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Volume 65, Issue 11
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tsutomu HASHIZUME, Shinichiro KOYAMA, Sigeto KANEMATSU1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 993-998
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on the release of growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) were studied in cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells in vitro. PACAP significantly increased the release of GH compared with controls at the concentrations of 10-9, 10-8 and 10-7M by 29% (P<0.05), 51% (P<0.05) and 79% (P<0.01), respectively. The PACAP significantly increased the release of LH compared with controls at the concentrations of 10-10, 10-9, 10-8, and 10-7M by 26%, 37%, 65%, and 137%, respectively, (P<0.01). In contrast to the results for GH and LH, PACAP had no effect on the release of PRL. The elevations of both GH and LH induced by PACAP were in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). These results suggest that PACAP stimulates the release of GH and LH by acting directly on bovine pituitary cells in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Tokie SEKINE, Emiko WATANABE, Teru ISHIBASHI1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 999-1007
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo enable nutritional management to prevent leg abnormalities of broiler chicks, the effect of dietary levels of amino acids (AA), and calcium (Ca), available phosphorus (AP) on bone development of female broilers was investigated. Female 8-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 9 dietary groups of 10 chicks each. They were housed individually in wire cages and consumed the experimental diets and water ad libitum for 14 days. The experimental diets were formulated to provide 80, 100, and 120% of AA (five essential AA were well-balanced), and 50, 100, and 150% of Ca and AP (the Ca: AP ratio was kept to 2.22:1 in all diets) of the NRC requirements. There were no significant interactions between AA and Ca-AP levels on growth variables. Body weight gain was not significantly affected by AA or Ca-AP level. Feed consumption was significantly affected by AA level, but not by Ca-AP level. As for variables of bone development, there were interactive effects between AA and Ca-AP level on bone mineral density at proximal end and proximal diaphysis of tibia. A 150% Ca-AP diet failed to induce further development of tibia in chicks fed a 120% AA diet. The Ca-AP level affected longitudinal growth of tibia, probably at the epiphysis, and promoted bone calcification. On the contrary, the AA level acted on tibial transversal growth at the diaphysis and facilitated bone matrix formation as well as bone calcification.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Tin Myo NWE, Yoko TSUKAHARA, Masaharu MANDA, Shozo WATANABE1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1008-1017
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate a possibility of the participation of sensory-psychological pathway to respond to the stressors at the starting phase of transportation, a swing model experiment and real transportation were conducted using three naive male Tokara goats with indwelling catheters installed in jugular and femoral veins. With the swing model experiment, the caged goat was exposed to 6 repetitions of a module of 15min constituting 10min of irregular and intense movements and 5min of regular movement. With the real transportation the caged animal was loaded on a truck and journeyed along the highway for 3h. During the swing movement, the experimental animal showed scrambling and nervous behaviors. Immediately from the beginning of the first module of the swing, an acute and transitory tachycardia associated with the irregular and intense movements were observed. In contrast to heart rate, respiration rate did not show any association with the swing movements but with the lapse of time of swing treatment. At 30min from the beginning, plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucose had elevated sharply to 4 and 3 times higher than basic values, respectively. At the end of swing, cortisol showed 5 times higher than the basic value and glucose 4 times as high. They returned to the basic values 3h after the termination of the swing movement. The number of eosinophils was decreased by the swing and showed the minimum at 4.5h from the beginning of the swing and then returned to the basic value 12h after the termination of the swing movement except one animal out of the three. The total number of white blood cells gradually increased from the beginning of the swing and reached the two peaks after 3h and 12h from the end of the swing movement. Though the magnitude and duration of the responses were more remarkable during the truck transportation, plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucose showed essentially the same responses as in the swing model experiment. The decrease in the number of eosinophils was observed in two goats out of three from the beginning of the truck journey and then returned to the basic value 15h after the termination of the truck journey. The total number of white blood cells increased from the beginning of the transportation and showed the peak at 2h from the beginning. The timing of rises of plasma cortisol, glucose and the total number of white blood cells, and decrease in the number of eosinophils was synchronized closely at the beginning of the experiments and these responses were able to be identified in both the swing model and real transportation. The behavioral, cortisol and hematological responses at the beginning of the present experiments suggest that the animal was thought to be in a startle reaction with fear and anxiety to the unfamiliar treatments and environment, indicating the participation of sensory-psychological pathway.View full abstractDownload PDF (711K) -
Shingo NAKAZAKI, Kazuhiko TAKAKU, Munenori YUGUCHI, Hitomi EDAMATSU, K ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1018-1025
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCorium pieces obtained from steer hide were pretreated with sodium hydroxide at 25°C for 0-10 days and dispersed mechanically in lactic acid solution, resulting in the preparation of soluble collagen. The acid-dispersed collagen (ADC) obtained was a substantially pure type I collagen which had a large degree of intermolecular cross-linking compared with pepsinsolubilized collagen. The alkaline pretreatment lowered pI (5.4-5.0) and the denaturation temperature(34-30°C) of ADC, while the intermolecular cohesion increased in homogeneity. Therefore, these molecular structures can be regulated by controlling alkaline pretreatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
Hidetoshi MORITA, Ryoichi SAKATA, Shigenori SONOKI, Yukiharu NAGATA1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1026-1033
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteria (119 isolates) from fermented salami, beef jerky and model pickle submerged pork cuts were examined for conversion of metmvoglobin to desirable red mvoglobin derivatives. In nine isolates (SY-1B-SY-9B) from beef jerky and seven isolates (MH-1-MH-7) from model pickle, metmyoglobin was found to undergo conversion to red myoglobin derivatives. Isolates MH-5 and MH-7 were identified as Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus caseolyticus, respectively. S. caseolyticus MH-7 utilized citrate to produce diacetyl/acetoin. All isolates from beef jerky produced oxymyoglobin. Heme-moiety solution extracted from each MRS broth culture inoculated with strains MH-5-MH-7 showed one peak at 399nm in Soret's band. The red MRS culture quickly underwent discoloration on removing cells via centrifugation (10, 000×g, 5min). Acetone (75%) extraction from pork cuts submerged in each MRS broth culture inoculated with strains MH-5 and MH-7 showed absorption peaks at 415, 541 and 583nm. The red myoglobin derivative could not be identified but it was neither oxymyoglobin nor nitrosomyoglobin. The three peaks were virtually the same as those from Parma ham, a traditional meat product in Italy. The results indicate bacteria obtained from meat during curing to possibly contribute to its color and flavor.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Masayuki MIKAMI, Mari NAGAO, Mitsuo SEKIKAWA, Hiroyuki MIURA, Yasuhisa ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1034-1043
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the peptide and free amino acid contents of beef treated with electrical stimulation (ES), Hereford steers were slaughtered. ES was carried out at a low voltage (40V and 13.8Hz) for 0 (cont.), 30 sec (ES30) and 60 sec (ES60). Homogenate and sarcoplasma from M. biceps femoris muscles were prepared and stored at 21±1°C for 0 (6hrs), 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after slaughter. The peptide contents in the both ES30 and ES60 homogenates were greater than in the control from day 0 after slaughter. The amount of peptides in the control, the ES30 and the ES60 homogenates were 162.5, 192, 1 and 198.6mg per 100g meat on day 0, respectively and 356.4, 409.7 and 405.5mg per 100g meat 21 days after slaughter, respectively. The total amount of free amino acids increased during storage, but did not significantly differ between the control and the ES homogenates. However, the content of Glu increased with ES treatment from day 0; measuring 23.3, 31.1 and 32.0mg per 100g meat in the control, the ES30 and the ES60 homogenates 21 days after slaughter, respectively. It is seemed that ES contributed to the improvement of meat flavor or taste, by increasing the peptides and free amino acids, especially Glu. In the stored sarcoplasma, the peptide and free amino acid contents were also investigated under the same conditions as the homogenate. Total amounts of peptides and free amino acids increased during storage in the sarcoplasma also, although these increment corresponded to 45.8-48.5% and 53.9-69.7% of the homogenate storage 21 days after slaughter, respectively. These findings indicate that origins of peptides and free amino acids are derived from myofibrillar proteins as well as sarcoplasma.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Yoshinori TERAWAKI, Eiko SUEDA, Shigenori MATUZAKI, Yoshinobu AKEMI, Y ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1044-1050
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNon-linear growth models were fitted to cross-sectional growth records for testicular and body traits in Holstein bulls. Moreover, the absolute and relative growth of testicular traits on body measurements were examined to determine measurable indices of puberty and the sexual maturation of bulls. Data for scrotal circumference (SCF), testicular consistency (TCT) and testicular width (TWD) were obtained from 57 Holstein bulls, 2 to 64 months of age. Twelve body measurements taken from 20 Holstein bulls, 9 to 64 months of age, were withers height (WH), body length (BL), chest depth (CD), rump length (RL), hip width (HW), thuri width (TW), heart girth (HG) and cannon circle (CC). SCF and TWD increased until 30 and 15 months of age. Thereafter, they increased only slightly and remained relatively constant. TCT declined with advanced age. Relationships between testicular traits and WH or TW were close. In particular, the highest correlation coefficient(0.81, p<0.01)was estimated between WH and SCF. Out of the five non-linear growth models, the best fitted model was Logistic. However, all points of inflection were before 0 months of age. Relative growth of testicular traits on body measurements (diphasic allometry) was positive in the first phase and negative in the second. Inflexion points of SCF and TWD on body measurements were 18 to 20 and 9 to 10 months of age, respectively. These inflexion points have hardly changed regardless of body traits. On the inflexion point, SCF were 34.8cm, and TWD were 46.1cm to 49.3cm.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
Takayoshi KAWAHARA, Tomofumi MASAYA, Minoru NAKATA, Mitsuyashi SUZUKI, ...1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1051-1056
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic parameters on Holstein population associated with 15 linear type traits were estimated by using multiple-trait EM-REML procedures with a sire model. Data consisted of records for 29, 528 cows in first lactation, classified from April 1984 to March 1988 by 9 classifiers of Holstein Cattle Association of Japan, Hokkaido Branch. The highest heritabilites were estimated for stature (0.34), rump-width (0.29) and body depth (0.26). The lowest heritabilites were udder support (0.08), fore udder attachment (0.10), foot angle (0.11) and angularity (0.14). Genetic correlations among stature, strength, body depth, rump-width and rump-length ranged from 0.67 to 0.95. Rear udder width also had genetic correlations of ranged from 0.38 to 0.63 with traits in relation to appearance, and 0.63 with rear udder height. Genetic correlation between fore udder attachment and udder depth was estimated as 0.75. Whereas rump-angle and udder support had the highest negative genetic correlation (-0.34). Phenotypic correlations among stature, strength, body depth, rump-length and rump-width ranged from 0.43 to 0.74.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Norihide YOKOI, Hidehiko MATSUO, Kazuyuki MORIYA, Yoshiyuki SASAKI1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1057-1063
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a preliminary study for estimating variances and covariances for direct and maternal effects from preweaning growth records by restricted maximum likelihood (REML), the effect of stages of the population, base generations and models on the estimates of variance and covariance were studied in Japanese Black Cattle. Records were obtained from the Tottori National Live-stock Breeding Station covering the period from 1960 to 1985. Traits analyzed were birth weight and DG from birth to 2-months old. Three stages of the population were considered. The first stage was from 1960 to 1967, the second stage (midterm) from 1968 to 1977 and the last stage from 1978 to 1985. The following three periods, from 1952 to 1959, 1960 to 1967 and 1968 to 1977, were assumed to be the base generations. Two different models were considered. Model 1 includes direct additive genetic effect and maternal additive genetic effect as random effects. While model 2 includes non-additive maternal effect as additional random effects. The computation was done using the Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood program (DFREML) written by MEYER. No consistent change of the estimates was observed with the stages. The estimates obtained assuming the different base generations seemed to be the same, and maternal heritability was increased under the model that did not account for the non additive maternal effect. It is concluded from these results that the generation assumed to be the base have little effect on the estimates and the model accounting for non-additive maternal effect is preferable in explaining preweaning growth in Japanese Black Cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
Kensuke KAGIYAMA, Masayuki FUNABA, Tsunenori IRIKI, Matanobu ABE1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1064-1068
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to examine the changes in urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in calves just after abrupt weaning. Four calves were weaned at 9 wk of age without giving any solid feeds during the suckling period of milk replacer for 8 wk, and fed commercial concentrate and rice straw after weaning. Daily urinary PD and feed intake were daily measured from 4 d before weaning to 14 d after weaning, and N-balance was determined before weaning (Wk 0) and during the first 2 wk (wk 1 and 2) after weaning. Weaning caused a marked decrease in digestible organic matter (DOM) intake on wk 1, although both DOM and OM intakes increased with days after weaning. Also, slightly negative N-balance was observed on wk 1. Urinary PD was almost constant during the first 7 days after weaning, and increased after d 8 and maintained a stable level. The ratio of urinary PD to DOM intake was remarkably higher on wk 1 than on wk 2, which might result from the relative higher endogenous PD in calves just after weaning than that in mature ruminants, but not the increase in microbial protein production. In conclusion, urinary PD might not be applicable as an index of microbial protein production in calves of the underdeveloped rumen.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
Mdsaaki SUNAHARA, Daiki HOZAN, Hiroshi OKAMURA1994 Volume 65 Issue 11 Pages 1069-1075
Published: November 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA hair-saving unhairing method with the recycling of unhairing liquors was investigated for the pigskin manufacturing process in order to reduce the pollution load in waste liquors and the quantity of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide. Unhairing liquors were recovered in 3 steps and recycled 9 times. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Hair was recovered in a fibrous shape and no hair remained on the skins. The amount of recovered hair was about 6% of the weight of the raw skins. 2) The quantities of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide were reduced to about 50%. 3) After recycling unhairing liquors 9 times and draining them, the values for BOD, COD, SS, oil and total solids were reduced to about 35%, 59%, 40%, 28% and 19%, respectively, from soaking to washing before deliming, when compared to the conventional unhairing method. 4) Wetblue and leathers produced by this unhairing method had as good a quality as those produced by the conventional method. And recycling the unhairing liquors did not have any effect on leather quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K)
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