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Volume 63, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Kei HANZAWA, Seiki WATANABE1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 249-255
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFree amino acids in horse red cells were analyzed in detail by using the Li-type column. The influence of AR (arginase activity -high and-low) and BA (basic amino acid -negative and -positive) systems on free amino acid concentration and composition was also investigated. The horse red cells contained 23 kinds of amino acids and 1 dipeptide, i. e. o-phosposerine, taurine, asparagine, citruiline, β-amino-isobutyrate, γ-aminobutyrate, 1-methyl-histidine, carnosine (β-alanylhistidine), ornithine and protein-constituting amino acids which had been detected by the Na-type column analysis.
BA+ cells showed significantly higher concentrations of aspartate, threonine, serine, alanine, tyrosine, histidine and lysine than BA- cells (P<0.05) regardless of AR types, which had no significant effects on the concentration of these amino acids (P<0.3). Both ornithine and arginine concentrations were significantly different in every combination of four types of horse red cells (P<0.05) and their ranking for ornithine concentration was [AR•H:BA+]>[AR•H:BA-]>[AR•L:BA+]>[AR•L:BA-];in contrast, that for arginine concentration was [AR•L:BA+]>[AR•L:BA-]>[AR•H:BA+]>[AR•H:BA-].View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
Takao NISHIDA, Yashihiro HAYASH, Takayoshi SHOTAKE, Yoshizane MAEDA, Y ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 256-269
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe morphological identification and ecological studies on the red jungle fowl were carried out during the first, second and third investigations of Nepalese native livestock in 1986, 1988 and 1989. The red jungle fowls collected in Tarai were 6 males and 5 females, of which we applied 4 males and 4 females to the somatometry and 3 individuals (1 male and 2 females) to stuffing. For the ecological investigation, we perfomed the hearing survey at 16 places and the ecological observation at 4 places in Tarai and Siwalik hill. From the differences in the feather color and the plumage pattern between red jungle fowls from Nepal and Thai, the Nepalese jungle fowl was morphologically identified as Gallus gallus murghi. The multivariate comparision using 7 body measurements revealed that the Nepalese jungle fowl followed the Indonesian Gallus gallus murghi in both size and shape being larger than the other three populations (Thai gallus and Javanese bankiva). Results of the ecological investigation suggest that the red jungle fowl may inhabit even the ordinary forest outside of the national park and the wildlife conservation in Tarai as rather big populations. The presence of the breeding season was confirmed by the inactive gonads found in 3 male and 2 female autopsied adult birds. The breeding season may be variable according to the geographical and meteorological localities in Nepal. The results also suggest a possibility of crossing between the jungle fowl and the domestic chicken.
The clutch size of the Nepalese red jungle fowls was generally the same as the egg number counted in the Southeast Asian red jungle fowl.View full abstractDownload PDF (1377K) -
Yoshi KAWAMOTO, Takashi AMANO, Takao NAMIKAWA, Takao NISHIDA, H. B. RA ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 270-276
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein Polymorphisms of buffalo's milk, taken from four localities in Nepal, were examined by isoelectric focusing using a urea polyacrylamide gel. Of 22 milk samples, β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein were monomorphic. αS1- and β-caseins showed polymorphism in which a segregation of two alleles was considered. Quantification of genetic variability suggested that buffaloes were less variable than cattle for the milk protein loci.View full abstractDownload PDF (1926K) -
Taketo OBITSU, Kohzo TANIGUCHI, Yoji YAMATANI1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 277-285
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrea was infused into the rumen of goats and sheep at various rates postpradially to investigate the effect of ruminal urea infusion rate on digestion of food and the utilization of dietary nitrogen (N) in goats and sheep. In Experiment 1, three goats fitted with a ruminal cannula were fed ryegrass hay (6.4% crude protein) at 08:00 and 20:00 daily with or without urea infusions into the rumen. For treatment with urea infusion, a fixed amount of urea (19.4g/d) was infused over 3, 6 or 12h after each meal was offered. Urea infusions did not affect the digestibility of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or acid detergent fiber (ADF) of hay. However nitrogen retention was increased by all rates urea infusion. The rate of urea infusion did not affect N balance. In Experiment 2, three sheep fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were fed a ration (7.3% crude protein) of ryegrass hay and rolled corn at 08:00 and 20:00 daily with urea infusions of 22.0g/d into the rumen over periods of 2, 6 or 12h after every meal. The rate of urea infusion affected the diurnal patterns of the ruminal pH and ammonia-N concentration. Ruminal pH was lower with the 2h infusion. Digestibility of OM, NDF and ADF in both the rumen and the total digestive tract was not affected by the urea infusion rate. Nitrogen retention was also higher with the 2h urea infusion, and there was greater bacterial N synthesis in the rumen and N absorption from the lower digestive tract. These results suggest that the rate of delivery of urea to the rumen does not affect digestibility of OM and fiber, but delivery rate is apparently important for rumen microbes and the utilization of urea for microbial protein synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Hiroshi KAJIKAWA, Yuji NAGASAKI, Masahiro AMARI, Akira ABE1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 286-294
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in rumen microbial populations were analyzed when diets with zero, 1.5, and 5.0kg/d of corn (labeled Diet A, B and C, respectively), added to 6.0kg/d (Diet A and B) or 3.0kg/d (Diet C) of Italian ryegrass hay, were given to two rumen fistulated Japanese Black steers. Concurrently, in vitro digestibilities of cell walls isolated from Italian ryegrass hay, corn gluten feed, tofu refuse and sugar-beet pulp were determined using washed cell suspensions of rumen microbes on each diet as inoculum. Total viable, amylolytic, and xylan-fermenting bacteria increased their numbers with corn-supplemented diets. Cellulolytic bacteria decreased on Diet C. Methanogens and protozoa tended to increase when Diet B was given. Cell wall digestibility in the in vitro incubation showed remarkably low values for all samples on Diet C. This is attributed to the low digestibilities of both ADF and non-ADF fractions in the cell wall, except sugar-beet pulp which did not decrease non-ADF digestibility. With Diet B, ADF digestibility was lower for each feed as compared with Diet A. However, since non-ADF digestibility increased on Diet B, no difference in total cell wall digestibility was detected between Diet A and B. The higher values of non-ADF digestibility on Diet B seem to be due to the increase in hemicellulose-fermenting bacteria on that diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Further Studies of a Data-Logging System for Determining the Heart Rate of Cattle Grazed on PasturesKanji MATSUT, Shiro ITANO1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 295-300
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heart rate memory apparatus enables a minute-by-minute determination of heart rate in cattle grazed on pastures for up to 24 hours. In the present study, the properties of the apparatus and the accuracy of heart rate determination in a field was investigated using Holstein heifers and adult cows. The A-B lead is suitable for measuring heart rate using this apparatus, because the wave form in the A-B lead is larger and more stable than that in other leads. Heart rates ranging from about 50 beats per minute to 160 could be measured accurately. Daily heart beats (DHB) in the heifers grazed on pastures for 24 hours (which is a day and a night) were about 140, 000, and 0.20 to 0.45% of DHBs were false and excessively counted. These false counted beats occurred mostly during a grazing period. Based on these findings, the heart rate memory apparatus was confirmed to be a suitable tool in measuring heart rates with a high degree of accuracy in cattle grazed on pastures.View full abstractDownload PDF (2248K) -
Hidetoshi MORITA, Taku MIYAMOTO, Kei KATAOKA, Takayuki NISHIKAWA1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 301-307
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Lactose- and proteinase-positive (Lac+ Prt+) Pediococcus acidilactici, designated 25-EM-KM, has already been derived from Lac-Prt- P. acidilactici 2-5 E via conjugation. In this study, in accordance with the tests for the capacity to yield diacetyl/acetoin and acid in skim milk, cultural conditions to prepare fermented milk by the 25-EM-KM were investigated. An acceptable product was obtained when the mixture contained skim milk (12%), sucrose (8%) and filter-sterilized shiitake juice (1%) which pasteurized and fermented with a starter of the 25-EM-KM at 30°C for 16-18hr. The 25-EM-KM, then, contributed to a favorable yogurt-like flavor and maintained the suitable titratable acidity (approximately 0.9%) and viable cell counts per ml (a 106 level) in the fermented milk at 4°C for more than 60 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Sadao HOSHINO, Yasuo KOBAYASHI, Masaaki WAKITA1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 308-309
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (133K) -
Soichiro SEKIGUCHI, Masakatsu KUSANAGI, Kazuhiro WATANABE, Youichiro S ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 310-317
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the pig, it was attempted to make an adequate procedure on the rosette inhibition test (RI Test) which is an assay method to find the presence of early pregnancy factor (EPF) in the plasma or urine, on the basis of the rosette inhibition titre (RIT). Then, RIT values in plasma taken from 27 sows were assayed by the use of the determinate RITest and the early diagnosis on pregnancy and non-pregnancy was attempted on the basis of the RIT values. In 17 out of 27 sows, RIT indicated the higher value of 4 or 5 and in the other 10 sows, the lower value of 1 or 2. The former and latter were diagnosed as pregnant and non-pregnant sows, respectively. Then, the 18 pregnant and 9 non-pregnant sows were confirmed by observing them in the farm. In 15 out of 18 formers and 7 out of 9 latters, the diagnostic results based on RIT values were consistent with the results observed in the farm after the insemination of the sows. So, the accuracy rates of the diagnostic results regarding pregnancy and non-pregnancy taken by the use of the RI Test were 83.3 and 77.8%, respectively. Moreover, regardless of the pregnancy and non-pregnancy factor, the accuracy rate of diagnostic results (80.0%) found for the period from insemination to implantation was not very different from the result (83.3%) found for the period after implantation.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Yoshinori ARAI, Ikuko YOTSUTANI, Sueo NIIMURA, Kazuo ISHIDA1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 318-324
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeroxidase-conjugated lectins were used to examine histochemical changes in glycoconjugates on the cell-surface of normal mouse blastocysts 96, 102, 108, 114, 120 and 126 hours after hCG injection, of delayed implanting blastocysts on Days 10 and 24, and of reactivated delayed implanting ones on Day 10, 22 hours after estradiol injection. Weak or strong binding of PNA, GS-I, SBA, WGA and DBA was found both in the trophoblast cells and in the inner-cell-mass cells of all the blastocysts, but none of GS-II and LPA. UEA-I binding was observed only in the trophoblast cells of blastocysts 96 to 108 hours after hCG injection. In blastocysts 114 to 126 hours after hCG injection, the binding in trophoblast cells was intensified, while in inner-cell-mass cells, such binding first occurred. Concerning activated blastocysts, the binding was present both in trophoblast cells and in inner-cell-mass cells, but not in those of delayed implanting blastocysts. As for BPA binding, it was found only in the trophoblast cells of blastocysts 96 and 102 hours after hCG injection. In those 108 to 126 hours after hCG injection and in reactivated ones, the binding was seen both in trophoblast cells and in inner-cell-mass cells. The binding of MPA and Con A was present only in the trophoblast cells of blastocysts 96 to 108 hours after hCG injection, of delayed implanting blastocysts. But in those 114 to 126 hours after hCG injection and in reactivated ones, binding was also seen in the inner-cell-mass cells. These findings suggest that in trophoblast cells, a decrease of glycoconjugates equipped with N-acetylgalactosamine, and an increase of those equipped with fucose occur toward the implantation; while in inner-cell-mass cells, appearances of glycoconjugates containing N-acetylgalactosamine with an affinity to BPA and MPA, fucose to UEA-I or mannose to Con A occur.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
Katsuhiro URATA, Masaharu MANDA, Shozo WATANABE1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 325-331
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaste responses of hens and female quails to salty (Sodium Chloride), sour (Acetic Acid), sweet (Glucose), bitter (Quinine Hydrochloride) and umami (Monohydrate Sodium Glutamate) taste solutions were studied in the two-choice preference test.
The aforesaid substances were dissolved in tap water to make eleven stepwise test solutions with doubleing the concentration. Percent intake of the test solutions to total fluid of each concentration was defined as a preference index.
The preference index above 60.3% was defined as preference zone, below 39.7% as rejection zone and between 39.7% and 60.3% as nondiscrimination zone by x2-test. The taste response was interpreted from the taste response curve that was reflecting the change of preference index with increasing concentration.
Hens rejected concentrations above 1.28% of sodium chloride solutions while quails rejected above 2.5%. Hens rejected above 0.08% of acetic acid solutions while quails rejected above 0.32%. Hens were not able to discriminate below 20% of glucose solutions. On the other hand quails tended to show weak preference for 1.28% and 2.5% of glucose solutions. Hens rejected above 0.04% of quinine hydrochloride solutions while quails were not able to discriminate below 0.32%. As for MSG solutions, hens rejected above 1.28% while quails rejected above 10%.
In conclusion, hens and quails showed no particular preference to any of test solutions. Hens seemed to be more sensitive to the test solutions than quails.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Shiro ITANO, Tadakatsu OKUBO, Toru SAWASAKI, Kanji MATSUI1992 Volume 63 Issue 3 Pages 332-334
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (218K)
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