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Volume 64, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Noboru MANABE, Yoshihiro FURUYA, Yasuyoshi AZUMA, Hajime MIYAMOTO1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological and morphometrical properties of cattle epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), antigen presenting cells, have been investigated in a total of 13 Holstein cattle. In 50 portions of the skin, the LCs in the skin sections were histochemically demonstrated by applying zinc iodide-osmium (ZIO) procedure. Volume density and girth/area ratio of the LCs were measured using automatic image analyzer system. The results were as follows. (1) We obtained the satisfactory results in selective staining of the cattle LCs using ZIO solution buffered by 0.05 M veronal-HCl at pH 7.6 for 18 h at 4°C. (2)The cells with 1-3, 4-6, 7-9 and more than 10 processes were classified into 4 categories (type I, II, III, and IV, respectively). In thick portions of the skin (ex. palma manus, planta pedis), most of the cell bodies were localized in the center of the stratum spinosum and had long and highly branched processes (type II, III and IV), and their processes often reached to the stratum lucidum. On the contrary, in thin portions (ex. fossa axillaris, regio inguinalis), the cell bodies were localized in the base of the stratum spinosum and had short processes (type I and II), and their processes ended beneath the cells of the stratum granulosum. Generally the LCs in a highly keratinizing portion had more processes with more branchlets than those in a low keratinizing portion. (3) High volume density (more than 1, 000 cells/mm3) and high girth/area ratio (more than 6.00) were found in the neighborhood portions of the mucous membrane and in the thick portions. Low volume density (less than 500 cells/mm3) and low girth/area ratio (less than 4.00) were found in the thin portions with few exceptions (regio auricularis and regio acusticus externus). The LCs tended to increase in volume density with increasing age, but no change of the girth/area ratio was observed. It is considered that the gross histological and morphometrical properties of the cattle LCs are suitable for their antigen-presenting function in the skin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1114K) -
Hiroshi HORIKAWA, Tadahiro MASUMURA, Emiko WATANABE, Teru ISHIBASHI1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 8-12
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGizzerosine (2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid) is a causative substance for the gizzard erosion in chicks. Small amount of dietary gizzerosine causes significant increase in the contents of ash and calcium (Ca) in the femur of chicks. If gizzerosine enhances the bone calcification in mammals as in chicks, it may be effective for prevention of the fragility in pigs and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In this study, in order to clarify the effect of dietary gizzerosine on the calcification of bone in growing and ovariectomized mice, as model animals of ospeoporosis, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, the young mice were fed the diets containing gizzerosine at 0, 2 and 10ppm ad libitum. In the mice fed 10ppm gizzerosine diet, though body weight and femur weight were not affected, the contents of ash and Ca in the femur increased significantly. In experiment 2, ovariectomized mice were fed diets containing gizzerosine at 0, 10, 30 and 100ppm ad libitum and non-ovariectomized mice were fed a diet without gizzerosine. Though the body weights of ovariectomized mice fed the diet without gizzerosine were significantly heavier, the contents of ash and Ca in the femur of ovariectomized were lower than those of non-ovariectomized mice. The body weights and contents of ash and Ca in the femur of ovariectomized mice increased with increasing dietary gizzerosine levels, reached to maximum and then decreased slightly. Dietary gizzerosine levels did not affect concentrations of plasma Ca and pH of the digesta in the duodenum of ovariectomized mice. These results suggested that gizzerosine was effective for acceleration of bone calcification in ovariectomized mice as in chicks. In the case of chicks, gizzerosine decreased pH of digesta in the gizzard, the low pH increased the solubility and absorption of Ca and resulted in enhancement of bone calcification. However, pH of the digesta in the duodenum of mice was not affected by gizzerosine. This showed that the enhancement of bone calcification in mice was affected by different mechanism in chicks.View full abstractDownload PDF (338K) -
Kazuaki TAKAHASHI, Sigeru KONASHI, Yukio AKIBA, Masaaki HORIGUCHI1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was conducted to determine if supplemental methionine (Met) affects primary antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (Ba) in male broilers. In experiment 1, chicks (7 days of age) were given a low protein diet, which contained 19.6% crude protein (CP) and 0.56% sulfur containing amino acids (SAA), diets in which corn starch in the low protein diet was replaced by DL-Met at levels of 0, 0.37, 0.59 or 0.74%, and an adequate protein diet (23% CP and 0.93% SAA) for 21 days ad libitum. In experiment 2, chicks (10 days of age) were ad libitum- or pair-fed on a basal diet (23% CP and 0.49% SAA) or diets where glycine in the basal diet was replaced by DL-Met at the levels of 0.22, 0.44 or 0.66% for 17 days under the condition of equal CP (23%) level. SRBC titer tended to be reduced by an increase in Met levels in experiment 1. SRBC titer in chicks fed on an adequate CP diet was higher than for those fed on the low protein diets regardless of Met supplementation. Under equal CP intake, SRBC titer increased linearly with dietary Met levels, but no significant Met effects were found. There were no significant differences in SRBC and Ba titers to dietary Met levels when chicks were fed on equal amounts of energy and protein. The results suggest that a marginal excess or a deficiency of dietary Met have less influence on primary antibody production against SRBC or Ba.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
Hiroshi UEDA, Ryouhei FUKUMI, Sumio KUMAI1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 20-27
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of dietary arginine content on plasma cholesterol levels was investigated in chicks fed the 18% protein diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol for 10 days. In the first two experiments, effect of diet deficient in arginine, methionine or glycine on plasma total cholesterol levels was studied using casein and soybean protein isolate as dietary protein sources. Arginine deficiency severely depressed growth rate and elevated plasma total cholesterol levels in chicks fed casein diet, although this hypercholesterolemic action was not observed in the diet without cholesterol. Feeding diet deficient in methionine or glycine retarded growth rate, but did not affect plasma cholesterol levels. The following experiment showed that adding toxic levels of lysine to casein diet accelerated the growth retardation and hypercholesterolemia due to arginine deficiency. While, graded supplementation of arginine above the requirement linearly decreased plasma total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels without adverse effect on growth performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Hajime OTANI, Katsuyuki MATSUMOTO, Masao HIRAO1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 28-31
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Shigeki ABE, Yasuo SHIOYA1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 32-37
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to determine the effect of various temperature during transportation of ovaries on the development of bovine follicular oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Ovaries were transported in physiological saline at 4°C (group 1), 10°C (group 2), 20°C (group 3), and 38°C as the control of each group. It took 2-4h from the collection of ovaries at the slaughterhouse to the collection of oocytes from the ovaries. Oocytes surrounded with compact layers of cumulus cells were cultured for 20-22h and then inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa capacitated with heparin. At 72 h after insemination, oocytes were evaluated for cleavage and 2- to 16- cell embryos were co-cultured with cumulus cell monolayer for 3-7 days. There was no significant difference in the proportion of cleaved embryos between group 3 (74.3%, 409/550) and the control (68.7%, 368/536), but the proportion of cleaved embryos were significantly lower in group 1 (12.1%, 103/851) and group 2 (16.3%, 69/423) than with those from each control (66.1%, 530/802 and 74.5%, 266/357, P<0.01). Similarly, the proportion of embryos that developed to blastocysts was not significantly different between group 3 (16.2%, 89/550) and the control (14.5%, 78/536), but was significantly lower in group 1 (0.9%, 8/851) and group 2 (2.0%, 8/423) than each of the control (15.7%, 126/802 and 21.6%, 77/357, P<0.01). These results indicated that ovaries can be transported in physiological saline at 20°C for 4 h without reducing the fertilizability of oocytes and the capability of early embryos to develop to blastocysts, but the lower temperatures(10°C and 4°C) are detrimental to the oocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (407K) -
Katsuhito ANADA, Yoshiyuki SASAKI, Naoto NAKANISHI, Toshio YAMAZAKI1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 38-44
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 5-6th rib cross section of beef carcasses was analyzed by an image analyzer. The measurements obtained for the prediction of carcass composition were the areas of total, lean, fat and bone in cm2; the ratio of the total area to lean, fat, bone, subcutaneous fat, M. longissimus and M. trapezius in % ; the area (cm2), circular length (cm), long axis length (cm) and short axis length (cm) for both the M. longissimus and M. trapezius; and the distance between the center of gravity of M. longissimus and that of M. trapezius. A stepwise regression analysis was used to choose the best regression equation to predict carcass composition as total kilograms and percentages of lean, fat and bone. The most important variable found to predict the percentage of lean was total area or fat area (cm2), while that to predict the percentages of fat or bone was fat area percentage. Coefficents of determination adjusted for the degrees of freedom (R2) from the regression equations for the percentages of lean, fat and bone were 0.727, 0.864 and 0.905, respectively. The most important variable to predict total kilograms of lean, fat and bone was total area (cm2). In predicting total kilograms of fat and bone, the distance between the centers of muscles was an important independent variable. The R2 were as high as 0.9.View full abstractDownload PDF (507K) -
Michi YAMADA, Shoei SUGITA1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 45-53
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe localization of the primary retinorecipient nucleus in the hypothalamus and ventral anterior thalamus of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturunix japonica) was achieved through the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Thirteen and four Japanese quails were used for the HRP and the cytoarchitectural study. Twentyfive to thirty microliters of 30% HRP solution were injected into the vitreous body of one eye under sodium pentobarbitarl anesthesia (1.3mg/30g) . Fortyeight hours later, each bird was perfused intracardially with a 500ml fixative containing 1% paraformaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in a 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH7.4) . The brains were cut into serial transverse sections of 60μm and each section was treated with tetramethyl benzidine (TMB). The retinofugal fibers entered the contralateral brain stems and terminated the hypothalamic and thalamic regions. No labeled terminals were found in the ipsilateral brain stem. In the hypothalamic region, HRP terminals were found just lateral to the third ventricle and to the bottom of the lateral margins of the hypothalamus. In cytoarchitectural study, the former region was denser population of cells than the latter region. However there was no cell size difference between those two hypothalamic retinorecipient nuclei. Thus we called the former region the medial retinorecipient hypothalamic nucleus (MRH), and the latter region the lateral retinorecipient hypothalamic nucleus (LRH). In the ventral anterior thalamic regions, the terminals were found the lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) and the lateral anterior thalamus (LA); both terminals were strong reaction. According by Nissl preparation, GL was divided into two layers: namely neuropil (GLn) and inner layer (GLi). GLi had dense neuronal population and occupied 1/4 of dorsal part of GL. GLn neurons scattered and occupied 3/4 of ventral part of GL. Retionfugal projections in GL was found in both GLn and GLi. Labeling was weakly in GLi compared with GLn. Sparsely terminals were found in the ventrolateral thalamus (VLT) and intercalatus thalamus (ICT). The terminals in VLT were forming the bundle covering the LA terminals. In addition, the ICT terminals were not reported in the studies of chicks, chickens and pigeons conducted previously by other researchers. Therefore, those terminals form in VLT and ICT were considered as a special retinofugal projection system in Japanese quail.View full abstractDownload PDF (2228K) -
Tsunenori IRIKI, Masayuki FUNABA, Yukihiro INOUE, Matanobu ABE1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 54-59
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour Holstein steers weighing about 250kg and fitted with a duodenal cannula were used in two experiments to examine the effects of administration of sodium salts of monensin (MN), salinomycin (SL) and lasalocid (LA) into the duodenum on metabolism independent of the rumen fermentation. Twenty miligrams of each ionophore in Expt 1 and 50mg each in Expt 2 were dissolved in 2 and 3ml ethanol, respectively, and injected into the duodenum at 9:30, i.e. 1h after the morning feeding. In each case, four animals were assigned to four treatments including the injection of vehicle (2 or 3ml ethanol) as a control in a 4×4 Latin square design on every other day. Jugular blood were taken from -15 to 240min after the injection, and the concetrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and minerals (Na, K, Mg, Ca and inorganic P) were measured. Although any ionophore did not affect these concentrations at the dose of 20mg, the administration of 50mg MN decreased significantly the serum NEFA concentration without a significant effect on the concentrations of plasma glucose and minerals. The administration of 50mg LA also tended to decrease the serum NEFA, whereas the administration of 50mg SL did not affect not only the plasma concentrations of glucose and minerals but also the serum NEFA concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Noboru FURUKAWA, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI, Yoshitada YAMANAKA, Yukiyoshi YOK ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 60-67
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of water soluble fraction (KGP) from kefir grain on the glucose consumption and phagocytosis of peritoneal exudate cells, both in vitro and in vivo, were examined. In vitro, the addition of KGP stimulated the glucose consumption of thioglycolate induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from normal BDF 1 mice. This effect corresponded to the increase of the addition, and 100μg/ml of KGP had the same effect as 100;μg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In resident peritoneal cells (RPC) from C 57 BL/6 mice, glucose consumption increased via the addition of KGP, KGM (water insoluble fraction from kefir grain) and PSK (Krestin, Kureha chemical industry), but this response was not affected by the amounts of additives. When mice fed 7 times with 20mg/kg/day of KGP before and after transplantation of the Lewis lung carcinoma, the increase in glucose consumption of PEC from BDF 1 mice was about 2 times higher than that for control mice. On the other hand, no effect was found in normal BDF 1 mice to be coused by the oral administration of KGP. In C 57 BL/6 mice fed 6 times with 20mg/kg/day of KGP, the glucose consumption of RPC from normal mice and Lewis bearing mice increased 2 times more than control mice. The phagocytosis of adherent cells in RPC from normal C 57 BL/6 was stimulated and the numbers of phagocytized polybeads increased with a 7 times addition of KGP and KGM (100mg/kg/day) by the oral route. In Lewis bearing mice, the phagocytosis increased approximately 30% higher than that for normal mice, but there were no effects on the phagocytosis and the number of phagocytized polybeads via the oral administration of KGP, KGM and PSK.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Hiroshi SATO, Akira WATANABE1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 68-70
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Keigo KUCHIDA, Toshihiro YAMAGISHI, Hisashi SHINOHARA, Masahiko TAKIMO ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 71-73
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (207K) -
Kazunari USHIDA1993 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 74-87
Published: January 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1776K)
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