All issues
Volume 69, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Sudirman BACO, Hiroshi HARADA, Riichi FUKUHARA1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 231-238
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was made to investigate the genetic trends of body measurements at registration and reproductive traits in a cow population of the Japanese Black. The data were collected from 14, 881 Japanese Black cows which were registered in 1991 and 1992. The body measurements analyzed were withers height, chest girth, chest depth, rump length, thurl width and body weight, while the reproductive traits were age at first calving, calving interval and gestation length. Breeding values of the cows and their dams were predicted by using an animal model with multiple-trait REML procedure. Average predicted breeding value (PBV) was calculated by year of birth of predicted animals in order to obtain the genetic trends for each trait. The results of regression analysis showed that the PBV of the cows born from 1975 to 1989 increased high significantly for withers height, chest girth, rump length and body weight, respectively, while the PBV of cows for chest depth tended to increase slightly. On the other hand, no change was found in the PBV of cows for thurl width. The PBV of the sires born from 1975 to 1987 for all body measurements had a tendency to fluctuate slightly. The PBV of cows for age at first calving and gestation length tended to increase slightly and significantly during the period of 1975 to 1989. There was no change in the PBV of the cows born from 1975 to 1989 for first calving interval. It may be concluded that the improvement strategy of placing an emphasis on carcass quality appears to have not given up to date any special bad effect on the genetic trends of body size and reproductivity in Japanese Black cows population.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
Kazuki NAKASHIMA, Sachi NAKAMURA, Akira OHTSUKA, Kunioki HAYASHI1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 239-246
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of corticosterone (CTC) on growth and proteolysis in primary cultured chick muscle cells was studied. The muscle cells were incubated with physiological level of CTC (0.3μg/100ml) for 6 days. The media were replaced every two days. Protein and DNA contents were measured as indices of cell growth and cell proliferation, respectively, after the cells were harvested on the final day of the incubation. Creatine kinase (CK) activity, myosin content and actin content were also measured as indices of myotube formation. The medium was collected to measure Nτ-Methylhistidine concentration as an index of myofibrillar proteolysis. Protein content and DNA content increased during incubation, while CK activity and myosin and actin contents decreased. Nτ-Methylhistidine release was not affected by CTC treatment. These results indicate that cell proliferation but not myotube formation and proteolysis are stimulated by CTC in primary chick muscle cell culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (544K) -
Yukihiro MOTOZONO, Kazuhiro HATANO, Norio SUGAWARA, Teru ISHIBASHI1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 247-252
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of two organic chromium (Cr), Cr picolinate and yeast Cr, on the growth and carcass quality of broilers were studied. One-week-old female Arbor Acres broiler chicks were group-fed a commercial diet for 7 days. After then, they were divided into five dietary groups of 20 chicks each, and supplied the experimental diets containing 21.5% crude protein (CP) and 3.10 kcal ME/g for 14 days, and then 18.3% CP and 3.20 kcal ME/g for 21 days. To above two basal diets 0, 200 or 400ppb of Cr derived from Cr picolinate and yeast Cr were added. Body weight gain and feed intake were recorded weekly. At the end of the trial, chicks were sacrificed to determine abdominal fat and contents of crude fat, CP and moisture in the skin-off breast meat and skin-on drumsticks meat. Feed intake and body weight gain tended to decrease in the all of Cr supplemented diet groups, and yeast Cr (400ppb) significantly suppressed weight gain (P⟨0.05). Yeast Cr tended to have a greater negative effect on the body weight gain and feed intake than Cr picolinate. The abdominal fat, CP and moisture in the skin-on drumsticks meat and skin-off breast meat were not influenced by the dietary Cr levels. The crude fat in the skin-on drumsticks meat was not affected by dietary Cr levels, but that in the skin-off breast meat decreased proportionally with increasing Cr levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Agung PURNOMOADI, Mitsunori KURIHARA, Takehiro NISHIDA, Fuminori TERAD ...1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 253-259
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of seventy-two pairs of feed and fecal samples collected from the digestion trials of dairy cattle were used in the study to predict dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Calibration and prediction were made from the difference of second derivative spectra between feeds and feces. From these spectra, 31, 28 and 13 samples were separated for calibration, prediction and test, respectively. Wavelengths of 1878, 2172, 2278 and 2362nm were selected from determined region at 1900-, 2200-, 2300- and 2400-nm for developing the calibration equations for DMD, OMD and TDN. Correlation coefficient for DMD, OMD and TDN of the calibration were 0.95, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, while the standard error were 2.9 for the first two nutrients and 2.8 for TDN. Whereas, r values (and standard error) for the prediction equations were 0.89 (3.5), 0.92 (3.32), and 0.91 (3.16), while for the test samples, were 0.97 (1.96), 0.97 (1.88) and 0.96 (1.94), respectively. This study showed the possibility and applicability of predicting digestibility and TDN using the spectra difference of feeds and feces through the wavelengths from four determined regions above 1900-nm.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Toshio TANAKA, Yumi MURAYAMA, Yusuke EGUCHI, Tadashi YOSHIMOTO1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 260-266
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to determine the visual acuity of pigs. Six pigs were trained to discriminate between a Landolt ring and an ordinary ring of equal size associated with feed. The left and right positions of the 2 targets were shifted according to the Gellermann series. After the pigs were fully trained, their visual acuity was determined by changing the size of the rings or the distance from the target. The pigs were subjected daily to 1 or 2 sessions which consisted of 30 trials each. The criterion of successful discrimination was 3 consecutive sessions with more than 21 correct choices (P⟨0.05, Chi-square test). Two castrated pigs were not able to learn the experimental procedure. The best scores of visual acuity in the 4 female pigs were 0.017, 0.034, 0.035 and 0.07.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
Keiichi SUZUKI, Chun CHENG Xu, Hiroshi KANO, Toshiro SHIMIZU, Yuuichi ...1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 267-270
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was conducted to elucidate the influence of low protein diets on water intake and urine and nitrogen excretion in growing pigs. The experiment was carried out based on a 3×3 Latin square design where three Duroc barrows weighing initially 45 kg were allocated to one of three diets protein concentrations of which were 12, 10 and 16%. Thus, there were three groups; treatment 1 (12%), treatment 2 (10%) and control (16%). Water intake was significantly reduced to 73 and 83% for treatment 1 and treatment 2, respectively, compared with that of the control group. Similarly, urine excretion was reduced to 43 and 46% of the control level. Urinary nitrogen was also significantly reduced to 46 and 41% of the control level, and total nitrogen excretion was decreased to approximately 60%. These results suggested that low protein diet reduces water intake, urine and nitrogen excretion.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
Chikara KOHDA, Tasuke ANDO, Tamio INAMOTO, Shinichi NAKAMURA, Yutaka N ...1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 271-275
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForty-three strains of Clostridium spp. were isolated from the rumen of Malaysian water buffalo fed on a diet containing palm kernel cake, and identified by morphological, biochemical, physiological tests and DNA-DNA hybridization method. Six species of Clostridium were identified, and the predominant strains were C. butyricum. In DNA-DNA similarity test, thirty-five of 43 strains showed more than 70% and eight strains showed less than 70% DNADNA similarity against respective reference strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Kanji MATSUI1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 276-280
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn ambulatory data-logger system for recording the number of steps every minute taken by grazing cattle was developed, the accuracy of the transducer investigated and a method for estimating distance walked from steps suggested. The data-logger (named pedo-recorder) consisted of a digital pedometer as a transducer and a data memory unit. The transducer was attached around the metacarpus of the right foreleg. It generated two electric signals each step, therefore the values corresponded to the actual steps of the right and left forelegs. In a case, during 5-hour grazing period the mean of total steps was 13.7% higher than that by visual observations. Adjustment by correction factor for each transducer-animal combination would improve accuracy. Distance walked might be estimated by calibrating distance walked per step. A combination of the pedo-recorder and other data-logger sets could provide a useful analysis of the relationships among grass characteristics, pasture size, grazing behavior and animal production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1503K) -
Seiji IEIRI, Tsutomu FURUKAWA, Hiroyuki HIROOKA1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 281-292
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven different selection indices for non-linear profit function were compared using stochastic simulation in closed breeding herds of swine. The indices compared were a linear index constant over generations, (2): a linear index adjusted stepwise, (3): an optimum linear index for maximization of profit in the next generation, (4): an optimum linear index for maximization of profit at the last generation, (5): an optimum linear index for maximization of accumulated profit over the planning generations, (6): a quadratic index and (7): a desired gain index. For all the indices, the simulated population consisted of 10 boars and 50 sows, each sow having 1 male and 2 female progeny as candidates of breeding animals to reproduce the next generation. Genetic and economic responses over multiple generations were simulated considering non-linear profit function with growth rate and back fat thickness combined. The alternative economic values for the linear and quadratic terms in the profit function were assumed and these changed to reflect 3 different situations; the function A based on practical situation, the function B with a one-tenth economic values for the linear and quadratic terms of back fat thickness and the function C with ten hold economic values for them. When the degree of non -linearity of profit function was high, the linear index constant over generation ((1)) and the quadratic index ((6)) yielded considerably lower economic response. Relative efficiencies of the linear index adjusted stepwise ((2)) and the optimum linear index for maximization of profit in the next generation ((3)) depended on the degree of non-linearity of the profit function and choice of generation number. The desired gain index ((7)) allowed stabilization of back fat thickness at optimum level, but led to a large economic loss in the practical function A, and it led to a larger economic loss in the function B whose degree of non-linearity of profit function was lower than that of the practical function A. The optimum index for maximization of accumulated profit over an assigned generation number of selection ((6)) provides favorable results for all the situations. However, the expected genetic responses were not always realized for the optimum indices((3), (4) and (5)), indicating that stochastic simulation implicitly caused the reduction of additive genetic (co) variance through selection processes. These results indicate the importance of breeding programmes from the economic point of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (911K) -
HAI JIN, Katsumi HAMANA, Mitsugu HISHINUMA, Ryozo OURA, Junjiro SEKINE1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 293-298
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in chemical composition of steam-exploded wheat straw and its ruminal degradation characteristics were determined by in situ incubation to clarify the mechanism of effect of steam-explosion on wheat straw. The steam-explosion has been done under two different conditions such as, 1) steamed for 10min under the pressure of 10kg/cm2 and exploded at the pressure of 12kg/cm2 (treatment 1), and 2) steamed for 10min under the pressure of 8kg/cm2 and exploded at 13kg/cm2 (treatment 2). Wheat straw cut to 4cm was used as a control. Samples of wheat straw with and without treatment were incubated in the rumen of sheep given oats hay as a sole diet. Steam-explosion treatment reduced concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose (HC), but increased that of cellular contents. Fast degradable fraction of dry matter was significantly increased, but indigestible fraction decreased in both treatments (P⟨ 0.05). Discrete lag time of NDF and HC was significantly shortened in samples of treatments 1 and 2. The degradation rate of HC was significantly increased in samples of treatment 1 (P⟨0.05). The digestible fraction of cellulose was significantly increased in samples of treatment 1 (P⟨0.05). Discrete lag time of acid detergent lignin (ADL) was significantly shortened in both treatments (P⟨0.05). The degradable fraction of ADL was significantly increased in samples of treatment 1 (P⟨0.05). From these results, it is concluded that effect of steam-explosion is to loosen or to promote decomposition of lignin covering or bounding chemically with cellulose and hemicellulose in fibrous fraction and to expose them to the attack of ruminal microorganisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
Takashi HAYASHI, Dai HANAJIMA1998 Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages 299-305
Published: March 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocio-spatial behavior of lactating cows herd was analyzed. The locations in a paddock, moving distances and inter-pair distances of fourteen cows were measured by oblique aerophotography method. Bird viewing photographs of the cows and the fences as calibrator were taken every five minutes from the top of water supply tower standing by the paddock (33.5m× 48m). The coordinates of the cows and the fences on photography were measured by digitizer system. The data of cows on photographs were converted to the coordinates on the paddock by oblique aero-photography convert program developed by the authors. The locations, moving distances and inter-pair distances of cows were analyzed by SAS GLM procedure. The three factors of the model were the day of experiment, observation time and days after parturition. The standard errors of coordinates of known fences estimated by oblique aero-photography method were less than 1.0m. The data of individual coordinates in the paddock had enough precision to examine socio-spatial behavior. On the positions of individuals, cows were located far from the gate of paddock at the start of observation term and gathered near the gate at the final term of every experiment day. Average and SD of moving distance for five minuets were 9.8 ±9.5(m). Inter pair distances were greater at the start of observation period and less at the final of the period. Less inter pair distance could be caused by gathering behavior of cows before the end of observation period. Cows within two months after parturition had greater inter pair distance than the other group. The inter pair distances lowered gradually through the month.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|