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70 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
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Ryoji ONODERA1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 153-169
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (4530K) -
Tomoki SOH, Osamu KOGA1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 170-173
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe sensitivity and the response time of the quail shell gland to prostaglandin were examined in regard to the secretion of pigment. Prostaglandin F2α (0.05 to 0.0063μg) and arachidonic acid (10 to 1.25μg) were injected intrauterinely 6h before the expected oviposition time. Both of them could induced pigment secretion 30min after their injection. The levels of pigment secretion decreased (P<0.05) as doses declined in both of prostaglandin F2α and arachidonic acid. The injection of the lowest dose of arachidonic acid showed higher level of pigment secretion 4h before the expected oviposition time than the earlier injections. The pigment secretion was clearly observed 7min after the intrauterine injection of prostaglandin F2α (0.05μg) 6h before the expected oviposition time. These results suggested that the shell gland had the high sensitivity to prostaglandin and the increasing ability of prostaglandin synthesis close to spontaneous pigmentation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (964K) -
Haruki NARUSE, Tohru MATSUI, Tsutomu FUJIHARA1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 174-180
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of dietary supplementation of treated (spray-dried) beef tallow (BT: 3% of concentrate during 350 days of latter part of fattening) on the lipid metabolism and carcass quality (marbling) during fattening was investigated using ten Japanese Black breed (WAGYU) steers. The feed intake (both concentrate and roughage) was slightly lower in the BT-supplemented group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The daily gain (DG) during the period tended to be higher in the BT-supplemented group than in the control, and the feed conversion ratio during the latter part of fattening was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the former than in the latter. Fattening performances, e. g., growth rate, dressed carcass weight and BMS No., and the grade of marbling in ribs (M. logissimus thoracic) were also similar in both groups. The concentration of triglyceride (TG) in blood plasma was not different between the two groups. The concentration of cholesterol in blood plasma was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the BT-supplemented group than in the control group, particularly in the latter part of fattening period. There were no clear differences between the BT-supplemented and the control groups in the chemical composition and fatty acid composition of meat. These findings suggest a possibility that the BT used in this study improves feed efficiency and fat nutrition in the beef cattle when supplemented at the later stage of fattening.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (622K) -
A Prediction of Daily Milk Yield and its Composition from the Morning or the Evening Milking RecordsTakashi HAYASHI, Mitsuo AIHARA1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 181-187
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーIn the present system of Dairy Herd Improvement Test in Japan, it is necessary to measure milk yield and to take samples both in the morning and in the evening of the day in the presence of a supervisor. In the alternate test method (AT or AM-PM method), daily milk yield and composition were estimated from either the morning or the evening milk. In this study, a multiple regression equation was fitted to estimate daily milk yield and its fat, protein and Solid-Not-Fat (SNF) concentration with three or more variables in the morning milking records. When the milk yield, protein or SNF of a day was made into an objective variable and three or more independent variables relevant to morning milk were included in the equations, 0.95+ coefficient of determination was obtained. Daily milk yield and its protein and SNF were estimated with sufficient accuracy from evening milk as well as morning milk. Validations of the regression equations were performed. The coefficient of determination of the predicted values for daily milk yield, its protein and SNF from the morning milk was 0.95 +. In the same way, 0.95 or more was the coefficient of determination of the predicted values of daily milk yield, protein, and SNF from the evening milk. The differences between the predicted values and the actual measurement values of daily milk yield from morning or evening milk were distributed within 2 (kg) range. The differences in protein and SNF were less than 0.1% in many cases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (542K) -
Yimin CAI, Sumio KUMAI, Janguo ZHANG, Yoshimi BENNO1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 188-194
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーFour selected strains, Lactobacillus casei FG 1, L. plantarum FG 10, Enterococcus faecalis EF 24 and E. faecium EF 62 associated forage crops were characterized, and their effects on silage fermentation was studied. Strains FG 1 and FG 10 were able to grow at lower pH value (3.5) and produce more lactic acid than strains EF 24 and EF 62. Strains FG 1, FG 10, EF 24 and EF 62 were added at a level of 1.0×105 cfu g-1 to alfalfa and Italian. ryegrass silage preparation, and their pH, changes in microbiological composition, organic acid composition, ammonia-nitrogen content and fermentation loss of silage were analyzed after incubation at 25°C for 30 days. During the fermentation process, lactic acid bacteria counts were high in all the additive-treated silages than in the control silages at an early stage of ensiling. Addition of L. casei or L. plantarum effectively inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria and clostridia more than addition of strains EF 24 or EF 62. The FG 1 and FG 10-treated in each of two silages were well preserved, which had significantly (P<0.05) lower pH values, contents of butyric acid, propionic acid and ammonia-nitrogen, gas-production and dry matter loss, and significantly higher (P<0.05) content of lactic acid than the respective control silage. However, the EF 24 and EF 62-inoculated silages gave similar levels of these components to the control in two kinds of silage. The results confirmed that L. plantarum and L. casei were more effective in producing lactic acid and in improving fermentation quality in the silage environment than E. faecalis and E. faecium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (580K) -
Nene TANIGUCHI, Akira OHTSUKA, Kunioki HAYASHI1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 195-200
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe present experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary corticosterone (CTC) and vitamin E on growth and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Chicks (Cobb strain) were divided into 3 (vitamin E)×2 (CTC) blocks. Vitamin E was mixed with basal diet at levels of 0 (EO), 500 (E500) and 5, 000 (E5000) mg DL α-tocopheryl acetate/kg. CTC was mixed with basal or vitamin E diets at a level of 20mg/kg. The body weight gain was significantly lower when the birds were treated with CTC. However, high dose vitamin E (5, 000mg/kg) reduced the CTC effect. Thus, the feed conversion ratio was higher in the CTC group and lower when vitamin E was given. CTC increased abdominal fat content and decreased adrenal glands weight, and vitamin E tended to reduce these effects. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver was elevated by CTC, and it was significantly reduced by high dose vitamin E. The plasma cholesterol concentration was increased by CTC, and vitamin E reduced the effect. The plasma CTC concentration tended to be increased by CTC and this was further unexpectedly increased by vitamin E. In conclusion, the results indicate that CTC induces oxidative stress, hypercholesterolemia and growth inhibition, and these effects of CTC are minimized by vitamin E.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (534K) -
Apichai MEKBUNGWAN, Winai YOTHINSIRIKUL, Narin THONGWITTAYA, Koh-en YA ...1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 201-206
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate the effects of dietary pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) seed meal (PM) on growth performance in early life stage of pigs and whether the raw PM could be used as a plant protein resource, 32 piglets were randomly allotted into 0, 10, 20 and 30% dietary PM groups of 8 pigs (2 pigs per pen×4 replicates) at 15kg. All pigs were given ad libitum access to water and feed until they attained to the final 30kg body weight. Then, the composition of basal diet was changed from piglet diet to growing pig (30-60kg) diet. In both experimental feeding periods, feed intake, body weight gain, feeding period (day) until respective final body weights and feed conversion ratio were measured. Up to 20% PM group in growing pigs, there was no definite difference in the feed intake between each group, but the body weight gain tended to insignificantly decrease with the increasing dietary PM level, resulting in the insignificant increase of the feeding period and feed conversion ratio. However, all parameters significantly changed (P<0.05) at 30% PM level in growing pigs except in the feed conversion ratio which showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between 10 and 30% PM levels.
This suggests that as a plant protein source the PM could be incorporated beyond the 30% level for piglet diet (53.4% substitution rate of PM for soybean meal) and up to the 20% level for growing pig diet (76% substitution rate of PM for soybean meal) and that the effective utilization of PM enables to reduce the feed cost in pig production.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (433K) -
Tsuyoshi ENDO, Masuo NAKANO1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 207-218
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of a probiotic comprised of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Saccharomyces and Candida species on productivity, meat components, lipid metabolism, caecal flora and metabolites, and the raising environment of broilers were studied. The probiotic increased productivity in males. Lipid in meats increased, while water in thigh meat decreased in male broilers administered the probiotic. The probiotic decreased water and increased lipid content in the liver (P<0.05). In the probiotic group, the cholesterol concentration of thigh meat and liver decreased (P<0.05). The linolenic acid and the unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio in pectoral meat was increased (P<0.05) by administration of the probiotic. A similar effect was also noticed in thigh meat. The probiotic decreased the number of Enterobacteriaceae, i. e., E. coli and Salmonella in caeca. The probiotic decreased the pH value of caecal contents and ammonia (P<0.05), and increased the acetic acid concentration (P<0.05). Ammonia, and sulfate compounds in the raising space decreased in the probiotic group. The number of Enterobacteriaceae in the drift on the raising environment was decreased by administration of the probiotic, and those of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus increased. These results suggested that the probiotic improved intestinalflora and the raising environment and, as a result, reduced the stress and enhanced the productivity and meat quality of broilers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (922K) -
Tetsuya TOYOKAWA, Makoto HATTORI, Koji TAKAHASHI1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 219-226
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーPepsin solubilized collagen-carboxymethyl dextran (PSC-CMD) conjugate was prepared to improve the function of collagen by using cyanogen bromide. The conjugation between PSC and CMD was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, isoelcctric focusing and size-exclusion chromatography. The molar ratio of the conjugate was PSC:CMD=1:2.3. The isoelectric point was shifted from 9.0 to 5.5 by conjugation. Denaturation temperature of the conjugate molecule was 42.2°C, which is 1.9°C higher than that of PSC. The PSC-CMD conjugate maintained self-assembling ability but showed a very slow aggregation as compared with that of PSC. Reconstructed matrix of the conjugate had lower denaturation temperature and random molecular rearrangement structure as compared with PSC matrix. The platelet aggregation inducing ability, analyzed by spectroscopy disappeared.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1518K) -
Keiji YOSHIMURA, Yasumasa CHONAN, Kunio SHIRAI1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 227-234
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーAiming at optimizing the preparation of pepsin-solubilized collagen and investigating its properties, comparison between shark and pig skin collagens (SC and PC) was done. SC is not only more soluble in acetic acid but also more susceptible to pepsin-attack compared with PC. Solubilization of SC attained almost 100% at 20°C, while PC dissolved about 50%. SC has a small amount of collagen-associated peptides, which appeared transiently released from SC with pepsin at 20°C and disappeared ultimately. They are consisted of non-collagen and collagen origins. For preparation of pepsin-solubilized SC (PSSC), it is desirable to conduct the pepsin treatment at 20°C for more than 48 hours. Pepsin-solubilized PC (PSPC) mainly consisted of α chain, while PSSC mainly consisted of β chain. Elastic modulus G' and viscous modulus G" of collagen solution decreased suddenly with concomitant rapid increase in tan δ at a defined temperature, reflecting the typical denaturation process of collagen. G" of PSSC and PSPC was smaller than that of acid soluble collagen (ASC), and tan δ of PSSC and PSPC was also higher than that of ASC. It is suggested that the decrease of intermolecular interaction by removing telopeptide with pepsin. It is considered that the present dynamic viscoelasticity study could distinguish the difference between PSSC and PSPC, and hence provides an effective means of evaluating collagen materials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1942K) -
Tadashi TAMURA, Takehiko KATAYAMA, Kiyonori HAGA1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 235-239
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe emission of malodorous compounds and greenhouse gases during the pile-type composting of cattle manure was determined. About 326kg mixture of raw manure-sawdust was piled in a box-type composting apparatus and composted without forced-aeration for 55 days, during which the pile was turned three times. Exhaust air from the apparatus was analyzed for malodorous compounds and greenhouse gases. Among the malodorous compounds, ammonia, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide were detected in the exhaust air. The significant emission of these three malodorous compounds were observed at the start and every turnings, and the emissions were rapidly reduced within several days. On the other hand, short emission of methane and nitrous oxide as greenhouse gases were observed at the start and every turnings, and moreover, characteristic gradual emissions were observed after 5 to 10 days from the start and the 1st turning. Thus emission pattern was quite different between malodorous compounds and greenhouse gases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (347K) -
Xiang-Jun SHEN, Masaoki TSUDZUKI, Takao NAKAMURA1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 240-242
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーIn accordance with the chicken and quail mitochondrial DNA sequences, three pairs of primers encompassing light and heavy strand (L14832, L15269, L15500, H15924, H15497, and H16207) with high specificity were designed, synthesized, and used for amplification and sequencing of cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. The PCR products were sequenced by the direct-sequencing method. The Chinese painted quail cytochrome b gene consisted of 1, 143bp nucleotides (base composition: 327 A; 399 C; 281 T and 136 G), encoded for a 380 amino acid sequence, and showed 89.0%, 86.4%, and 86.2%, homology with nucleotide sequences of Japanese quail, silky fowl, and White Leghorn chicken, respectively. The homology of the amino acid sequence of the cytochrome b gene of Chinese painted quail showed 98.2%, 95.3%, and 95.3% with those of Japanese quail, silky fowl, and White Leghorn chicken, respectively. The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (Accession No. AF109217).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (250K) -
Yuji GOTO, Kanako KANEYAMA, Syuji KOBAYASHI, Kei IMAI, Masayuki SHIN-N ...1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 243-245
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe present study aims to examine the effects of the use of two kinds of somatic cells from a single adult cow on fusion rate, cleavage rate, developmental rate into blastocysts of nuclear transplant oocytes, and pregnancy potential of reconstituted blastocysts. Oviductal epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from a single adult Jersey cow with a milking record were used in the present experiment. No significant differences were observed in the in vitro criteria described above between two cell types used as a source of donor nucleus. Although pregnancies were obtained from both cell types, live calves resulted only from embryos cloned from oviductal epithelial cells. Using oviductal epithelial cells, three out of ten recipients became pregnant. Two carried to full term and delivered one female calf each at day 285 of gestation. The birth weights of two live female calves were 27.5kg and 30.0kg. The third aborted at day 251 of gestation. On the other hand, using mammary gland cells, one out of six recipients became pregnant but aborted at day 81 of gestation. Genomic DNA analyses confirmed that the calves are all genetically identical to the nuclear donor cell.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1220K) -
Takamitsu AII, Shouji MATSUZAKI, Kyouichi SAKAMOTO, Hirotoshi HAYASAWA ...1999 年 70 巻 4 号 p. 246-247
発行日: 1999/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーWhen hens were given an experimental diet that consisted of 99% conventional feed and 1% prepared conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C16:0, C18:0, CLA-1 and CLA-2 concentrations in the serum and yolk lipids remarkably increased, together with the rise of the melting point of the yolk lipid. Many embryos of eggs from hens given the experimental diet died in the early stages of incubation, and the hatchability was 13.1%, as compared with 92.8% of the control eggs. However, hens' health remained normal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (170K)
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