Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 68, Issue 12
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Sao MUNECHIKA, Shigeharu WAKANA, Hitoshi SUZUKI
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1103-1110
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the genetic relationships of four species of jungle fowl and the domestic fowl by the differentiation of the restriction sites in ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Almost no polymorphisms were observed, however, there were polymorphisms seen in Sac I and Pst I sites after hybridization with the 18S probe. Although a 2.7kb Sac I site was missing in the red jungle fowl and in most domestic fowl, it existed in the other three species of jungle fowl and in one line of domestic fowl. In addition, a Pst I site in the vicinity of 2.3kb was not observed in any of the jungle fowl species other than the Ceylon jungle fowl. Another Pst I site in the vicinity of 1.8kb, hybridized with the INT probe in the green jungle fowl was observed, these two bands seem to be unique to each of these species. Since most of the domestic fowl lacked the Sac I site, it is thought that the red jungle fowl, which likewise lacks the site, played a major role in the formation of the domestic fowl. However, there was one strain of domestic fowl that shared this Sac I site with the gray jungle fowl, the Ceylon jungle fowl and the green jungle fowl except the red jungle fowl, suggesting the possible involvement of jungle fowl species in the formation of the domestic fowl.
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  • Tsunenori IRIKI, Masayuki FUNABA, Matanobu ABE
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1111-1117
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A nitrogen (N) balance trial was conducted for 2wk using 12 Holstein bull calves from 12wk of age (103kg initially) to verify adverse effects of excess methionine. The calves were trained to maintain reflex closure of the esophageal groove after weaning at 5wk of age, and received a diet based on corn and soybean meal throughout the trial at a level of 20g/kg of initial body weight. They were divided into three groups of 4 calves each, and assigned to three N supplements:(A) the mixture of 34.2g/d DL-methionine and 11.4g/d L-lysine monohydrochloride, (B) 35.2g/d casein, and (C) 39.3g/d diammonium citrate. All N supplements were iso-nitrogenous, and were administered through the esophageal groove. Administration of (A) resulted in reduced feed intake, body weight loss, and depressed N retention compared to the other N supplements, although N balance did not differ between (B) and (C). Extremely high plasma methionine concentration with the supplement (A) suggested adverse effects originating from excess methionine. Administration of (A) increased plasma concentrations of threonine, serine, cysteine, ornithine, proline and alanine, but decreased valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine and phenylalanine in the plasma.
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  • Makoto ITCH, Keizou ARIHARA, Yo KONDO
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1118-1126
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The compositions of fatty acid and molecular species of triacylglycerol of subcuta-neous fat of fattened Japanese Black, Japanese Shorthorn and Holstein steers were determined by gas chromatography. There were significant differences in heptadecanoic acid concentration among three breeds, and in six acid (myristic, myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, anteiso-hepta-decanoic and stearic acids) concentrations between two breeds of three breeds. The relationship between palmitic and oleic acid concentrations was negative. The major molecular species of subcutaneous triacylglycerol were myristoyl (M)-palmitoyl (P)-oleoyl (O)-glycerol (MPO), PPO, P-Palmitoleoyl (Po)-O-glycerol ([PPoO]), P-stearoyl (S)-O-glycerol (PSO) and POO. POO had the highest concentration in these molecular species of three breeds. Japanese Black had higher concentrations of PSO and SOL than those of Holstein. Relationships between POL and POO, and PPO and POO were positive and negative, respectively. In order to analyze the association of total lipid content of M longissimus thoracis and molecular species composition of tri-acylglycerol, multiple regression analysis was carried out. In the linear multiple regression analysis, the regression equation of Japanese Black had a good multiple correlation coefficient (0.8110). In discriminant analysis of samples separated according to meat quality score of carcass, the percentage of discrimination were 100% for each group of Japanese Black and Japanese Shorthorn.
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  • Wen Chang ZHANG, Toshihiko NAKAO, Masaharu MORIYOSHI, Ken NAKADA, Tada ...
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1127-1132
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Thirteen Holstein-Friesian cows were used to investigate relationship among concentrations of estrone sulfate (E1S) in maternal circulation during pregnancy and weight of calf and placenta at birth. Plasma samples were obtained from the tail vein of cows once every month from days 90 to 180 of gestation, every 2 weeks from days 181 to 270 of gestation, and every day from days 270 of gestation to parturition. Maternal plasma E1S concentrations were measured by a radioimmunoassay, and newborns and placentas were weighed at birth. E1S concentrations from days 225 of gestation to one day before parturition were correlated positively with weight of calf, cotyledons, intercotyledonary membranes and total placenta at birth (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, calf birth weight was correlated positively (P<0.01) with the weight of the cotyledons (r=0.81), intercotyledonary membranes (r=0.93) and total placenta (r=0.93). These results suggest a close relationship among the fetal placental function, weight of calf and placenta at birth and concentrations of E1S in maternal circulation during late gestation, which provides useful and practical information for the development and function of fetoplacental unit.
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  • Tatsuo MURAMATSU, Hiroshi OCHIAI, Hyi-Man PARK, Akihiro NAKAMURA, Ryuz ...
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1133-1136
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was conducted to investigate whether or not the human erythropoietin gene is expressed in primary cultured oviduct cells from estrogen-stimulated chicks. The erythropoietin gene was transfected by calcium phosphate precipitation, and erythropoietin mRNA level was determined by RNA:RNA solution hybridization during the culture periods for up to 72hrs. The results indicated that the human erythropoietin gene was actually transcribed in the chicken oviduct cells, and erythropoietin mRNA concentration in-creased on the basis of both per cells and per total nucleic acids as the culture period went by, reaching maximal values at 72hrs.
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  • Shiro KUSHIBIKI, Hiroyuki SHINGU, Akira WATANABE, Koichi HODATE
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1137-1140
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Four Holstein male calves were used to study the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on postprandial changes in plasma retinol and triglyceride concentrations. Suckling tests were conducted on the calves using Holstein cow whole milk mixed with Vitamin A acetate, with or without WPC, at weekly intervals from immediately after birth to 6 weeks of age. A catheter was inserted into a jugular vein and blood samples were taken from just until 8h after the feeding of the whole milk at 0800h. Plasma retinol and triglyceride concentrations were determined by HPLC and enzymatic methods, respectively. The concentrations of plasma retinol increased gradually following the feeding of both milk. However, no significant effect of WPC on plasma retinol was found. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of triglyceride in the calves fed the milk with WPC were significantly higher than that of the calves fed the milk without WPC 8h after the feeding. This suggests that WPC participates in milk fatty acid metabolism and not in retinol transport in preruminant calves.
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  • Shaohui ZHANG, Kimiko TANABE, Tomio OHASHI
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1141-1145
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lactose hydrolyzed whey syrup was prepared by treating whey with a commercial immobilized β-galactosidase, Saccharide constituents and contents in the whey syrup were investigated. The saccharide constituents and contents were similarly different because of oligosaccharides production and hydrolysis during the reaction. Twenty min before the reaction, six kinds of saccharides were detected; from 20 to 60 min of the reaction, seven kinds of saccharides were detected; 90min after the reaction, five kinds of saccharides were detected by HPLC in the whey syrup. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed saccharides as lactose, glucose, galactose, and di-, tri-, tetra-, pentasaccharide. Because galactose content was always lower than that of glucose, oligosaccharides were assumed to be mainly formed from galactose. The maximum amount of the oligosaccharide production was obtained at 40 min of the reaction, by which time about 15.04% of total saccharides had been converted to various oligosaccharides. However, the produced oligosaccharides in the whey syrup were hydrolyzed as the reaction time was continually extended. Therefore, in order to produce a whey syrup with high content for oligosaccharide, the reaction should be stopped at an opportune period when the whey syrup is prepared by immobilized β-galactosidase.
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  • Tohru USHIGAKI, Kazuyuki MORIYA, Yoshiyuki SASAKI
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1146-1153
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Evaluation of beef marbling has been based on the Beef Marbling Standard (BMS) developed by the National Institute of Animal Industry, since 1988 in Japan. BMS number and marbling score were examined to determine which of them was more suitable scale for evaluation of beef marbling, considering the relationship between the scales and intramuscular fat area of the BMS measured by computer image analysis; and actual estimates for genetic and environmental variances, and heritability obtained using the two scales. Linear relationship was found between BMS number and ratio of intramuscular fat area to total rib-eye measured for the BMS, but not between marbling score and the ratio. The latter was rather positively quadratic. Further, when a larger number of the animals evaluated have over 10 on BMS number, the environmental variances for marbling score increased more than the genetic variances. The heritability for marbling score then became significantly lower compared to that for BMS number. As a conclusion, it is suggested that BMS number be a more suitable scale for evaluation of beef marbling than marbling score.
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  • Zhengwei FU, Yasushi KONDO, Nobuyuki IWASAKI, Hisanori KATO, Kunio SUG ...
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1154-1160
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the extraction of melatonin from chick pineals, the preservation of their extracts and the determination of their relatonin by high-perfermance liquid chromatography. A method was established to determine the pineal melatonin content. A stock solution is prepared at a level of 1.00mg/ml using ethanol-acetate buffer (40mM acetic acid and 154mM sodium acetate, pH4.0, containing 0.033% cysteine and 0.029% disodium EDTA (1:9, v/v)). The working standard is prepared to contain 100ng/ml in 50mM perchloric acid containing 0.013% cysteine and 0.012% EDTA. Chicks were killed by decapitation, and their pineals were rapidly removed, homogenized by hand in a 1-ml glass homogenizer chilled in ice and then homogenized after adding each of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.2ml of 0.05M perchloric acid containing 0.013% cysteine and 0.012% disodium EDTA. These procedures in the dark period were performed under dim red light. The supernatant was separated by centrifugation at 3, 000 rpm for 5min at 4°C, and filtered through a 0.02μm-filter. One hundred μl aliquots of the filtrates were applled to a reverse-phase column and eluted with eluents at a flow rate of 1ml/min. The eluates were monitored with a fluorescence spectromonitor at 285nm for excitation and 345nm for emission or with a electrochemical detector at a cell potential of +0.90V versus a saturated silver-silver chloride electrode. The eluents were the mixtures of 0.05M acetate buffer solution (pH4.7) and methanol (65:35 and 75: 25, v/v). The column was used at 35°C. The retention times for melatonin with the eluents containing 25 and 35% methanol were 21.8 and 9.2min, respectively. The pineal extract was stable at 4°C for at least one month.
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  • Kumiko TAKEDA, Akira ONISHI, Seiya TAKAHASHI, Toshiyuki KOJIMA, Hirofu ...
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1161-1165
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Polymorphic regions of mitochondrial (mt) DNA displacement loop (D-loop) region from Japanese Black, Japanese Brown and Holstein breeds were analyzed by PCR mediated single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method and PCR direct-sequencing to distinguish these breeds. The sample population comprised 25 Japanese Black cows, 16 Japanese Brown cows, 6 Holstein cows, which were showed 5, 4 and 3 types, respectively, by PCR-SSCP of polymorphic region (308 bp) in D-loop. It was difficult to distinguish among these breeds by this method, however, sequence differences could be detected briefly. We sequenced a portion of polymorphic region in D-loop (385 bp) of 4 Japanese Black cows, 2 Japanese Brown cows and 3 Holstein cows which were different SSCP types. The resulting sequences were compared to those in the literature for the European, African Zebu and Asian Zebu lineage. Each DNA sequences showed from 1 to 4 substitutions, respectively. However, the results showed no specific breed changes. A comparison of these results to those in the literature showed that the three breeds were same lineage as European and African breeds, but not to be of the same lineage with Asian Zebu. The polymorphic region in mtDNA D-loop was too variable in a breed to allow distinguishing among Japanese Black, Japanese Brown and Holstein.
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  • Shigeto YAZAWA, Yoshito AOYAGI, Kazunori MIZOSHITA, Satoru INOHAE, Yos ...
    1997 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1166-1169
    Published: December 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Genetic identity among the cattle produced by nuclear transfer was investigated by the genotyping system with 23 microsatellite markers, which is able to distinguish 31 trillion individuals and discriminate 37 million sires. Two groups (clone sets) of cattle, each consisting of 5 individuals cloned from one embryo, were analyzed with leukocyte DNA collected at the age of 10 (male; No. 45-49) and 15 months (female; No. 186-190), respectively. The genotypes judged by the 23 microsatellite markers were identical in each clone set. Thus, it is suggested that the genomic DNA of the cattle cloned from the same embryo are genetically identical.
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