巻号一覧
71 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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Kei-ichi SHIMAZAKI2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 329-347
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2265K) -
Takuro OIKAWA, Tetsuo KUNIEDA, Katsunori SATO2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 348-352
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe actual variance of the inbreeding coefficient was derived for a pedigree with multiple paths to foundation animals. For each path, variances of the inbreeding coefficients were computed by the procedure using a theory on variable segments in a chromosome. Covariances between the actual inbreeding coefficients corresponding to the individual paths are necessary for computing the total variance of the inbreeding coefficient. The covariance can be approximated by an equation comparable to the one for estimation of variance of the inbreeding coefficient for a single path in a pedigree, depending on the inbreeding coefficients, the coefficient of variation of the length of the chromosome segment and the number of chromosome segments. The analytical variances estimated for pedigrees generally agreed with the simulated values. Numerical examples are also presented.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (342K) -
Kazuo FUKAWA, Toshie SUGIYAMA, Seiji KUSUHARA, Osamu KUDOH, Kenji KAME ...2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 353-362
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーClosed population of 6 generations Duroc pigs was selected for higher productivity and better leg soundness. The leg joint lesions of 174 slaughtered pigs at approximately 90kg live weight were scored from 0 (no lesion) to 4 (very severe lesion) in optical, radiographical and histological standpoints throughout the six generations. Moreover, one thousand and three hundred eighty three pigs were scored from 1 (very good) to 5 (very weak) for leg weakness. Significant differences in the leg weakness score and joint lesion scores were observed among selected generations. Significant differences were observed between gilt and boar/barrow group in 9 traits. The heritabilities of joint lesion scores were low through intermediate. The heritabilities of histological joint scores were also low through intermediate. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between the scores of front (humerus and ulna) and rear legs (femur) were low. The genetic correlations between optical, radiographical and histological scores of the same joint were generally high. The phenotypic correlations between the leg weakness score and joint lesion scores were positive although statistically not significant from zero. The genetic correlations between the leg weakness score and joint lesion scores were generally intermediately or highly positive. The result suggested that selection based on joint lesion scores could lead to a better leg joint condition optically and histologically. It also suggested that selection based on leg weakness score could lead to the reduction of leg joint lesion according to the correlated response.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (800K) -
Masahiro SATOH, Chindo HICKS, Kazuo ISHII, Tsutomu FURUKAWA2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 363-370
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of errors in estimates of genetic parameters on genetic response to selection in pigs were investigated when the selection was based on selection index for relative desired genetic changes (DC-index). The effects of errors on gains based on economic selection index (Smith-Hazel index: SH-index) were also investigated to compare with DC-index. Information on individual phenotype of candidate for selection (SIC) and on family (SIF) of the candidate was used in selection index. Average daily gain (DG), backfat thickness (BF) and litter size at birth (LS) were considered as traits for breeding objective and selection criteria. The respective heritabilities of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.1 for DG, BF and LS, with genetic and phenotypic correlations between DG and BF of 0.2, and no correlations between LS and DG and BF were assumed. A distinction is drawn between the response [E(_??_H0)] possible with use of the optimum index based on exact parameters and that achieved [E(_??_ H1)] with an index which uses the estimates of the genetic parameters in SH-index. We also draw a distinction between the response [E(_??_g0i)] possible with use of the optimum index and that achieved [E(_??_g1i)] of each ith trait with an index which uses the estimates of the parameters in DC-index. The efficiencies of selection in SH-index and DC-index were defined as RH[=E(_??_H1)/E(_??_H0)] and RD[the minimum value of E(_??_g1i)/E(_??_g0i) in all selected traits], respectively. Errors in estimates of genetic correlation had smaller effect for RH and RD than errors in estimates of heritability per unit. Expected loss in efficiency in DC-index was more sensitive than SH-index to incorrect estimates of heritability or genetic correlation. Errors in phenotypic correlation scarcely affect both RH and RD. For response to selection, the effect of error in estimate of heritability for LS was the largest in three traits. If there is no confirmation of accurate estimates of genetic parameters (e. g. genetic parameters in literature are used in selection programs) and if absolute of relative desired change for LS per genetic standard deviation unit is larger than that for both DG and BF, a higher heritability for LS should be used to construct selection index.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (565K) -
Yupin LUENGRATTANA, Sakae KOHARA, Hiromi HARA, Harutaka MUKOYAMA, Kei ...2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 371-376
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe nucleotide sequence of a Shiba goat (Capra hircus) heat-shock protein 70-3 (Hsp 70 -3) gene was determined by the dideoxy-nucleotide chain termination method. The Hsp 70-3 gene was composed of an uninterrupted primary sequence of 2, 696 nucleotides. It composed of a 5' noncoding leader sequence of 491 nucleotides, a 3' noncoding region of 294 nucleotides and a continuous open reading frame (ORF) of 1, 911 nucleotides. The ORF encoded 636 amino acids and the predicted molecular mass was 69, 863 daltons. The multiple potentially regulatory sequences i. e. TATA-box, CCAAT box, GC element and heat shock element (HSE), were found in the 5' flanking region of the goat Hsp 70-3 gene. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the goat Hsp 70-3 gene with the reported sequence a bovine Hsp 70-3 gene (GenBank accession No. L10428) revealed that the goat Hsp 70-3 was highly identical (up to 98.2%) to the bovine Hsp 70-3 protein, and only 6 out of 636 amino acids were different. The other minor difference was that the goat Hsp 70-3 protein had insertion of 5 amino acids (NKRAV) which were not observed in the bovine Hsp 70-3 protein. We concluded that Capra hircus Hsp 70-3 gene was the homologue of Bos taurus Hsp 70-3 gene considered as one member of the goat Hsp 70 gene family.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (539K) -
Mitsuru NAITO, Akiko SANO, Takahiro TAGAMI, Takashi HARUMI, Yuko MATSU ...2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 377-385
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーChicken blastoderms of freshly laid and unincubated eggs at stage X were transfected in vivo by lipofection and electroporation using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as a marker. DNA was injected into the blastoderm with or without lipofection solution. Electroporation was carried out using a pair of electrodes in parallel on both sides of the blastoderm. The manipulated embryos were cultured in host eggshells and the GFP gene expression was detected through the aperture of the reconstituted eggs under a fluorescent microscope. When blastoderms were transfected by lipofection, expression of the GFP gene tended to be detected in the whole blastoderm. When blastoderms were transfected by electroporation, the GFP gene tended to express intensely in a limited part of the blastoderm. By combining both lipofection and electroporation, transfection efficiency was enhanced and the GFP gene expression in the whole blastoderm was observed more intensely. Embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue expression of the GFP gene was observed in 2-3 day incubated embryos both by lipofection and electroporation. GFP gene is very useful as a marker for detecting the gene expression because GFP gene expression can continuously be monitored in developing live embryos cultured in host eggshells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1779K) -
Tadahisa FUJITA, Masahiro KAJITA, Hiroaki SANO, Akio SHIGA2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 386-392
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーIntact adult male goats were fed diets at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the metabolizable energy for maintenance, each for 21 days. Supplemental energy above maintenance was supplied as corn starch. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion. The concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also measured at 6h after feeding. At 6h after feeding, plasma total amino-nitrogen, acetate and propionate concentrations were increased (P<0.05) with increasing energy intake, but plasma insulin concentration was unchanged. In the clamp experiment, basal blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were unaffected by energy intake. Maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin) increased (P<0.05) with increasing energy intake, but the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity) was unaffected by energy intake. These results suggest that in adult male goats energy supplementation with starch enhances tissue responsiveness to insulin, but has no effect on insulin sensitivity as determined by the glucose clamp approach.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (571K) -
Hiroshi UEDA, Kentarou TANOUE2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 393-399
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーCertain saponins are known to have both growth-depressing and cholesterol-lowering effects in chicks. Taking into account the proposed mechanism underlying both effects, it seems reasonable to consider that the growth-depressing effect of saponins is associated with the cholesterollowering effect. However, inconsistent results were also reported. In the present experiment, the relationship between growth depression due to saponins and their cholesterol-lowering effect was investigated under the different dietary conditions. Seven-day-old male chicks were fed experimental diets for 10 days. Tea and Quillaja saponins retarded chick growth rate; the former was more toxic than the latter when cholesterol was not included in the diet. However, the addition of cholesterol alone or together with beef tallow alleviated the growth depression due to saponins partly or completely, extent of which depended on the dietary saponin levels. Phytosterols and cholestyramine completely prevented the increase in serum cholesterol concentrations due to dietary cholesterol alone or together with beef tallow or sodium cholate. On the other hand, the hypocholesterolemic effect of the two saponins was only observed when cholesterol and beef tallow were incorporated simultaneously into the diet and, even in this case, the effect of saponin was inferior to that of phytosterols or cholestyramine. Thus, the growth-depressing effect of saponin was not always accompanied by the hypocholesterolemic effect.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (560K) -
Hiroyuki KOMATSU, Takashi SHIBANO, Katuaki Ota2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 400-408
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of histamine (HA) on the pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion was investigated in normally fed and 48 h-fasted ovariectomized estradiol-primed (OVX E2-primed) rats. An immunohistochemical study was also conducted to examine the effect of 48h-fasting on the distribution of HA in posterior and mid portions of the hypothalamus of OVX E2-primed rats. Blood samples for LH assay were collected via atrial indwelling catheter at 6min intervals for 3h, and l0μl of HA solution (1μg/μl) were infused into the third ventricle over 60min of the second one h period of blood sampling. TCV infusion of HA caused a significant depression of mean LH concentration during the period of drug infusion in normally fed rats. The effect of HA infusion was not clear in fasted animals, although the LH release also tended to decrease during the infusion. In mmunohistochemical study, no eminent effect of fasting on the occurrence and size of HA positive particles was observed in any area of posterior and mid portions of the hypothalamus. These results indicate a possibility that HA is involved in the mechanism of the suppression of LH secretion by fasting at least in the conditions examined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1804K) -
Masanori MATSUISHI, Mitsuhiro FUJIMORI, Yoon-Hee MOON, Akihiro OKITANI2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 409-415
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーIn our previous paper, a desirable odor generated in raw beef by conditioning, i. e., the conditioned raw beef aroma, was suggested to be produced by some kinds of bacteria at the site containing both leans and fats in the presence of oxygen. Thus, we isolated such a bacterium and examined some of its features. Bacterial isolates from beef loins were screened on sterile lean extract with floating sterile adipose tissue or sterile fat to obtain the bacterium producing the conditioned raw beef aroma. Of 89 isolates, one isolate (H 25W) producing this odor apparently was obtained. H 25W was gram-positive and catalase-positive, and occurred as unbranched rods in short chains. It was nonmotile and grew on the streptomycin-thallous acetate-actidione medium. These features implied that H 25W was Brochothrix thermosphacta, a very common bacterium in market meats. Some other features (oxygen-requirement, etc.) of H 25W coincided with those of Brochothrix thermosphacta. Furthermore, the type culture strain of Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509 demonstrated to have produced the conditioned raw beef aroma. Thus, H 25W which produced the conditioned raw beef aroma was strongly suggested to be Brochothrix thermosphacta.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (458K) -
Yuji MIYAGUCHI, Kiyami NAGAYAMA, Masakazu TSUTSUMI2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 416-424
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーTo understand the thermal and functional properties of porcine sarcoplasmic proteins (SP), the gelation and emulsion properties were compared with those of porcine blood plasma (BP), egg albumin (EA) and whey protein isolates (WPI). Differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed that the denaturation temperature of SP was lower than the other proteins. The solubility of SP decreased at above 60°C. On the other hand, those of BP and EA decreased at above 70°C and that of WPI decreased at above 80°C. The surface hydrophobicity of SP greatly increased after heating. Thermal gelation of more than 1% SP occurred at 80°C for 30min. But at 5% protein concentration, the gel strength of SP was lowest among all proteins used. The stability of SP emulsion heated was higher than those of any other proteins'emulsions. The fat binding capacity of SP was higher after that of BP. These results suggested that functional properties of SP would affect textural properties of emulsion type food like sausage and meat patties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1428K) -
Yasuhiro KAWAI, Shigeki OHBOSHI, Tatsuyuki YOSHIDA, Hiroshi TOMOGANE2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 425-427
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThis study investigated the use of the comet assay to assess DNA damage in individual preimplantation rat embryos, and compared with the extent of DNA damage in the embryos developed between in vivo and in vitro. The embryos developed in vivo from 2-cell to the blastocyst stages were recovered from oviducts or uterus. The embryos developed in vitro were obtained by culturing from 2-cell stage embryos in a chemically defined medium under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. The comet assay could be readily detected the DNA damage in individual embryos. The extent of DNA damage in the cultured embryos significantly increased with the developmental stages, compared with the embryos developed in vivo (P<0.05). These results indicate that the comet assay is useful for the assessment of the normality of the developed embryos and the culture system of rat embryos in this study would be required to improve for better embryonic viability.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (263K) -
Hiroshi KAMISOYAMA, Ken YAGI, Kazuhisa HONDA, Norihisa FUJII, Tohru MO ...2000 年 71 巻 4 号 p. 428-431
発行日: 2000/07/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーRecombinant chicken glucagon was successfully produced with a high level of expression in E. coli as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein (MBP). The synthetic gene was designed to release glucagon, which does not contain glutamic acid residues, from MBP-glucagon fusion protein with BLase that specifically cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of the glutamic acid residue. The resulting glucagon was purified to homogeneity by a combination of reverse-phase HPLC and ion-exchange HPLC, and its structure was confirmed by amino acid composition analysis. The overall yield of the recombinant glucagon was approximately 3.9mg from 1l of culture. According to its ability to stimulate lipolysis in chicken adipocytes, it was shown that recombinant chicken glucagon possesses biological activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (992K)
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