日本畜産学会報
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
70 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の21件中1~21を表示しています
  • Masanori KOMATSU, Shinobu YOSHIHARA, Tomiji AKITA, Norihisa GOTO
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 393-398
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined several immunological characteristics of Meishan pigs to determine the cause of their high susceptibility to skin disease. The total serum complement activity (CH 50) and the third complement component (C3) levels of Meishan pigs were, respectively, two-fold and 1.2-1.3 fold those of the levels of the European pig breeds at 26 weeks of age. We compared changes in total serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in Meishan and Duroc pig breeds after Alum-BSA immunization. The IgG levels of the immunized Meishan pigs at 16 weeks of age were remarkably higher than those of the Duroc and non-immunized control Meishan pigs (2.9-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively). Meishan pigs were also found to have different SLA class II genotypes, thicker epidermises, and clearer increases in eosinophil infiltration with age than their Duroc counterparts. Furthermore, a severe eosinophil infiltration was found around blood capillaries in the dermis and hypodermis of Meishan pigs at 153 days of age. These histopathological findings appear to reflect characteristics of the allergic dermatitis. Collectively, these results suggest that the Meishan pig has a high tendency toward type I allergic reaction, a tendency which may be due to the breed's high CH 50 and C 3 levels and high humoral immune responsiveness.
  • Michinari YOKOHAMA, Tamiaki KONDO, Tomohiro AKASHIMA, Tamotsu TERADA, ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 399-407
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Equine neonatal isoerthrolysis (ENI) caused by incompatibilty of blood group alloantigens between a mare and foal has been detected by the indirect antiglobulin test (coombs test) with polyclonal anti-horse γ-globulinan tibody (pAb). However, since this pAb recognizes not only the incompatible antibodies causing ENI (ENI-causing antibody), but other antibodies specific for blood group as specific antigens, the positivity for antibodies in mare serum becomes higher in routine testing.
    Although newborn foals of positive mares have been prevented from developing serious icterus diseases by withholding the colostrum for a certain period of time, failure of passive antibody transfer (FPT) is a problem. Accordingly, monoclonalanti-horser-globulinantibodies(MonoclonalAbs) with higher specificity for the ENI-causing antibodies were developed by a cell fusion technique.
    Forty cell lines which produce Monoclonal Abs specific to horse r-globulin were cloned. The Monoclonal Abs from 19 of these cell lines could specifically hemagglutinate the erthrocytes sensitized with the ENI-causing antibodies. The following panel names were given to the 19 Monoclonal Abs : TS-1-TS-5, TS-8-TS-12, A-1-A-3 and G-1-G-6, respectively. The panel of Monoclonal Abs which showed the strongest affinity for the ENI-causing antibodies were TS-4, TS-10, A-1, A-2 and G -1. As a result of clinical testing to prevent ENI in the past three years, the positive rate for mares in the coombs test with Monoclonal Abs (Monoclonal Ab reagents mixed with TS-4 and TS-10 panels) has been significantly decreased in comparison with the results by pAb. These Monoclonal Abs are available for prohylactic for ENI
  • Masayuki SHOJO, Hiroaki IWAISAKI
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 408-413
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper concerns the characteristics of the distribution of a proportion trait that is defined as the proportion of the amount of one component to the total amount of all the components. Two component traits following curtailed normality are considered here and are assumed to have positive values. The probability density function for the proportion trait is derived in the general form and then the particular form is given for the case where coefficients of variation for the component traits are relatively small. Using three selected sets of the parameter values for the component traits, the parametric values of the location, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis for the distribution of the proportion trait are shown. It is revealed that the shape of the distribution is able to be symmetrical and very nearly normal, skewed to the right or skewed to the left, with a density more peaked around its center than a normal curve. These results confirm us that phenotypic selection differentials in one cycle of upward and downward truncation selection for the proportion trait may be asymmetrical, especially with higher intensity of selection, even when the component traits follow a normal distribution.
  • Kohichi YAMAGISHI, Hiroaki IWAISAKI
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 414-420
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The pseudoexpectation (PE) methods are an iterative procedure for estimating variance components in the general mixed linear model. The computational loads in the PE methods are relatively small and the estimates converge faster, although the methods are an approximation to the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. In the field of animal breeding, it has been considered that the PE methods can be used in estimating from large data sets including no or weak influence of selection, or in obtaining initial values to use in the REML estimation. This paper reports some basic characteristics of the convergence curve of the PE variance ratio estimate in the case of balanced data. In the specific balanced case, the PE and REML estimates are identical, but their convergence curves are different. The ratios of the difference between the consecutive estimates in the ith and the i-1th rounds to that in the i+1th and the ith rounds vary, for instance, in the REML estimation using the expectation-maximization algorithm, while those with the PE methods take a constant value regardless of initial values and rounds of iteration. Hence, the PE curve of convergence can be exactly represented using the result for a geometric series. Consequently, the PE curve is equivalent to the curve assumed underlyingly in the extrapolation techniques, or the techniques of directly predicting the final value such as the Aitken extrapolation and the common intercept approach. In the unbalanced case, the property of this kind of the PE curve is no longer retained, and the degrees of discrepancies among the PE and the extrapolation estimates would be dependent on the structure of the data to be analyzed. When one wishes to accelerate convergence in the REML analysis of unbalanced data, it is important to notice that the PE and the extrapolation techniques each have the advantages and disadvantages for the purpose.
  • Nitish SARKER, Shiho YAMAGUCHI, Masahide NISHIBORI, Masaoki TSUDZUKI, ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 421-428
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    To examine the effect of divergent selection for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) levels two pairs of chicken lines of four generations were selected. The base population from which the experiment was started composed of six lines. Serum IgM and IgG levels and changes in gene frequencies of blood groups and blood protein loci were monitored for all individuals in each generation. Selection was effective (P<0.01) in changing the serum IgM and IgG levels. The differences between the high immunoglobulin M (HIM) and low immunoglobulin M (LIM) lines as well as high immunoglobulin G (HIG) and low immunoglobulin G (LIG) lines became gradually larger during the process of selection. A remarkable effect of selection on the changes of gene frequencies of blood proteins was not observed. In the HIM line, gene frequency of the BA allele increased and that of the BG and BN alleles decreased over the course of selection. In the LIM line, gene frequency of the BA allele decreased and that of BG and BN alleles increased during the selection. Similar tendency was also observed for the BA, BG, and BN alleles of HIG and LIG lines. This contrasting change in gene frequency of the BA, BG, and BN alleles in the two selected lines suggest that the B blood group alleles may be involved in IgM and IgG production.
  • Wen-Chang ZHANG, Toshihiko NAKAO, Masaharu MORIYOSHI, Ken NAKADA, Abdu ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 429-436
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fifty-four pregnant Holstein-Friesian cattle were divided into 3 groups according to their gestation length (A=274-280 days; B=281-285; C=286-290). Changes in plasma estrone sulfate (E1S) concentrations during pregnancy, calf birth weight, calf viability, placental weight and placental expulsion were compared among the 3 groups. Differences in E1S concentrations among these groups became evident after day 271 of pregnancy and E1S levels in groups A and C were lower than in group B. In male calves, birth weights in group A were significantly lower than those in groups B (P<0.01) and C (P<0.05). Likewise, in female calves, birth weights in group A were significantly lower than those in group C (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in birth weights of both male and female calves between groups B and C. Incidences of weak calves and retained placenta were lower in group B (11.5%) than in groups A (25.0%) and C (43.8%). Cotyledonary weights in group B tended to be higher than in groups A and C, and there were significant differences between groups A and B for dams with male neonates and for total dams, and between groups B and C for total dams. Thus, gestation length below the herd average is associated with low calf birth weight, low cotyledonary weight and low plasma E1S concentrations, while gestation length above the herd average is not necessarily associated with high calf birth weight, high cotyledonary weight or high plasma E1S concentrations. The longer gestation period, however, resulted in higher incidence of neonatal weakness and retained placenta. These results indicate that the feto-placental growth slows or ceases when a gestation period extends over a normal period and as a consequence prevalence of retained placenta and weak calves increases in cows with longer gestation period.
  • Tatsuo MURAMATSU, Kazuteru FUKAZAWA, Akihiro NAKAMURA
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 437-443
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Early screening of preimplantation bovine embryos was attempted by detecting firefly luciferase gene expression as bioluminescence. No detrimental effect was observed in a 3hr-exposure of 2-cell embryos to 500μM luciferin-containing medium on the subsequent embryonic development to the blastocyst stage, whereas a 6-hr exposure significantly reduced the percentageof the embryos that successfully developed to blastocysts (P<0.05). When the firefly luciferase gene driven by the SV 40 early enhancer and promoter was microinjected in the pronucleus of one-cell stage embryos, clear and strong bioluminescence signals were observed in embryos of four-to 16-cell stages within 10min. The presence of the DNA sequences encoding bovine α-lactalbumin secretion signal significantly enhanced the bioluminescence compared with the basic luciferase gene without the signal sequences (P<0.01). These results suggest that the secretion segnal sequences of bovine α-lactalbumin gene may improve the usefulness of the firefly luciferase reporter gene as a selection means of preimplantation embryos carrying transgenes.
  • Masaya YAMANAKA, Toshiyuki KUDO, Naoko KIMURA, Tomoko AMANO, Yoshiaki ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 444-450
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of bovine leukemia inhibitory factor (bLIF) on hatching and numbers of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of bovine intact and biopsied blastocysts was examined. Experiment 1: bovine blastocysts produced in vitro were cultured with 0, 2, 10, 25, 50 and 100ng/ml of bLIF. The hatching rate of blastocysts cultured with varied concentrations of bLIF was significantly higher than that of the blastocysts cultured without bLIF. The numbers of TE cells of surviving blastocysts cultured in medium with bLIF significantly increased compared with that cultured without bLIF. However, there were no differences in the numbers of ICM cells. Experiment 2: bovine blastocysts were biopsied and the remaining embryos were cultured for 72h with 10ng/ml of bLIF. There were no differences in survival rates of blastocysts in cultures with or without bLIF. The number of TE cells of biopsied blastocysts cultured with bLIF significantly increased compared in culture with that without bLIF. However, there were no differences in the numbers of ICM cells. These results indicate that bLIF acts on the hatching process and increases the number of TE cells.
  • Akio OKA, Taiji DOHGO, Susumu OHTAGAKI, Masakatsu JUEN
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 451-459
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of roughage levels on growth, beef quality, ruminal contents and serum constituents during the growing period in Japanese Black steers were investigated. Eight Japanese Black male calves, which were 4 months old, were divided into two groups: a high roughage group (H) and a low roughage group (L). The animals in H and L were fed a diet containing approximately 60% and 30% roughage on TDN basis respectively during the growing period (4 to 10 months old). They were fed the same diet in the fattening stage (11 to 30 months old). The average daily gain in L was greater than that in H during the growing period. The withers height and heart girth, however, were similar in both groups throughout this study. The body weights at the end of fattening period were also similar in both groups. The beef marbling in H was better than that in L, but not significantly. The intermuscular fat thickness in H was significantly thinner than that in L. These results suggest that feeding a large quantity of roughage during the growing period gives a preferable carcass for meat industry with relatively small amount of intermuscular fat.
  • Yuichi MIYAKOSHI, Akio IMAI, Yasuhiro FUJITANI, Masakazu IRIE, Shigeru ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 460-470
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thirty-six Holstein steers (8 months of age) were allocated to three different dietary programs with low, medium, and high energy levels (LE, ME, and HE, respectively) in early (18 weeks) and middle (16 weeks) fattening periods. The TDN (% of DM) of LE, ME, and HE were 73, 75, and 77 in the early period, and 79, 81, and 84 in the middle period, respectively. All the steers were fed the same finishing diet with 85% TDN for 16 weeks. Lower DM intake and lower weight gain were observed in the HE in early period as compared with the LE. Although TDN intake was not different among the diets, the HE showed lower TDN efficiency than the LE in the early period, presumably caused by a restriction of metabolizable protein. There were tendencies towards lower final body weight in the HE and larger reduction in DM intake in the LE in the finishing period, whereas no statistical difference in carcass traits was seen among the diets except for the occurrence of high contents of C 16: 1, C 18: 2, and/or C 18: 3 in the HE. These results suggest that dietary TDN level of 75% or slightly less for the early period and a gradual change in dietary energy level would be commendable for successfully fattening Holstein steers.
  • Miwa IWAMOTO, Narito ASANUMA, Tsuneo HINO
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 471-478
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mixed ruminal microbes from the rumen of a goat were incubated with nitrate or nitrite in a growth medium containing starch and cellulose. The rate of nitrate reduction was 2.5-fold faster than the rate of nitrite reduction, which brought about the accumulation of nitrite. The increase in nitrate increased the peak nitrite concentration, and prolonged the time for nitrite to disappear. The addition of nitrate decreased methanogenesis partly by the consumption of electrons, but to a greater extent by the suppression of fermentation due to accumulated nitrite. The addition of fumarate increased the rate of nitrate reduction, and to a greater extent increased the rate of nitrite reduction, which alleviated the adverse effect of nitrite on fermentation and cellulose digestion. Consequently, the combination of fumarate and nitrate decreased methanogenesis without the suppression of fermentation or a decrease in propionate production.
  • Akira TAMURA, Tohru MATSUI, Hideo YANO
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 479-483
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Six male pigs (Gottingen) aged 11 months were allotted to a 6×6 Latin square design. Pigs were fed a diet containing a sufficient amount of phosphorus (P-sufficient diet) or a phosphorus deficient diet (basal diet). The basal diet was supplemented with 0, 1, 000, 2, 000 or 4, 000 phytase unit (PU)/kg of yeast phytase, or 1, 000PU/kg of Aspergillus niger phytase. Apparent absorption of phosphorus was increased (P<0.05) by the supplementation of 2, 000 and 4, 000PU/kg of yeast phytase. Although phosphorus absorption in pigs given 1, 000PU/kg of Aspergillus niger phytase did not differ significantly from those given 2, 000PU/kg of yeast phytase, the pigs given 1, 000 PU/kg of Aspergillus niger phytase tended to absorb more phosphorus than did the pigs given 1, 000PU/kg of yeast phytase (P=0.14). Based on linear equation generated for the levels of yeast phytase and absorption of phosphorus, 1, 000PU/kg of Aspergillus niger phytase was equivalent to 2, 180PU/kg of yeast phytase. These results suggested that supplementation with yeast phytase increased phosphorus absorption in pigs, however, yeast phytase was less effective than Aspergillus niger phytase.
  • Kunio SUGAHARA, Yasuko SHIMOYAMA, Hisanori KATO, Tatsuo KUBO
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 484-489
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the early reduction in intake of a lysine-free diet and the changes in hypothalamic monoamine concentration in growing chicks. Food intake was hourly measured after presentation of the control and lysine-free diets for 7 hours. At first, third and seventh hours, chicks were decapitated and brains were removed. Monoamines were determined in the hypothalamus using a HPLC-ECD system. Food intakes from 4 to 5 and 5 to 6 hours were significantly less in chicks on the lysine-free diet than in the control chicks. Initial concentrations of monoamines (mean values with SD, ng per mg wet tissue) in the hypothalamic area including the three nuclei were as follows; serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 9.0±1.8, norepinephrine 2.0±0.5, epinephrine 1.51±0.38 and dopamine O.405±0.100. In general, the concentration of hypothalamic monoamines did not significantly vary with the dietary lysine depletion. These results indicated that the early reduction of food intake by feeding the lysine-free diet occurred without the change in the overall concentration of monoamines in the hypothalamus.
  • Hisao IWAMOTO, Takafumi GOTOH, Shotaro NISHIMURA, Yoshitaka ONO, Hitos ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 490-496
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Inter- and intra-breed variation in the fiber type composition of M. longissimus lumborum and M. biceps femoris in steers was examined on the biopsy materials. Fibers were divided into Type βR, αR and αW. Japanese Black (born in Ohita and Kagoshima prefecture) and Japanese Brown (Aso and Kikuchi, Kumamoto prefecture), Holstein and F1 (Japanese Black bull×Holstein cow) steers were used. In both muscles, the marked inter- and intfa-breed variation was observed on the percentages of Type βR and αW. fibers with those reciprocal changes. Of all breeds, the Ohita-Black showed the largest percentage of Type βR fibers and the Kagoshima-Black the second in each muscle. On the other hand, the muscles of the Holstein were characterized by containing Type βR fibers at the lowest frequency. The Brown occupied middle position between the Blacks and Holstein in the percentage distribution of Type βR fibers and showed the largest percentage of Type αR fibers in the biceps muscle compared with the others. From these results it was suggested that the Japanese natives substantially differ in their fiber type composition in the muscles from those of the Holstein and also exhibit inter-and intra-breed variation.
  • Takafumi GOTOH, Hisao IWAMOTO, Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Raizaburo UMETSU, ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 497-509
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Histochemical examination was carried out on the 66 skeletal muscles in the different body parts of the young Japanese Black steers (11 months of age). Tissues were taken from the central portion of each muscle, cut into serial frozen sections and stained by reactions for myosin ATPase and NADH dehydrogenase activities. Myofibers were divided into Type I, IIA and IIB. Generally the muscles in the young steers contained Type IIA myofibers at higher frequency as compared with the fattened adult. Some Type IIA myofibers seemed to transform into Type I or Type IIB with age. The muscles with much Type I myofibers which are to play a main role in posture maintaining were very small and occupied the deep position, but Mm. serratus ventrales is fairly large. The large muscles important for beef production contained great proportion of Type II myofibers, which are mobilized to do more active motions such as locomotion. These results suggest that every muscle plays its peculiar function at different body parts after obtaining its own histochemical property.
  • Takafumi GOTOH, Hisao IWAMOTO, Raizaburo UMETSU, Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 510-518
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Histochemical properties of M. biceps femoris were examined in Japanese Black young steers (11 months of age). The cranial portion of M. biceps femoris was dissected out from M. gluteobiceps after measuring its weight and was divided into 3 parts of equal length, namely the proximal, middle and distal. At the center of each part, the muscles were collected from the 5 subparts of equal depth from the superficial to the profound. Using the histochemical reactions for myosin ATPase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, myofibers were categorized into Type I, Type II A and Type II B4). Different distributions of myofiber types among the parts were also recognized in these young steers showing the same tendency as in the fattened adult in our previous study7). However, Type II A myofibers occurred at higher percentage in the young than in the adult in every parts and Type I and Type II B showed the reverse tendency except for Type II B in the proximal part. These results indicated that the biceps muscle underwent a change in the myofiber type composition with transformation of Type II A to Type I and Type II B from 11 to 29 months of age.
  • Atsushi SUZUKI, Kouichi WATANABE, Toshihiro KONNO, Shyuichi OHWADA
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 519-525
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Type I myofibers are concentrated in the deep portions of the muscles situated cranially in the thigh and distributed sparsely in the caudally situated muscles in quadrupeds. The distribution of myofiber types in the hip and thigh musculature of pigs was examined. Myofibers were classified into type I, type II A, and type II B myofibers by differences in histochemical reactivity for myosin ATPase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase. Type II B myofibers were distributed more greatly in the superficial portions than in the deep portions in the hip and thigh musculature. Type II A myofibers varied less in proportion than did types I and II B myofibers. Type I myofibers were distributed greatly in the gluteus profundus muscle and the deep portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle situated cranially in the thigh. In addition, type I myofibers were concentrated in the craniolateral portion of the semimembranosus muscle situated caudally in the thigh. These results show that type I myofibers are concentrated not only in the cranially situated muscle but also in the caudally situated muscle in the thigh of pigs.
  • Takaharu KOZAKAI, Kazuo KATOH, Yasuyuki SASAKI
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 526-534
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    We, in the first experiment, observed changes in concentrations of minerals, short-chain fatty acids and osmolality along 6 parts of the caprine gastrointestinal tract. The concentrations of Na and HCO3 and pH were lowest in the abomasum, changing reciprocally with those of Ca and Cl-. The concentration of Mg gradually (P<0.05) increased along the intestine. In the second experiment, we examined effects of changing medium ionic compositions on Ca absorption (a ratio of serosal to mucosal Ca concentration) in everted sacs of the jejuno-ileum. Ca absorption in a solution containing 41.2mmol/l MgCl2 was greater than that in a solution containing 1.2mmol/l MgCl2 (P<0.05). The effect of Mg on Ca absorption was dependent on the mucosal Mg concentrations (P<0.01). From these results, we conclude that in goats, a luminal Mg concentration, which increases along the intestine, accelerates Ca absorption in the jejuno-ileum.
  • Takamitsu AII, Masanobu TAMAKI, Hirotoshi SHIMABUKURO, Hirotoshi HAYAS ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 535-541
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of providing a diet containing a large quantity of linoleic acid (C 18: 2n-6) on the production of cow's milk rich in conjugated linoleic acid was examined using four lactating Holstein cows (mean milk yield: 26.8kg). One group of cows was fed with experimental diet containing linseed and the other group was fed with diet without linseed for a period of 56 days. The control and experimental cows received daily 224g of C 18: 2n-6/head and 308g of C 18: 2n-6/head, respectively. A mean cis-9, trans-11/traps-9, cis-11-octadecadienoic acid (CLA-1) content of the milk fat of the experimental cows was about 3.7 times as much as that of the control cows(18.2±2.8 (×±STD) vs. 4.9±: 1.1mg/g of milk fat). The rate of conversion of ingested C 18: 2n-6 to CLA-1 of milk fat was about 20.2%. The mean CLA-1 content of the serum lipid was O.08±0.01% and O.27±0.03% of the total fatty acids for the control and the experimental cows, respectively. On the other hand, mean trans-11-octadecenoic acid contents of the milk fat and serum lipid increased from 2.2 to 5.4% and from 0.93 to 2.48%, respectively, as a result of feeding the experimental diet.
  • Shigeru MORITA, Shinji SUGITA, Mitsumasa YAMAMOTO, Shinji HOSHIBA, Tak ...
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 542-546
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this study was to examine the behavior of calf in an automatic milk replacer feeding system for the improvement of the system. Twenty-six calves were kept in a pen with an automatic milk replacer feeding station, a calf starter trough and a water trough. The location and behavioral type of individual calf were checked every minute during 24-hour observation. On the average, a calf lie 1, 020 minutes/day, occupied the automatic feeding system for 35, waited 59 for the station and accessed calf starter trough for 61 minutes/day. Maximum occupancy time of the system was 92 minutes/day and the minimum was 5. There was long idle time in their rewarded occupancy. In total, 312 minutes/day was used for non-rewarded occupancy. The location or space occupation by calf with a higher rate was areas along with the partition of the pen, especially in front of the automatic feeding station and the trough for drinking water and calf starter. Calves used areas along with a partition wall without troughs or the station, for lying at rest in a higher rate. Calves spent little time in the center area of the pen. It was suggested that shorter idle time on rewarded occupancy and less non-rewarded occupancy was needed in this system for a better use of the automatic feeding system, and that more studies on dealing with space use of rearing area is needed a better design of housing.
  • Eisaku TSUNEISHI, Masatoshi MATSUZAKI, Nobuya SHIBA, Shinichirou HARA
    1999 年 70 巻 6 号 p. 547-550
    発行日: 1999/11/25
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present study, we investigated conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) concentrations in the adipose tissues from carcasses of Japanese Black fattening steers and was correlated with the roughage intake. Subcutaneous, intermuscular and peninephric fats were collected from 8 Japanese Black fattening steers with mean body weight of 670±79kg. The animals were fed with concentrate and chopped rice straw ad libitum for 11 months, from 15 to 26 months of age. Conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in subcutaneous, intermuscular and perinephric fats were 0.44, 0.34 and 0.25%, respectively. The difference in mean CLA concentrations among the adipose tissues was significant (P<0.01). The coefficients of correlation between the percentages of CLA in subcutaneous and intermuscular fat was 0.897 (P<0.01), in subcutaneous and perinephric fat was 0.680, and in intermuscular and perinephric fat was 0.643. The correlations between the proportion of the roughage to the total feed consumed and CLA concentrations in the subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat and perinephric fat were 0.761 (P<0.05), 0.658 and 0.393, respectively. Roughage intake was significantly correlated with CLA concentrations in the subcutaneous fat. Relatively higher percentage of CLA was obtained in the subcutaneous fat of the beef cattle which had higher intake of fibrous feed. Results suggest that feeding management of beef cattle should be geared towards higher proportion of fibrous dietary intake to increase CLA, which is beneficial.
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