All issues
Volume 63, Issue 12
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Yukinori YOSHIMURA, Toshikazu OKAMOTO, Tatsudo TAMURA1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1213-1220
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to localize androgen receptor (AR) in the follicular wall and its surrounding tissues in the ovaries of PMSG-primed and nonprimed immature Gottingen miniture pigs by an immuno-histochemical method. In the PMSG-primed pigs, AR was localized in the granulosa cells and thecal fibroblasts of preantral and antral follicles. The granulosa cells of primordial follicles were negative for AR immuno-reaction. The interstitial cells showed positive immunoreaction for AR. The AR was also localized in the fibroblasts of stroma and tunica albuginea as well as surface epithelium. The ovaries of saline-treated pigs contained a number of primordial and preantral follicles and only a small number of early antral follicles. The pattern of AR localization in saline-treated pigs was same as that in PMSG-primed pigs, suggesting that AR is expressed in the ovary before sexual maturation and PMSG might not be the major factor for the AR expression. These results support the previous reports suggesting that androgens may directly act on the ovarian tissues to regulate their functions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2349K) -
Masaki SHIBATA, Fuminori TERADA, Kazuo IWASAKI, Mitsunori KURIHARA, Ta ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1221-1227
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix Holstein heifers, 10 Corriedale wethers and 11 castrated male goats of Japanese native breed were used to clarify the effects of hay-concentrate ratios on methane (CH4) production in heifers, sheep and goats, and to find a ready method for estimating CH4 production of ruminants. The three levels of hay-concentrate were 100: 0 (H100), 70: 30 (H70), 30: 70 (H30), which were offered to meet around 150% of total digestible nutrients requirements. The results were as follows: 1) CH4 production was significantly different among animal species. Heifers produced about 7 times and 9 times as much as sheep and goats, respectively. 2) CH4 production was also significantly different among treatments. CH4 production in H30 treatment was significantly lower than that in H70 treatment. It was attributed to lower cellulose content and lower digestibility of fiber fractions caused by a high concentrate diet in the H30 treatment. 3) There were no significant differences in CH4 production per various nutrient intakes among animals though their treatment effects were significant. 4) From the results of multiple regression analyses, the most useful predictors of CH4 production were the amounts of nitrogen, crude fiber and nitrogen free effects intake or those apparently digested. 5) Although estimation by multiple regression equations was more precise, the simple regression equation with dry matter intake was also highly significant. 6) From the above results, it can be concluded that CH4 production by ruminants below 1.5 times maintenance can be estimated adequately from dry matter intake (DMI) alone by the equation CH4(1/day)=0.0305DMI(g/day)-4.441(r=0.992).View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Shin-ichi KAMATA, Norihide KAKIICHI, Akihiko MOTOZAWA, Hiroharu OTSUKA ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1228-1233
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of acrylamide (ACR) on methane fermentation was examined. The volume of gas production was found extremely decreased in the presence of more than 3.3mg/l of ACR. When isolation of ACR-resistant facultative anaerobes from the digested sludge was attempted, E. coli SK-1 strain against which ACR had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20, 000mg/l was isolated. This bacterial strain was found to utilize ACR as a carbon source. On examining the degradation of ACR by this bacterial strain immobilized by the PVA-boric acid method, 52% was decomposed in four days. These results showed that methane fermentation was affected in the presence of a very small amount of ACR and also suggested that E. coli SK-1 isolated from the digested sludge acclimated by addition of ACR can be utilized as an immobilized bioreactor.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Michihiro SUGAHARA, Takatsugu HATTORI, Taiji NAKAJIMA1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1234-1239
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA toxic substance causing Black Vomit was isolated from a fishmeal and named Gizzerosine (GIZZ) in 1983. Succesively, an organic synthesis of the substance was completed in 1985. In the previous report, the effect of DL-GIZZ on performance of broiler chicks was examined. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of GIZZ in fishmeal on the mortality and the growth of broiler chicks. Four-day-old chicks were allocated to two groups of one hundred birds each and fed the diets for 28 days. The concentration of GIZZ in each diet was adjusted to 0.93 or 3.48ppm GIZZ/kg diet by adding the fishmeal containing 11.6ppm of GIZZ. Chicks were given feed and water ad libitum. Individual chick was weighed every day. When a body weight of chick was the same or lower than that at the previous day, it was defined that the chick suffered growth retardation. The mortalities throughout the experiment were 25% on 0.93 and 83% on 3.48ppm diet. In the case of the former, the highest mortality was observed in the last week of the experiment. In the latter, over a half chicks died within the first two weeks. The survived chicks fed on 0.93ppm diet were always significantly heavier than those fed on 3.48ppm diet, except the second day of the experiment. Big variance was found among the respective final body weight. The body weights of chicks distributed between 0.3 and 1.4kg on 0.93ppm, and 0.1 and 0.9kg on 3.48ppm diet. In the former group, the numbers of growth retardation chick were 53. Thirteen birds did not suffer any growth retardation, however, their growth rates were not good. Nine chicks grew normally and their final body weights were between 1.2 and 1.4kg. All survived chicks in the latter group suffered severe growth retardation. The finding that 9 out of 100 chicks grew normally in spite of the high mortality (25%) clearly indicated that there was a wide variance of sensibility to GIZZ among broiler chicks.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Matanobu ABE, Masayuki FUNABA, Tsunenori IRIKI, Akifumi OGAWA1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1240-1246
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour male Holstein calves weighing 129kg initially were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to evaluate ruminally degradable protein (RDP) or degraded intake protein (DIP) as a nitrogen (N) source for rumen microbes. Each of four diets consisted of rice straw, flaked corn and soybean meal, and the crude protein (CP) content was adjusted to 10.2, 11.5, 12.8 and 14.1% by adding 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% urea, respectively. The N-balance and the TDN content of diets were determined at the level of 27g diet/kg body weight/d. The RDP intake estimated according to ARC was 5.2, 6.4, 7.7 and 8.9g/MJ ME, whereas the DIP intake estimated according to NRC was 4.4, 5.7, 6.9 and 8.4g/MJ ME, with increase in the CP content or urea content of diets. The daily N-retention increased with daily N-intake, and the highest efficiency value of about 0.69 was obtained for the conversion of urea-N into microbial N in the rumen when the diet contained 12.8% CP. Assuming that the conversion efficiency of ordinary RDP or DIP is 0.9, the conversion efficiency of urea-N was about 80% of that, in agreement with the estimate of ARC. On this occasion, 7.3g RDP/MJ ME or 6.5g DIP/MJ ME was considered to be adequate to the highest production of microbial protein in the rumen, provided that RDP or DIP originates only from ordinary feeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Ryoichi SAKATA, Guisong LEE, Yukiharu NAGATA1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1247-1252
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose was examination of the following: 1) reaction conditions for the preparation of stable nitrosohemoglobin (NOHb) obtained by the nitrosation of hemoglobin (Hb) from animal blood and 2) the possibility of augmenting meat product color by the addition of NOHb which can be prepared easily in the native state and followed by cooking. More than 80% of total Hb in a mixture of 100mM NaNO2-100mM sodium ascorbate (NaAsA) was nitrosated, and NO-2 was found present at 3, 600ppm on the 10th day of storage at 2°C. The nitrosation of Hb in the mixture (25mM NaNO2-25mM NaAsA, pH 4.5) proceeded rapidly, and the color forming ratio was 85% even at 14 days of storage. Added nitrite could not be detected after 3 days of storage. 0.5% and 1% of the NOHb reaction mixture were added to porcine muscle with 2% NaCl, 200ppm NaNO2 and 0.1% NaAsA. The sausage was prepared for assessment of color formation. The following results were obtained: Nitroso heme pigments were formed to a greater extent than those of the control (without addition of NOHb) meat product; NOHb in the Hb reaction mixture had a qualitative effect on meat color formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Misa HOSOE, Sueo NIIMURA, Kazuo ISHIDA1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1253-1258
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) conjugated with FITC was used lectin-histo-chemically to demonstrate the presence of cortical granules in hamster oocytes from primordial to antral follicles and in unfertilized eggs 0 and 3hrs after ovulation. And changes in the distribution and density of cortical granules in these oocytes were examined during folliculogenesis and meiotic maturation. LCA-reactive cortical granules appeared first in the oocytes of small secondary follicles, and the granules existed primarily in the oocyte cortex as single particles as well as irregular aggregates of particles. The distribution of granules remained the same in the oocyte cortices in small secondary follicles through antral follicles 12hrs before ovulation, though the density rose rapidly after their first appearance in small secondary follicles, then reached the maximum in antral follicles from 87 to 12 hrs before ovulation. Though the distribution and density of the granules did not vary in the oocytes of antral follicles 9 and 6hrs before ovulation, about half of the oocytes in follicles 9hrs before ovulation and all the oocytes in follicles 6hrs before came to show a cortical granule-reduced domain (CGRD) in the cortices of their cytoplasm. The CGRD remained in the oocytes of antral follicles until 3hrs before ovulation, but became a cortical granule-free domain (CGFD) in the cortices of unfertilized eggs. In the oocytes of antral follicles 3 hrs before ovulation and in unfertilized eggs, the granules were uniformly scattered throughout the cortices, with the exception of the CGRD or CGFD, and the density of the granules in those was somewhat diminished.View full abstractDownload PDF (976K) -
Kiyoshi HAYASAKA, Naozumi TAKUSARI, Noriaki YAMAGISHI1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1259-1266
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in rumen fermentation levels, apparent digestibilities, chewing time with increases in ambient temperatures (temp.) were studied by using 3 lactating, rumenfistulated Holstein cows. The experiment was conducted in Hokkaido in June, July and August. A total mixed ration (TMR) was fed which consisted of the same roughage and concentrate throughout the experiments. 1) Average indoor temp. was 19°C with average highs and lows of 23°C and 16°C in June, 22°C with average highs and lows of 26°C and 19°C in July, and 24°C with average highs and lows of 29°C and 21°C in August. The cows subjected to high temp. in August had a rectal temp. of 40.2°C and 80 respirations/min. 2) Dry matter intake averaged 26.3kg in June, 25.4kg in July, and 21.7kg in August. Water intake (drinking intake+moisture in feed) averaged 128kg in June, 122kg in July, and 113kg in August. 3) As the ambient temp. increased, the molar percentage of propionic acid in the rumen fluids significantly (P<0.05) increased, whereas the percentages of acetic and butyric acids declined (P>0.05). These resulted in a decline in the acetic-propionic ratio (P>0.05). Ruminal pH, NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids levels were not discernible between treatments. 4) Chewing time per day and per 1kg DMI were shorter in July and August than in June (P>0.05). 5) Apparent digestibilities of all feed components in July and August tended to increase (P>0.05). From the results obtained, a higher molar percentage of propionic acid, higher digestibilities and lower chewing activities in July and August than in June seemed to be accounted for by a lower motility of the digestive tract and a decreased ruminal dilution rate. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 63 (12) : 1259-1266, 1992View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
Haruo NEGISHI, Megumi NATUNO, Sumio YOSHIKAWA1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1267-1275
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe usefulness of shear force values (SFV), ATP-related compounds, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and 30, 000-dalton components (30KD) as indices of aging for imported frozen beef loins, whose postmortem aging time was not known, was investigated. According to the analysis of changes in ATP-related compounds in the loins from 3 carcasses of Holstein steers 4 days postmortem during 28 day storage at 0°C, inosine monophosphate (IMP) contents gradually decreased and both hypoxanthine (Hx) and xanthine (X) contents increased. As a result, both K-value, having been reported as an index of freshness in fish, and modified K (mK) value, a percentage of the ratio of the sum of Hx and X to the sum of IMP, Hx and X, were selected as candidates for indices of aging. The properties mentioned above in addition to sensory properties were measured and statistically analyzed for frozen beef loins (n=100) imported from the United States and Australia. The results of the sensory test showed that a correlation between tenderness and flavor intensity was significantly high (r=0.761), so we selected the sensory score of tenderness as a scale for maturity. According to the evaluation of correlations between the tenderness and other properties, the correlation coefficients (CCs) became higher in the order: K-value (r=0.211), mK-value (r=0.282), MFI (r=0.481), 30KD (r=0.558), SFV (r=-0.759). CCs between SFV and others were in ascending order: K-value (r=-0.189), mK-value (r=-0.300), MFI (r=-0.573), 30KD (r=-0.706), and a remarkable increase was observed particularly in the SFV-30KD relations. Thus we considered that SFV, 30KD and MFI were useful as indices of aging of beef with unclear history, but mK-value and K-value were less useful than those three properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
Takatoshi ITOH1992 Volume 63 Issue 12 Pages 1276-1289
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1109K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|