstractDownload PDF (1914K) -
Hidetoshi ISHIKAWA, Atsushi SERIZAWA, Kenkichi AHIKO, Yoshiteru ASAI, ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1153-1156
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Kazuki MATSUMURA, Haruki KITAZAWA, Takatoshi ITOH, Takahiro YAMAGUCHI1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1157-1159
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Masahiro SATOH, Tsutomu FURUKAWA, Akira NISHIDA1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1160-1167
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA diallel cross among four inbred strains of golden hamsters (APG, APA, ACN and CBN) was practiced to analyse genetically their growth in body weights at different ages. The body weights of the individual hamsters were recorded weekly from 3 to 12 weeks of age. Parameters estimated were the overall heterosis effect (the difference between least squares means for inbreds and crosses), the effect of inbred strains, maternal effect, general combining ability, specific combining ability and specific reciprocal effect. Positive overall heterosis was exhibited at all the successive ages. Overall heterosis was smallest at 3 weeks of age (3.8% of mid-parent). It increased with age, and was largest at 12 weeks of age (9.6% of mid-parent). Heterosis, in percent, on each combination among the strains changed from 3 to 5 weeks of age, but it was nearly constant except in a combination of APG×ACN after 5 weeks of age. Heterosis in the combination of APG×ACN tended to continuously increase after 5 weeks of age with a decrease in the rate of increase. A constant estimate of the effect of inbred strains on APA was smallest at all ages. Similar trends were observed for the APA strain in terms of maternal effect. In terms of the general combining ability, ACN strain was the highest of the four strains at all ages. With this ability, the APG strain increased and the APA strain decreased with an increase in their age. Specific combining ability at 3 and 5 weeks of age was significantly negative for the combinations of APG×APA and ACN×CBN (P<0.05). The effect on these combinations was not significant at 8 weeks of age, but it was significantly negative again at 12 weeks of age (P<0.01). The combinations of APG×ACN and APA×CBN showed positive specific combining ability at 8 and 12 weeks of age. It was recognized that the heterosis in body weight of golden hamsters progressively changes with an increase in their age.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Kazuya MATSUMOTO, Kenkichi KASAI, Akio TAKAHASHI, Hitoshi KAKIDANI, Ke ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1168-1174
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the suppression effect of antisense DNA on the expression of humoral peptide hormone gene in transgenic mice, we constructed the hybrid gene consisted of an antisense orientation of the rat growth hormone (GH) cDNA in human beta-globin genomic DNA ligated to rat growth hormone promoter region, and introduced that gene into mouse embryos. Five founder transgenic mice were obtained. One founder transgenic female mouse showed a low weight gain after birth and could not be pregnant. Two other founder transgenic mice transmitted the transgene to their offspring. Although the antisense rat GH RNA was detected in pituitaries of these two founder transgenic mice and their offspring, as shown by RT-PCR analysis of pituitary RNA, there were some variation in growth of transgenic offspring generated from the same transgenic line. Some of them showed max. 33% lower in body weight than that of non-transgenic ones. It is suggested that the antisense rat GH RNA is possible to suppress the expression of endogenous mouse GH gene. However the cause for the various degree of weight gain in transgenic mice is not known.View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
Yuji KAJI, Yasuaki HATORI, Shu FURUYA, Teru ISHIBASHI1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1175-1181
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lysine requirements of multiparous sows during mid (day 50 to 65 postcoitum) and late pregnancy (day 90 to 105) and mid lactating (day 12 to 21 postpartum) periods were determined using the concentration of plasma free lysine as a response criterion. Five (0.1-0.5%) and six (0.42-1.02%) levels of dietary lysine for pregnant and lactating periods, respectively, were made by adding corn starch or soybean meal to a corn basal diet. Small amounts of free amino acids (i. e. DL-methionine, L-threonine and L-valine) were added to keep lysine the first limiting amino acid for all the experimental diets. Each diet was fed at 2.5kg daily in the mid pregnancy period and ad libitum in the late pregnancy and mid lactating periods for 3 days. A blood sample was taken on the third day of each period to determine the concentration of plasma free lysine. The lysine requirements were estimated from a break point where the concentration of plasma free lysine began to increase. The results obtained were as follows: 1) From concentration of plasma free lysine as a response criterion, the daily lysine requirements for mid, late pregnancy and mid lactating periods were estimated to be 6.7, 20.4 and 42.3g, respectively. 2) On the basis of the daily lysine requirements estimated using plasma free lysine, lysine requirements expressed as a percent of diet for mid and late pregnancy and mid lactating periods were calculated to be 0.29, 0.89 and 0.75%, respectively. 3) From the results of the present study, it was clear that there was a considerable difference between the lysine requirements during the mid and late pregnancy periods. Thus, it is suggested that the dietary lysine levels should vary with the progress of pregnancy.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Takayoshi MASUKO, Sanae OKADA, Tai UCHIMURA, Kyozo AWAYA1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1182-1187
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of inoculation with lactic acid bacterial culture at ensiling on the fermentative quality and flora of lactic acid bacteria of grass silage were investigated using Italian ryegrass containing 84.5% moisture and 10.6% water soluble carbohydrate (on dry matter basis) with laboratory silos. Three treatments were used as control, with a 3% addition of glucose and 0.05% addition of lactic acid bacterial culture (Lactobacillus plantarum). The fermentative quality of silage was improved both by the addition of L. plantarum and glucose. The 17 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the three treatments. The three treatments contained three species of rods and one species of cocci. The control silage included five strains of Lactobacillus coryniformis. Four strains in the inoculated silage was L. plantarum. Glucose-added silage included mainly Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The rods strain was not isolated from this silage. From the above results, the fermentative quality of silage was improved both by the addition of glucose and the inoculation of L. plantarum. The species of lactic acid bacteria in inoculated silage was different from the glucose-added silage.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K) -
Kanji MATSUI1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1188-1194
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn ambulatory data-logger for the simultaneous recording of the number of jaw movements, the number of pauses between jaw movements longer than 3 seconds in one minute and the J-J intervals (the interval between two successive jaw movements) was previously developed and tested using grazing cattle. The apparatus consists of a transducer (a silicone tube filled with carbon granules) fixed to the side of the lower jaw, a pre-amplifier and three heart rate memory units. In this paper, a quantification of the rhythms of jaw movements during grazing and rumination period is tried and tested among grazing cattle. The J-J intervals for biting and chewing during grazing is represented by J-Jg and those for remasticating during rumination and pauses of jaw movements between bouts of remasticating by J-Jr and J-Jp, respectively. These parameters, the number of jaw movements per bolus, the remasticating time per bolus and the interval between two successive regurgitations are calculated using the data of the J-J intervals. J-Jg represents biting and chewing rhythms which are not well explained by just the number of jaw movements per minute, and also J-Jr and J-Jp represents remasticating rhythms and swallowing and regurgitating rhythms, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Masahiro NUMATA, Yoshimi SOEDA, Toyoo NAKAMURA1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1195-1202
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHemoglobin regeneration efficiency was investigated in rats (SD strain) fed on diets containing three types of heme-iron concentrates, bovine hemoglobin and ferrous sulfate. Heme-iron concentrates used in this study were prepared from porcine red blood cells by enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent concentrating by centrifugation at pH 4.0 (HIC-1) and pH 5.0 (HIC-2) and ultrafiltration (HIC-3). HIC-2 and HIC-3 dissolved to a feasible extent in water at pH 6.0, but HIC-1 didn't. Experimental groups were fed the diets containing heme and nonheme-iron at five different levels (Fe diet; 152, 76, 38, 19 and 9.5ppm) for three weeks. No effect by the kind and the concentration of iron used was observed on body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum iron decreased but that of TIBC increased with the decrease in iron concentration. For maintaining the normal blood condition, the necessary intake of iron sources per day are as follows, HIC-1 and HIC-2; 152 ppm (2.64mg/rat/day), HIC-3; 76 ppm (1.35mg/rat/day), hemoglobin; 38 ppm (0.67mg/rat/day) and ferrous sulfate; over 152 ppm (2.71mg over/rat/day). These results suggested that the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency of heme-iron concentrates changed with the difference in the preparation.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Structure of Receptor GeneSenkiti SAKAI1992 Volume 63 Issue 11 Pages 1203-1208
Published: November 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (485K)
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