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Volume 64, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Tsutomu HASHIZUME, Shigeto KANEMATSU1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 553-560
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of galanin was studied on the release of growth hormone (GH) from perifused medial basal hypothalami (MBH) and/or adenohypophyses of steers in a sequential double chamber perifusion system. Galanin stimulated significant GH release at the doses of 10-7, 10-8 (P⟨⟨0.01) and 10-9M (P⟨0.05) in perifusion groups containing pituitary fragments alone compared with control perifusion group. The elevation induced by galanin in perifusion groups containing pituitary fragment alone tended to be in a dose dependent manner. In contrast to these results, galanin stimulated significant GH release only at the dose of 10-7M in perifusion groups containing both the hypothalamus and pituitary fragments in tandem (P⟨0.01). The present results suggest that galanin stimulates GH release by acting directly on the adenohypophysis in cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Masayuki FUNABA, Kazuo TAKAHASHI, Tsunenori IRIKI, Matanobu ABE1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 561-567
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of weaning on Ca metabolism was examined in calves weaned early (5wk of age, E) or late (11wk of age, L). Six male Holstein calves aged 5 wk (64.8kg in body weight) were divided into the L and the E group, and Ca balance and renal Ca clearance in both groups were measured at the 1st, the 6th, the 8th, the 11th and the 19th wk after weaning of the E group. Body weight gain was depressed at wk 1, but it was not different between the L group and the E group after wk 6, resulting in the slight depression of body weight in the E group at the end of the study. Solid feed intake was stimulated shortly after early-weaning, while daily TDN intake tended to be slightly decreased in the E group till wk 6. Ca-absorption was depressed in the E group just after early-weaning, leading to the decreased Ca-retention. Weaning decreased Ca-absorption also in the L group irrespective of the constant intake of Ca. Since glomerular filtration rate was increased with days after weaning, filtered Ca across the glomeruli was also increased. However, most of Ca were reabsorbed into renal tubule and only a minor part of filtered Ca was excreted via urine (⟨7%). Weaning did not affect renal Ca handling as well as plasma Ca concentration so clearly. Early-wearing caused the decrease in Ca-absorption, suggesting the deleterious effect of retained Ca in body, especially in bone.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
Taketo OBITSU, Kohzo TANIGUCHI, Yoji YAMATANI1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 568-577
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix male Holstein calves aged 6 to 14 wk were intraruminally given volatile fatty acids (VFA) containing acetic, propionic and butyric acids in the molar proportions 48:42:10 and 76:14:10 with abomasal infusion of casein. Calves were weaned at 5 to 7 wk of age and were then wholly nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. Gross energy and nitrogen (N) infused was 570kJ/kg BW0.75 and 1.0g/kg BW0.75, respectively. Heat production, N balance and concentrations of plasma metabolites were determined every 2 wk from age 6 to 14 wk. Plasma concentrations of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate were affected by the proportion of VFA. Heat production per unit metabolic body weight was not affected by the proportion of VFA, but tended todecrease with advancing age. At age 10 and 12wk, N retention for calves with the low propionate was lower than with the high propionate. These results indicate that, for a few weeks after weaning, the decrease in the ruminal propionate proportion probably reduces the N use for body protein synthesis in young calves, even though the decrease in the propionate proportion is within the normal range found in ruminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Soichi IMAI, Mitsuto MATSUMOTO, Akira WATANABE, Hiroshi SATO1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 578-583
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRumen ciliate composition was surveyed on 19 Japanese sika deer, Cervus nippon centralis, in Tohoku district, Japan. As a result of survey, 9 species of 4 genera were detected. All the ciliate of the genus Entodinium were devoid of caudal spines. Of the species, Entodinium abruptum MACLENNAN, 1935 and Diplodinium rangiferi DOGIEL, 1925 were those which had been only from deer. In the species composition, Entodinium simplex was the most predominant with the value of 37.6% on average of total ciliates. The dominance of E. simplex was maintained despite of the season in which the deer were captured. Diplodinium rangiferi was also found with high composition rate (23.6% on average). The ciliate density ranged from 0.7 to 58.1×104 per 1ml of the rumen fluid.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Diego P. MORGAVI, Ryoji ONODERA, Takashi NAGASAWA1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 584-592
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe predation of ruminal anaerobic fungi by ruminal protozoa was studied using an in vitro system. Two fungi Neocallimastix sp. and Piromyces sp., were isolated from a goat. Mixed rumen ciliate protozoa obtained from goats and suspended in MB 9 buffer solution were incubated anaerobically with each freeze-dried fungus at 39°C for up to 24h. The total amount of chitin in cultures, and glucosamine and amino acids released in the medium were monitored. The total amount of chitin through the incubation period tended to decrease in the case of Piromyces sp. and in the case of Neocallimastix sp. it decreased a little, though not significantly in both cases. However, the glucosamine released in the medium after 24h of incubation had a significant increment (P⟨0.05) in both cases. The rise of glucosamine in the medium suggests that rumen protozoa have chitinolytic activity. The fact that free amino acids liberated by protozoa in the medium increased (P⟨⟨0.01) in the presence of fungus is a confirmation of their action in the ruminal turnover of fungal protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
Shusuke SATO, Kosaku KURODA1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 593-598
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbstract In order to investigate the behavioural problems of artificially reared calves (AR calves), the behaviour of 13AR calves was compared with that of 6 naturally suckled calves (NS calves). AR calves were separated from their dams immediatly after birth and put into indoor individual pens. They were fed milk twice a day from open buckets until 30 days old. Hay and calf starters were fed ad libitum from 1 week old. NS calves and their dams were grazed from 09.00 to 15.00 in a paddock with a complex environment. After grazing, they returned to an open barn and calves were fed calf starters ad libitum. The behaviour of calves at 10 and 30 days old was individually monitored from 09.00 to 15.00 in both groups and additionally for the rest of a 24h period for AR calves. Behaviour was recorded every 1min using instantaneous sampling. AR calves were not able to perform social behaviour because they were housed individually; they did, however, suck inanimate objects, which was not observed in NR calves. AR calves showed lying, ruminating and autogrooming more and milk ingesting, investigating and moving less than NS calves. It is suggested that the increase in lying, rumination and autogrooming and the occurrence of non-nutritive sucking may result from frustration, associated with the suppression of social behaviour, suckling, moving and investigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Akiyoshi HOSONO, Naoko SATAKE1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 599-604
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken in onder to determine basic aspects of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris R-48 which was isolated from "dadih", an Indonesian traditional fermented milk product. Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris R-48 produced SOD optimally at 37°C, and production of SOD reached a maximum in 24h. The enzyme was purified about 18.6 fold to homogeneity from a cell free extract via ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The enzyme had its optimum activity in the neutral pH range from 6.5 to 8.0, and was quite stable when exposed to a 70°C temperature for 30 min at pH 7.0. The enzyme was not inactivated by metal ions like Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and K+, or by reagents like ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and H2O2.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
Haruki KITAZAWA, Takahiro YAMAGUCHI, Yuko FUJIMOTO, Takatoshi ITOH1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 605-607
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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Michi YAMADA, Shoei SUGITA1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 608-613
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe retinal projection to the dorsal anterior thalamic area was examined in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase method (HRP method). Thirteen Japanese quails were used for the HRP method four Japanese quails were used for the Nissl preparation to study cytoarchitecture. Twenty-five to thirty microliters of 30% HRP solution in physiological saline were injected into the vitreous body of the unilateral eye under sodium pentobarbitarl anesthesia (1.3mg/30g). Forty-eight hours after the injection, each bird was perfused intracardially with a 500ml fixative containing 1% paraformaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in a 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The brains were cut into serial frontal sections of 60μm and stained with tetramethyl benzidine(TMB), The retinofugal fibers entered the contralateral brain stem and terminated in the rostrolateral part of the dorsolateral anterior thalamic nucleus (DLAIr), lateral part of the dorsolateral anterior thalamic nucleus (DLL), magnocellular part of the dorsol anteral anterior thalamic nucleus (DLAmc) and medial part of the dorsolateral anterior thalamic nucleus (DLM), in the dorsal anterior thalamic area. DLAlr was the strongest labeled mucleus in the dorsal anterior thalamic retinorecipient nuclei. Based on cell density, DLL was histologically divided into the following three zones: A, B and C. The zone A was just dorsal to the nucleus rotundus and the cell population of the zone A was of high density. The zone B was dorso-medial to the zone A, and the cell population of the zone B was sparser than that of the zone A. The zone C was dorso-medial to the zone B and the cell population of the zone C was denser than of the zone B. Although retinofugal projections in DLL were found in all three zones, the zone A was labeled stronger than the other two zones. In the caudal part of DLL, a part of the zone A invaded the zone B, just like the finger form by the distribution pattern of HRP terminals. Sparsely HRP-labeled termials were found in the lateral part of the DLM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Tomohiro ORIBE, Dan LI, Manabu YAMADA, Toshitaka HORIUCHI1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 614-622
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVenous distribution in the ovary of the laying hen was observed three dimensionally by using methyl methacrylate blood vascular casts. The ovary of the laying hen consisted of a massive tissue in the dorsal part and was divided into 7 to 9 cluster-like ovaries in the ventral part. In the ovarian cortex of the cluster-like ovary (CLO), a venous capillary network (VCN) was distributed in the ovarian cortex, where many traces of immature follicles were seen. A thick collecting venous network (CVN) was situated on the inner side of the VCN, which collected the venous branches of the VCN. In the ovarian medulla of the CLO, a main trunk vein (MTV) ran through the central part of the ovarian medulla and collected the venous branches space of the CVN and other veins. The MTV collected most of the veins distributed in the CLO and ascended to the dorsal part of the ovary. In the dorsal part of the ovary, the MTV ascending from each of the CLO's converged at the dorsal part of the ovary and anastomosed each other, forming into 2 to 3 ovarian veins. These ovarian veins drained into three portions, those are, the caudal vena cava, the left common iliac vein, and the confluent portion of the right and left common iliac vein. In the follicular stalk of the developed follicle, it has been reported that 2 to 4 veins drained from the follicular stalk into the CLO. In this study, the above findings were obtained in the follicular stalk near the follicular membrane, but it was recognized frequently that these veins anastomosed each other in the follicular stalk and became one vein, which drained into the CLO.View full abstractDownload PDF (2200K) -
Effect of Medium Chain Triglyceride Feeding on Blood Metabolite Levels and Fiber Digestion in SteersHiroshi SATO, Eisaku TSUNEISHI1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 623-628
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the dietary utilization of medium chain triglyceride (MCT), its effects on plasma metabolite profiles and fiber digestibilities were estimated in steers. The MCT used in the present experiment was a mixture of tricaprylin (C8) and tricaprin (C10), approximately at a 6: 4 ratio. Concentrate diets supplemented with 10% of MCT (M diet), 10% of long chain triglyceride (LCT; L diet), and no supplement (C diet) were each given in a Latin square design for 3 weeks feeding periods, using 6 steers. Alfalfa cube was given throughout each period. In the last week of each period, fecal samples were taken for 5 days, and blood samples were taken before and 4hrs after feeding. There was no significant difference among treatments in plasma acetate and 3-HB levels before feeding. These levels increased after feeding; 3-HB and acetoacetate levels rose markedly in MCT treatment. This ketonemia is considered to be caused not only by alimentary ketogenesis from ruminal butyrate but also by hepatic ketogenesis from the absorbed MCT. Plasma glucose and lactate levels before feeding showed no difference among treatments. However, these levels after feeding were significantly lower in the MCT treatment. Plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels for the LCT treatment were significantly higher than the other treatments. Plasma NEFA and triglyceride (TG) levels after feeding were higher in the LCT treatment, though the differences before feeding were non-significant. Plasma insulin levels, before or after feeding showed no difference among treatments. Digestibilities of NDF and ADF declined with the MCT treatment. No difference was observed in crude protein (CP) digestibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Fumio NAKAMASU, Bagus P. PURWANTO, Sadaki YAMAMOTO1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 629-636
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of environmental temperature and heat production on mean body temperature of heifers. In the first experiment, the animals were exposed to 16, 24 and 32°C for 10 day periods. The second experiment involved short exposures of 6h at 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C, and the third experiment was a study on the relationship of heat production and mean body temperature by variation in TDN intake (62, 50 and 37g/kg0.75 day) at 15 and 30°C. Heat production (HP), respiration rate (RR), skin temperature (ST) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured. Mean body temperature (Tb) was calculated as 0.86 RT+0.14 mean skin temperature (MST). In the experiment 1, the level of Tb depended on environmental temperature, and its diurnal variation was influenced by the change in HP and drinking. The results of experiment 2 and 3 showed that Tb was closely correlated (P⟨0.01) with environmental temperature and HP, the correlation coefficients were 0.04 (°C/°C) and 0.09 (°C/kJ (/kg0.75 h)), respectively. It was concluded that Tb was an important parameter of the study on thermal environment effect in cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (544K) -
Junichi TAKAHASHI, Sada ANDO, Makiko WATANABE, Naomi YAMAMOTO, Hiroshi ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 637-644
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The in-vitro experiments were conducted to investigate suppressing effect of tungsten on nitrate reduction and reduced digestion of the structural components of forages in the presence of nitrate. 2. Coarsely strained rumen fluid from Suffolk Down wethers maintained on Orchardgrass (Dactylis glornerata L) hay was used as an inoculum. Anaerobic incubation with wilted Orchardgrass silage (DM 67.1%) as a substrate was carried out for 24 hours for each medium supplemented with or without 21.43mM nitrate and/or 100μM tungstate. 3. The reduced amount of nitrate and concentration of nitrite formed decreased due to tangstate added. In consequence, addition of tungstate resulted in the suppression of nitrate-induced reduction of NDF and ADF digestion and VFA production. 4. It was suggested that an alternative action of tungsten could affect directly on rumen microbial populations responsible for digestion of forage fiber components.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Masahiro NUMATA, Yoshimi SOEDA, Yoshifusa KONDO, Toyoo NAKAMURA1993 Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 645-651
Published: June 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of bovine liver on the non-heme iron solubility, defined as an in vitro measure of total iron bioavailability, were studied. The iron solubility increased remarkably in the presence of the water-soluble fraction from bovine liver and its digestion product, prepared under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Their solubilization capacities were observed with the fractions ranging in MW from 10, 000-3, 000 for the former and 3, 000-1, 000 for the latter, respectively. Both capacities were much higher than that of the salt soluble fraction from chicken muscle. To measure the iron solubilization of the fractionated digestion product by ion exchange chromatography, components related to the solubilization seemed to be three types of peptides having different charge each other. Cystine was not detected in the fraction containing the components with the solubilization capacity. These results suggest that the water-soluble fractions from bovine liver function as iron absorption enhancers by forming the low molecular weight soluble iron complexs without being through sulfhydryl groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K)
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