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Volume 65, Issue 10
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yoshi KAWAMOTO, Takao NAMIKAWA, Takashi AMANO, Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI, Fen ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 911-917
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMilk protein variations were examined in four local breeds of yellow cattle (Zhaotong cattle, Wenshan cattle, Dali cattle and Banna cattle) in Yunnan province, China. Simultaneous phenotyping by thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing on 81 samples detected five molecular types of/β lactoglobulin(A, B, E, Y and Z), three molecular types of αs1-casein(B, C and X), four molecular types of β-casein (A1, A2, A3 and.B), and three molecular types ofκ-casein (A, B and Y). Though there was little difference in the types of predominant alleles of milk protein loci, their frequencies varied among local breeds. Mean heterozygosity was high in Zhaotong cattle (36%) and Wenshan cattle (45%) but low in Banna cattle (20%). The result of principal component analysis supported the "intermediate hypothesis" which regards the yellow cattle as an intermediate between Indian and European cattle. The proximity to Indian and European cattle was different among local Yunnan breeds. Zhaotong cattle was close to Europe-an breeds whereas Wenshan, Dali and Banna cattle were close to Indian breeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (1665K) -
Tomoki HIGUCHI, Tomoki SOH, Frank HERTELENDY, Kousaku TANAKA1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 918-922
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of catechclamines and dibenamine, an α-adrenergic blocker, on ovulation in the perfused fowl ovary were studied. Ovaries removed 16-18h before the expected ovulation time of the first (C1) or second (C2) follicle of a clutch sequence were perfused in vitro with perfusion fluid containing the compounds, Both epinephrine (10-5M) and norepinephrine (10-5M) were highly effective in inducting ovulation of either C1 or C2 follicles, at a rate of 88% and 80%, respectively, which was comparable to the efficacy of gonadotrophin treatment alone (88% and 82%). Dibenamine (10-4M) added 30min prior to gonadotrophins suppressed the ovulation of only C2 follicles (18%), while the ovulation rate in the C1 group was 57%.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Akira OKANO, Masashi TAKAHASHI1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 923-927
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to determine the effect of bovine, porcine and avian amniotic fluid (AmF) on the in vitro development of mouse embryos. The growth rates from 2-cell embryo through to hatched blastocyst (HBlast) were examined in whole AmF or in culture media supplemented with and without AmF for 96h. Whole bovine, porcine and avian AmF were not effective for the development of mouse embryos cultured in vitro. In a BSA-free M16 medium supplemented with 10% bovine AmF, the development of 2-cell embryos was equal to that in M16 supplemented with BSA. The effective factor in bovine AmF was destroyed by heat treatment at 100°C for 5min, and was not absorbed with Dextran-charcoal treatment. The moleculsr weight (MW) of this fraction was less than 104. Therefore, this factor is not asteroid or a lipid but presumably a polypeptide of MW less than 104.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Junjiro SEKINE, Hossam E. M. KAMEL, Ryozo OURA1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 928-941
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the effects of hay lignin content on the particle size distribution of dry matter (DM), cellulose and acid detergent lignin (ADL) in the rumen, cecum and large intestine (colon and rectum), digestion trial and slaughter experiments were carried out using 8 and 12 sheep, respectively. Animals were given one of two varieties of orchardgrass first cut hay with an ADL content of 4.3% or 8.3% (HAY 1 or HAY 2) at a level of 2% of live weight. For the slaughter experiment, animals were slaughtered at 2 and 24h after feeding. Digesta from each site in the alimentary tract were totally collected and sieved into 4 fractions such as large particle (LP), medium particle (MP), small particle (SP), and fine particle and liquid (FPL) fractions by a wet sieving technique. The apertures in the sieves used were 1.180, 0.300 and 0.045 mm. The results obtained were as follows. Digestibilities of DM, cellulose and cellular content were significantly higher for HAY 1 than HAY 2 (P<0.05). On the basis of empty body weight, the quantity of DM intake was greater for HAY 1 than HAY 2. Decreased quantities of DM in the rumen for HAY 1 were greatly assisted by a decreased LP fraction. For HAY 2, both LP and smaller particle fractions contributed to the reduction of DM in the rumen. The particle fractions of cellulose showed a similar pattern of distribution to DM in the rumen. The LP fraction occupied a minute portion of digesta in the cecum and large intestine. DM quantities did not differ between 2 and 24h after feeding in the cecum and large intestine. The LP fraction is inferred to cause no appreciable size reduction in the cecum. The particle distribution is inferred to be the same between the cecum and large intestine. For HAY 1, the SP fraction of cellulose in the rumen decreased in 24h and the proportion of cellulose in a particle of SP fraction was smaller than the MP fraction. The FPL fraction of cellulose showed a greater decrease both in pool size and its proportion. For HAY 2, the SP fraction of cellulose increased, but that of ADL decreased 24h after feeding. The proportion of cellulose in this fraction tended to be smaller than MP and that of ADL tended to be greater than MP. The particle distribution in the cecum did not differ between 2 and 24h after feeding, but the proportion of cellulose in a particle of SP fraction tended to be smaller than LP and MP for both hays. A higher lignin content is inferred to have an adverse effect on the digestion of fiber in the rumen, but it tends to accelerate the outflow of small particles from the rumen.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Yasuaki HATORI, Go NOGUCHI, Michiaki ITOH, Teru ISHIBASHI1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 942-949
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrior to the series of experiment to determine the individual amino acid requirement, effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level for maximum performance, plasma concentrations of amino acids and biochemical components of female growing pigs were investigated. Twenty female growing pigs weighing about 25.2kg were allotted to 5 groups of 4 pigs and group-fed experimental diets ad libitum for 21 days. The experimental diets were mainly consisted of corn, soybean meal and wheat bran, and formulated to meet 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of the requirements by Japanese Feeding Standard for Swine (JFSS, 1987) for lysine, sulfur amino acids and threonine. The experimental diets contained CP ranging 10.3 to 14.9% and 13.9MJ digestible energy/kg of diet. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly and blood samples were taken on the last day of the experimental period for determinations of plasma concentration of amino acids and other biochemical components. Though the average daily body weight gain continued to increase until 120% of JFSS requirements, the average daily body weight gain and feed efficiency expected from JFSS were achieved on the 110% diet. The responses of plasma amino acid concentrations were categorized into 3 different types; increased, decreased and remained constant with increasing dietary amino acid levels. Plasma concentrations of arginine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, asparagine and serine increased (P<0.05) and those of histidine and glycine also tended to increase with increasing dietary amino acid levels. Those of phenylalanine, tyrosine and proline tended to decrease and those of leucine, lysine, alanine and aspartic acid remained constant. Plasma concentrations of biochemical components except for albumin, β-lipoprotein and total protein were not affected by dietary amino acid levels. Plasma urea nitrogen, however, increased when dietary amino acid levels increased from 80 to 90%, remained constant up to 110% and then more increased to 120% amino acid level, but not significant, which suggested that the supplied all amino acids were used effectively between 90 to 110% and exceeded the requirements on 120%.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Masaru SAKURADA, Diego P. MORGAVI, Yoshifumi TOMITA, Ryoji ONODERA1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 950-955
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo anaerobic rumen fungi Piromyces sp. OTS3 and Neocallimastix sp. OTS4 isolated from a goat were tested for their ability to degrade urea. The fungal cultures were not contaminated with mycoplasmas. Replacement of the trypticase and yeast extract components of Medium 10 with urea decreased the growth of Piromyces sp. OTS3 the same as the growth in Medium 10 without trypticase and yeast extract. Urea degradation was not demonstrated in the cultures of Piromyces sp. OTS3 or Neocallimastix sp. OTS4. Fungal growth and urea concentration in the medium were not correlated for Piromyces sp. OTS3 (r=0.052) or Necallimastix sp. OTS 4(r=0.324). However, fungal growth and ammonia concentration in the medium were correlated for Piromyces sp. OTS3 (r=-0.838) and Neocallimastix sp. OTS4 (r=-0.889). No ammonia was produced from urea by any washed cells of Piromyces sp. OTS3. Piromyces sp. OTS3 homo-genates did not degrade urea and did not produce ammonia from urea. These results suggest that Piromyces sp. OTS 3 and Neocallimastix sp. OTS4 have no ureolytic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Kazuaki TAKAHASHI, Shigeru KONASHI, Yukio AKIBA, Masaaki HORIGUCHI1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 956-960
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were conducted to determine the relationship between antibody production and performance in male broilers fed a threonine (Thr)-deficient or -excessive diet during the starting period. Chicks (10 days of age) were ad libitum- or pair-fed diets containing 0.58, 0.80 or 1.02% Thr in a 23% crude protein (CP) diet for 17 days. Body weight and feed efficiency in chicks fed the diet containing 0.58% Thr were lower than those in chicks fed the other diets, and did not significantly differ between chicks fed the diets containing 0.80 and 1.02% Thr under either feeding condition. An increase in dietary Thr level reduced the abdominal fat weight in the pair-fed chicks, but not in the ad libitum-fed chicks. Antibody titers to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) and Brucella abortus (Ba), and the weight of the spleen, bursa and thymus did not differ between dietary treatments. The results indicate that the Thr requirement for antibody production does not coincide with that for maximum growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
Shigeru MORITA, Susumu NISHINO1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 961-967
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour Holstein steers were assigned randomly to a 4×4 Latin square with the following restricted amounts of concentrate offered: 0, 30, 50 and 75g per metabolic body size (MBS), in order to examine the voluntary intake of low-quality grass hay, and also changes in eating and ruminating behavior. The voluntary hay intake was highest in the 30g treatment, and lowest in the 75g treatment. Meals were separated by eating intervals of no more than 4 minutes, regardless of concentrate intake, by examining the distribution of length of eating bouts and inter-bout intervals. The time spent on meals was longest and the number of meals was lowest in the 30g treatment. The eating rate of hay did not differ between the treatments. The time spent on rumination was longest in the 30g treatment. The latent period of rumination activity after the diet was offered was longest in the 0g treatment. The time spent on meals within 3 hours after feeding was longest in the 0g treatment. The time spent on meals from 3 hours after feeding to the next feeding was longest in the 30g treatment. In both periods, the time spent on meals was shortest in the 75g treatment. There was no relationship between the time spent on rumination periods and that on the preceding meal, but there was positive correlation between the time spent on rumination periods and that spent on the following meal. From these results, the effect of concentrate intake on hay eating behavior changed with time after feeding, and a small supplement of concentrate was necessary to increase the daily hay intake, since the protein content was low.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Miharu YONAI, Masaya GESHI, Minoru SAKAGUCHI, Osamu SUZUKI1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 968-974
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of nutrition on postpartum reproductive performance in beef cows that produced twin calves. Data were collected from 37 Japanese Black and Japanese Shorthorn after artificial insemination or embryo transfer. Pregnancy was confirmed using the real-time ultrasonic scanning method on Days 46 to 88 of gestation and the number of fetuses was recorded. A group of cows with a single fetus (Group C, 20 cows) was fed a diet conforming 100% to the Japanese Feeding Standard (JFS) for Beef Cattle (1987) requirements for TDN during the last 2 months of pregnancy. Cows with twin fetuses were divided into two groups and fed either 100% (Group 1, 6 cows) or 120% (Group 2, 11 cows) of the JFS diet during the last 2 months of pregnancy. After parturition, the cows in Group C and I were fed 100% of the requirement, and cows in Group 2 were fed 120% of the requirement for 3 months. The ovarian activity of the cows was investigated daily by rectal palpation from 7 days after parturition, and estrus behavior was observed twice a day. In order to determine the cows' energy status, blood samples were collected and blood metabolite concentrations (glucose, 3 hydroxybutylate, none-esterified fatty acids) during the pre- and post-partum experimental period were analyzed.
Intervals from parturition to the 1st ovulation were not significantly different among the groups. When cows having twin fetuses were fed according to the JFS diet for cows having a single fetus before parturition, the interval from parturition to the 1st estrus became longer than for Group 2 and C. From the measurements of blood metabolite concentrations, it was found that the energy status of the cows in Group 1 was deficient during the prepartum period. On the other hand, the blood metabolite concentrations of Group 2 and C did not differ during the experimental period.
The results indicate that the 1st ovulation after parturition of twinning cows is not influenced by nutrition, and that the interval from parturition to the 1st estrus of twinning cows can be shortened by a 120% level of JFS diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Ken-ichi KOMINE, Shougo ABE, Minoru IZUM, Shouko ENDO, Jyun-ichi SAKAI ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 975-981
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlpha 1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AG) is a family of acute inflammatory phase proteins in serum, of which the serum α1-AG concentration in inflammatory diseased or operated bovines is much higher than that in healthy ones. The present study was conducted in order to compare fundamental analytical precision tests via nepherometric immunoasssay (NIA) and turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) for automated analysis with the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) method. As a result, the analytical ranges of α1-AG were 12 to 2, 500 and 20 to 2, 000, μg/ml for the NIA and TIA methods, respectively. For either method, we could not confirm the influence of any obstacles such as hemoglobin, cohesive bilirubin (C), free bilirubin (F) or ascorbic acid. However, there was a slight decrease in α1-AG values due to chyles in NIA. Linear lines drawn via decreasing optical density were observed up to 1, 200μg/ml. Simultaneous repeatability compared favorably with the coefficients of variance which were less than 2%. When the serum α1-AG concentrations collected from 48 healthy Holstein calves aged 7 to 14 days old were measured by NIA, TIA and SRID, the mean value±SD were 437.5±174.0, 419.0±154.3 and 432.8±195.2(μg/ml), respectively, demonstrating that a significant correlation showed (r=0.98) among these 3 methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Tatsuo KUBO, Hiroyuki SUGIMOTO, Kunio SUGAHARA1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 982-984
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (249K) -
Satoshi ANDO1994 Volume 65 Issue 10 Pages 985-987
Published: October 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (206K)
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