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Volume 69, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Masayuki SHOJO, Hiroaki IWAISAKI1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 417-423
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf ratio traits, there exists a trait whose numerator is also contained in the denominator as its one component. This type of trait may be called a proportion-defined trait or simply a proportion trait. In this paper, the truncation point for a proportion-defined trait is investigated, assuming that its component traits follow normality and have positive values and supposing a proportion of population selected truncatedly. A formula for the point is expressed in terms of phenotypic parameters such as coefficients of variation and correlation for component traits and the truncation value corresponding to a given proportion of population selected of the standard normal distribution. It is considered that the validity of the formula requires the fulfilled assumption of small coefficients of variation or curtailed normality for component traits. Using the formula and its approximation based on the assumption of normality, the discrepancy between the truncation value and the approximate value is evaluated deterministically. The degree of the discrepancy is shown to be affected by the values of phenotypic parameters, especially by the relative magnitude of coefficients of variation, for component traits. It is suggested that the geometric shape of the intrinsic distribution of the proportion trait is changeable: that is, symmetric, skewed to the right, or to the left.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Mao Long HE, Sang-Gun ROH, Etsuo SHIBASAKI, Satoshi HIDAKA, Nobuyoshi ...1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 424-432
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolated adipocytes were used to evaluate the lipogenic activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Holstein steers during various fattening periods. During the fattening period, both the mean diameter of adipocytes and the lipogenesis increased continually. There was a positive correlation between the mean diameter of adipocytes and the lipogenesis from glucose (r =0.74, P<0.05) or from acetate (r=0.81, P<0.05). Further, the relationship between the size of adipocyte and the lipogenic activity was investigated. It can be done through measuring the incorporation rate of substrates into lipids in each fraction of adipocytes which were separated by meshes. It was shown that both the incorporation rate of glucose or acetate into lipids and the relative contribution ratio of incorporation rate of acetate to glucose in the adipocytes taken from finishing steers, were significantly larger (P<0.05) than those from the early fattening steers. In the adipocytes which were taken from early fattening steers, the incorporation rate of glucose or acetate into lipids became larger with increment of the mean diameter from fraction 1 (33μm) to fraction 6 (139μm) (both: r=0.72, P<0.05). In the adipocytes which were taken from finishing fattening steers, the incorporation rate of glucose into lipids increased with the increment of the mean diameter from fraction 1 (36μm) to fraction 6 (164μm) (r=0.79, P<0.05), while the incorporation rate of acetate into lipids increased only with increment of the mean diameter from fraction 1 (36μm) to fraction 4 (116μm), then decreased with the increment of the mean diameter from fraction 4( 116μm) to those very large adipocytes in fraction 6 (164μm).View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
Ryozo TAKADA, Mamoru SAITOH1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 433-438
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have previously reported that dietary γ-linolenic acid-enriched oil (GLA oil) reduces body fat content and increases liver enzyme activities related to fatty acid β-oxidation in rats. In this experiment, the effects of dietary GLA oil on backfat thickness and liver fatty acid degrading enzyme activities in growing pigs were investigated. Thirteen castrated pigs (Landrace×Large White×Duroc) weighing about 69kg were used. Pigs were given 90g of GLA oil or soybean oil (control) daily and free access to the basal diet during the experimental period of 6 weeks. The backfat thickness was measured weekly with an ultrasonic instrument at the half site of body length. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency in the GLA oil group were similar with the control group. The gain of backfat thickness in both groups increased almost linearly as time passed. However, that in the GLA oil group was significantly lower than in the control group on the 6th week. The activity of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase in the GLA oil group, which is the rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, was higher than in the control group. Furthermore, liver peroxisomal β-oxidation activity in the GLA oil group was significantly higher than in the control group. These results suggested that dietary GLA oil reduces the gain of backfat thickness and increases the activities of liver fatty acid degrading enzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
Shin-ichiro TORII, Michiyo OHYAMA, Tohru MATSUI, Hideo YANO1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 439-444
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStromal vascular cells isolated from perirenal adipose tissue of adult beef cattle were cultured, and the actions of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (Asc-P) on the adipocyte differentiation of these cells were investigated. The addition of Asc-P into culture medium increased adipogenic marker enzyme (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) activity of the cells as well as the number of lipid-laden cells countable under microscopic observation, at concentrations of 50 and 500μM. Cytosolic protein content was unaffected by the Asc-P treatments. In conclusion, Asc -P enhances adipocyte differentiation of bovine preadipocytes in vitro. The results raise the possibility that adipose tissue growth in beef or dairy cattle could be manipulated by controlling blood levels of vitamin C.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Masanori MATSUNAGA, Masayuki FUNABA, Tsunenori IRIKI, Yasunori WADA, T ...1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 445-449
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen male Holstein calves were used to examine the effect of milk replacer and solid feed (concentrate and timothy hay) on plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and plasma osmolality in suckling calves. One group of 5 calves (500S) received 500g/d of milk replacer and was allowed free access to solid feed for 2wk from 1wk of age. Another group (200 N) was offered 200g/d of milk replacer without solid feed during this period. During wk 2 of the experiment, urine volume decreased but fecal water excretion and apparent water retention (difference between water intake and water excreted into urine and feces) increased in the Group 500S compared with the Group 200N. Plasma ADH concentrations and urine osmolality were higher in the Group 500S than in the Group 200N. Conversely, plasma osmolality did not differ between groups, suggesting an increase in extracellular fluid volume in the Group 500S.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K) -
Osamu SASAKI, Naoyuki YAMAMOTO, Kenji TOGASHI, Mitsuru MINEZAWA1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 450-459
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rate of improvement of milk production will be accelerated, if the characters related tc milk production or indicator trait can be measured in calves or young bulls. Many report: suggested the relationship between genetic ability for milk production and changes of blood metabolite concentrations in a response to fasting. In this study, we examined the relationships between breeding value for milk yield and the changes in metabolites concentration during 24 and 48 hours of fasting. Sixteen female Holstein calves at five months of age were fasted for 48 hours. Relationships between breeding value for milk yield and the changes in metabolites concentrations were analyzed by regression analysis using four types of covariates; first degree of one metabolite (equation 1), second degree of one metabolite (equation 2), first degree of two metabolites (equation 3) and second degree of two metabolites (equation 4). Measurements of the change in metabolite concentration obtained at 24 hours of fasting were more suitable than those at 48 hours of fasting as indicator traits for milk yield, because the values of R2 at 24 hours of fasting were larger than those at 48 hours of fasting in all equations. The regression equations by equation 1 at 24 hours of fasting were obtained by using urea nitrogen (BUN) (R2=0.14) and triglyceride (TG) (R2=0.23, P<0.1). The quadratic regression equations by equation 2 at 24 hours of fasting gives was obtained by using glucose (Glu) (R2=0.27). These results indicated Glu, BUN and TG at 24 hours of fasting are useful indicator traits to estimate the breeding value for milk yield. BUN and TG linearly and Glu quadratically related with breeding value for milk yield. The linear regression equation from BUN and TG at 24 hours of fasting by equation 3 was significant (R2=0.43, P<0.05). The quadratic regression equation from BUN and TG by equation 4 was also significant (R2=0.61, P<0.05). The R2 value from Glu and BUN by equation 4 was not significant but showed high multiple regression coefficient (R2=0.51, P<0.1). As the R2 obtained from the equation 3 and equation4 showed high values than those from the equation 1 and equation 2, the usefulness of metabolite enhanced by utilizing two metabolites together as the indicator for estimating breeding value for milk yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Masahiro SATOH, Tsutomu FURUKAWA1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 460-468
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of mating types of reference family, and number of marker alleles and the frequency were investigated using Monte Carlo computer simulation. The genetic linkage map was constructed using a reference population of intercross (F2) or backcross comprising of 24 full sib families and 192 progenies derived from a cross between 12 sires and 24 dams. F1 animals were produced by crossing three grandsires from a different breed with six grandams from another breed. Five types of reference populations were used to investigate the effect of mating types: F2, four types of backcross between F1 sires and purebred dams in male or female line, and between F1 dams and purebred sires in male or female line. Each dam produced eight progenies. A chromosomal map length of 1.2M (Morgans), different number of alleles and their frequencies were assumed. The considered average intervals between markers were 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20M with standard deviation of 0.0, 0.01, 0.02 or 0.03M, respectively. The distance between markers and lod scores were estimated using genotypic data from a reference population. F2 had a higher led score than backcross, hence F2 was preferred to backcross in the construction of linkage map. Efficiency of linkage analysis in the F2 increased consistently, but the rate declined steadily as the number of alleles increased. The efficiency of linkage analysis did not depend on marker spacing.View full abstractDownload PDF (552K) -
Akihisa SHINJO, Daisuke SUGA, Edy KURNIANTO, Ken NOZAWA, Masaharu MAND ...1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 469-474
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurements of 14 body parts, examinations of five morphological genetic traits and electrophores at the 33 loci coding enzymatic and non-enzymatic blood proteins of feral goats in the Madara Island, Saga Prefecture, Japan were studied. Means with the minimum and the maximum values in the parentheses of withers height and body weight were 59 (51-63) cm and 28 (21-36)kg for females, 63 (54-75)cm and 38 (20-50)kg for males, respectively. Polymorphisms in the coat color, presence or absence of wattles, beards and supernumerary teats were observed, and all the goats had horns. From the result of multi-locus electrophores, the proportion of polymorphic loci was calculated as 0.0606 and average heterozygosity per individual as 0.0163; the Nei's genetic distance between the Madara goats and Shiba goats of Japan was 0.0035. It is postulated that the Madara feral goats descended from a small number of goat individuals which immigrated from the north-east Asian continent and they hybridized with the Saanen and other dairy goat breeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Hidetoshi SATOH, Kazuyoshi CHIBA, Masanori TAKEDA, Akihiko HAGINO1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 475-482
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe compared the change in the concentration of hormones retracted to nutrient utilization and metabolism following intravenous glucose injection between Japanese Black beef heifers, Holstein heifers and dairy cows. Additionally, we examined how these responses changed in each breed as lactation progressed. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone were significantly affected by the glucose injection. However, there was no significant effect on concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The responses were similar to those observed in Japanese Black and Holstein heifers. The area under the curve (AUC) of insulin and glucagon were greater for the Japanese Black heifers, while the AUC of growth hormone (GH) and insulin was lower for the Holstein cows. The AUC of insulin and glucagon increased with lactation, while those of GH and IGF-I decreased. The result demonstrated that the utilization of glucose and the hormone responses to glucose injection were different between breeds and stage of lactation.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K) -
Hidetoshi SATOH, Kazuyoshi CHIBA, Masanori TAKEDA, Akihiko HAGINO1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 483-488
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlood samples were taken from Japanese black heifers, Holstein heifers, dry Holstein cows, Holstein cows in mid lactation and in late lactation (five animals in each group) to study the effect of breed and lactation on plasma metabolic hormone concentrations. Plasma insulin concentrations were lower in Holstein heifers than in Japanese black heifers, and were lowest in Holstein cows in mid lactation (P<0.05). The concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin- like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) were higher in Holstein heifers than in Japanese Black heifers (P<0.05). Plasma GH and glucagon concentrations were highest in mid lactation and gradually decreased as lactation progressed. Plasma IGF-I concentrations in the dry cows were higher than in the lactating cows (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that there are differences in plasma metabolic hormone concentrations between dairy breed and meat breed of cattle, as well as stage of lactation.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Akira WATANABE, Hiroshi SATO, Mitsuto MATSUMOTO, Koichi HODATE1998 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 489-492
Published: May 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of off-flavour and lipid oxidation in raw venison during storage was studied. M. Longissimus lumborum was excised from each carcass of four male Japanese Sika Deer (Cervusnippon centralis) one day after slaughter, and cut into 1-cm thick slices. These samples were aerobically or vacuum-packed (referred to as AP and VP, respectively), and stored at 2.5°C for 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. Beefs were also prepared as references. Off-flavor in AP venison was detected at 3 or 5 days storage, and the pronounced off-flavor was recognized after 7 days storage. Offflavour in VP venison or AP beef was very weak and it was negligible during storage. The numbers of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) extracted by 20% trichloroacetic acid solution increased from 0.13 to 0.76mg/kg in AP venison, but that of VP venison or AP beef was below 0.04mg/kg and it was stable throughout the storage period. Concerning the bacterial growth, marked increase was observed in AP beef only. From these results, the off-flavour in raw venison during storage would be due to lipid oxidation, not to bacterial spoilage.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K)
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