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Volume 71, Issue 9
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Keigo KUCHIDA, Koji KATO, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI, Shunzo MIYOSHI2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 305-310
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMarbling level of M. semispinalis capitis (SC) and M. semispinalis dorsi (SD) are used as supplementary information in the Beef Marbling Standard (BMS) number judgment. The effectiveness of the use of these information to predict the BMS number by the image analysis was examined. Images of 99 carcass cross sections with BMS number were used. The fat area ratio on M. longissimus dorsi (LD), SC and SD was calculated as an image analysis trait. Similarly, means and standard deviations of the area and of the form score for marbling particles classified into 5 levels, and standard deviations of marbling percentages in small areas which were obtained by dividing the ribeye into 4, 9, 25, and 100 partitions were calculated by image analysis. The correlation coefficient among BMS number and the fat area ratio of each muscle were 0.76 (LD), 0.38 (SC) and 0.39 (SD). Percentages of the judgment difference (predicted BMS number-BMS number assigned by grader) within±0 and±1 without consideration of the information from SC and SD muscles were 52.5 and 96.0%, respectively. While, percentages of the judgment difference within±0 and±1 taking into consideration the information from SC and SD muscles were 64.6 and 96.0%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1209K) -
Yoh-Ichi MIYAKE, Katsumi SUGOH, Nobuo TSUNODA, Natsuko NAGAMINE, Yoshi ...2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 311-317
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo promote fertility in the Thoroughbred mares, the levels of peripheral progesterone(P)and 17 β-estradiol(E2) were determined by RIA in the 339 mares. The results obtained showed that of the 339 mares used, some showed high levels of circulating P or some showed low levels of circulating E2 in spite of being in estrous periods in some mares therefore, they were divided into 4 groups. In group I, the 39 mares showed the levels of P>1ng/ml and E2>20pg/ml; in group II, the 29 mares showed the levels of P>1ng/ml and E2_??_20pg/ml; in group III, the 201 mares showed the levels of P_??_1ng/ml and E2>20pg/ml; and in group IV, the 70 mares showed the levels of P_??_1ng/ml and E2_??_20pg/ml, respectively. The diurnal concentrations of P and E2 levels during periovulatory periods were measured in a total of the 14 estrous cycles from the 9 mares with high level of P. Results suggest that the fertility of the mares with high levels of circulating P during the estrous period was closely related to the levels of circulating E2 and E2/P ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (507K) -
Hidenori ABE, Masaaki YAMAKAWA, Masahiro OKAMOTO2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 318-322
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestion trial using wethers was conducted with 6 samples of grasses, 4 samples of legumes with or without ammoniation. The relation between improvement of dry matter digestibility (DMD) with ammoniation and increment of total nitrogen (T-N), decrease of hemicellulose (HC) with ammoniation or various lignin contents of original (nonammoniated) forages was investigated. T-N was increased and HC was solubilized with ammoniation in both forages. Acid detergent lignin contents of original grasses were lower, and acid detergent soluble lignin (ADSL) were remarkably higher than those of original legumes. Ammoniation improved DMD of every grasses, but it didn't improve DMD of any legumes nevertheless increase of T-N and solubilization of HC. In grasses, however, no positive correlations were shown between increment of DMD and increment of T-N, decrease of HC with ammoniation. On the otherhand, significantly positive correlation was shown between increment of DMD and ADSL contents of original grasses, and more highly positive correlation was shown in grasses mixed with legumes. Moreover, isolation of acid detergent fiber (ADF) from rice straw, and ammoniation of this ADF not containing ADSL were carried out. In vitro dry matter digesbility of ADF was not increased, while that of ADF which was isolated from ammoniated rice straw was significantly higher than those of the former two. The lignin digestibilities of rice straw were measured, and only ADSL digestibility was improved with ammoniation. From the above results, it was indicated that as ADSL contents of forages increased, degree of improvement of DMD with ammoniation became higher.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Hiraku SASAKI, Ken-ichi HORIGUCHI, Toshiyoshi TAKAHASHI2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 323-330
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the long chain fatty acids of dietary particles in the rumen in response to the dietary ratios of concentrate (C) and roughage (R). Three sheep fitted with rumen fistula were used to examine the changes of total fatty acids and free fatty acids in the rumen. The diets were divided into 8:2, 4:6 and 0:10 ratios(C:R). Sheep were fed these three diets once a day. The amount of rations was 2% body weight as dry matter basis. The diets of concentrate and roughage were differently incubated with nylon bags in the rumen of sheep fed 8:2 and 4:6 diets, and roughage was incubated with nylon bags in the rumen of sheep fed only roughage. The incubation times were 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48h. The residue by incubation were determined for ruminal degradation characteristics, and separated into total fatty acid and free fatty acid. Each fatty acid was determined by gas chromatography. Soluble fraction and insoluble but degradable fraction of ruminal degradation characteristics were high in 8:2 and 4:6 (C:R) diets (P<0.05). The ratio of free fatty acids to total fatty acids increased with the increase of roughage. The total fatty acids and free fatty acids compositions, oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid increased with the increase of concentrate (P<0.01), and stearic acid (C18:0) increased with the increase of roughage (P<0.01). For the composition of free fatty acids in 4:6 and 0:10 (C:R) diets, few unsaturated fatty acids of carbon 18 were detected in the residue of 48h incubation. Results were assumed that microbial hydrolysis of dietary lipid was accelerated with high ratios of roughage, and that biohydrogenation of free unsaturated fatty acid was accelerated with 4:6 and 0:10 (C:R) diets. High ratio of concentrate might cause accumulation of C18:1 in dietary particle in the rumen.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Tomoyuki SUZUKI, Jun PAN, Kenichi IZUMI, Yasuko UEDA, Kouichirou UEDA, ...2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 331-337
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between comminution of ruminal feed particles during rumination cycle and fiber fermentation was evaluated using three steers fistulated at esophagus fed orchardgrass hay (OG) and alfalfa hay (ALF) once daily. The particle size distribution (LP; >5600, MP; 5600-1180, SP; 1180-300, FP; 300-47, μm) was determined for bolus collected from esophagus fistula during each rumination cycle. Bolus were incubated in the reticulo-rumen of sheep for 12, 24 and 48h using nylon bag technique. Comminuted large particles (LP+MP; retained on a 1.18 mm screen) and number of chews during one rumination cycle were not differ between OG and ALF (1.6vs. 2.0g and 60.8vs. 63.4, respectively). The proportion of comminuted large particle and specific fragility (comminuted large particle/chews/large particle retained in the mouth before chewing) for OG tended to be greater than for ALF (87.5vs. 61.6% and 14.8 vs. 9.8, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance rate at 48h incubation was higher for bolus after chewing than those before chewing in both OG (49.4vs. 46.5%) and ALF (25.2vs. 8.1%). The facilitation of fiber fermentation by chewing during rumination was affected by forage species or the comminution pattern of large particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Mari ODASHIMA, Hajime OTANI2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 338-346
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytotoxic properties of Japanese quail ovotransferrin were estimated by trypan blue exclusion. The ovotransferrin revealed a cytotoxicity toward C3H/HeN mouse T-lymphocytes, mouse B-lymphocytes and Jurkat Clone E6-1 cells (a human cell line derived from acute leukemia T-lymphocyte), while it was inert to C3H/HeN mouse plastic-adherent cells and Japanese quail spleen cells. DNA fragmentation was observed on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and agarose gel electrophoresis when mouse spleen lymphocytes were cultured with quail ovotransferrin for 12h. On the other hand, the cytotoxic activity of ovotransferrin diminished completely when the protein was treated with PNGase F or pepsin, whereas a strong cytotoxic activity remained after tryptic digestion of iron-saturated quail ovotransferrin. A cytotoxic glycoprotein having molecular weights of 39, 000 was obtained from the trypsin digest. These results indicate that Japanese quail ovotransferrin may induce apoptosis to mouse spleen T-and B-lymphocytes and Jurkat cells, but not to quail spleen lymphocytes and mouse monocytes/macrophages. Moreover, these results suggest that the cytotoxic activity is attributable to C-lobe in quail ovotransferrin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1867K) -
Ryoya NIKI, Hidemasa MOTOSHIMA, Fuji TSUKASAKI, Toshiaki Ito2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 347-354
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of urea on the viscoelastic properties and the microstructure of glucono-δ-lactone-induced milk gel. The concentration of urea used in this study (0-0.5M) was much lower than that usually employed when urea was used as a protein denaturant. The changes in storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G") and loss tangent (tanδ) of casein micelle suspensions were measured using a rheological apparatus after addition of an acidulant, glucono-δ-lactone. The rate of gelation (GR) and the maximum storage modulus (G' max) decreased with increasing concentrations of urea. The tanδ showed a peak at about the gelation time, then it decreased and reached a constant value (0.28), which was the same in the absence and in the presence of urea. All scanning electron micrographs of gels which were taken under low magnification (×2K) showed the presence of a three-dimensional network comprised of casein particles. However, the size of the pores in the network seemed to become large with increasing concentrations of urea. Under high magnification (×10K), we found that the casein micelles retained their integrity, shape and dimensions in the gel network both in the absence and in the presence of urea. The influence of temperature on gelation was investigated in the presence of urea. The temperature-dependence of the GR and G' max of the gel formed changed in the presence of urea (0.25M), that is, the values decreased especially above 20°C under which conditions hydrophobic interactions are assumed to act effectively to promote the formation of the casein micelle gel. These findings suggest that hydrophobic interactions play a very important role as a driving force in the acid-induced gelation of casein micelles, especially at gelation temperatures above 20°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1386K) -
Jing Yu WANG, Toshio ITO2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 355-361
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influences of forced walking exercise by a treadmill apparatus on behavior, heat production (HP) and abdominal fat contents of broilers were investigated. Two groups, each of 4 broilers were done: a control group and a forced walking group (exercised group). The broilers in the exercise group were forced to walk for 5 min each, twice a day, starting from the age of 21 days. The walking speed was 6.8-17.6m/min according to age. The final body weight and feed intake of the exercised group was 94% and 93% of that of the control. The exercised broilers drank more water than the control broilers. No significant difference in eating time was observed between the two groups (134 and 141 min). In case of standing time, the control broilers stood longer period (314 min) than the exercised broilers (242 min). The activity counts per day of the control group measured by using Actigraph of the exercised group was 79%. The HP of the exercised group was slightly higher than the control group during the light period, but 17% lower during the dark period and a little lower during the whole day period. The abdominal fat contents (g/100g body weight) in the exercised group (1.6) was 73% of that of the control group (2.2). These results suggest that the effects of forced walking (about 70-180m per day) may improve the feed conversion rate and reduce the abdominal fat contents of broilers while taking appropriate rest during the dark.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
Eiji TAKAHASHI, Chieko FURUKAWA, Akemi YAMAMOTO, Kiyoshi OKADA, Mitsuh ...2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 362-369
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal changes of bacterial flora (February, July, August and October) in activated sludge system with filter membrane for swine wastewater were investigated. After treating the system, the levels of aerobes, coliform and anaerobes in the wastewater decreased as well as other bacteria tested in this study. The level of coliform in the wastewater after treating the system was low enough to satisfy the wastewater quality standard (3, 000 CFU/ml) at all seasons. Dominant microbes in animal feces such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were detected at high levels in July and October. The levels of these fecal bacteria were below 103 CFU/ml after treating the system. There was almost no change in the level of Bacillus at all seasons but seasonal change of the number of Clostridium was seen and the level of the microbe in August was below 102 CFU/ml. Moraxella was found to be the most dominant in this system as aerobic microorganism. Clostridium existed in large numbers in this system as anaerobes in February and July, while Corynebacterium was isolated dominantly in August and October in the system.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Koichi KAKU2000 Volume 71 Issue 9 Pages 370-380
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe domestic fresh broiler leg meat futures contracts on Kanmon Commodity Exchange and the domestic M size shell egg futures contracts on Chubu Commodity Exchange have been traded since 1999 in Japan. The Japanese broiler futures trading has physical delivery system but the Japanese egg futures trading is cash settled. The main findings are four things: (1) Trading volumes of 4 commodities (red beans, raw sugar, raw silk, dry cocoon) had decreased on Japanese agricultural futures markets, but those of 2 commodities (imported American soy beans, imported American corn) had increased since 1987 to 1997. (2) The average coefficients of variation on 8 near future and 2 cash prices of 10 agricultural products per year (1992-1998) were 8.95%/year (Yokohama raw silk), 10.12%/year (Tokyo raw sugar), 20.51%/year (Maebashi dry cocoon), 13.63%/year (Tokyo red beans), 9.61%/year (Tokyo soy beans), 10.76%/year (Tokyo corn), 8.30%/year (Tokyo arabica coffee), 4.74%/year (Tokyo robusta coffee), 9.14%/year (Domestic fresh broiler leg meat), 15.85%/year (Domestic M size shell egg). (3) The average total amount of wholesale prices on 9 agricultural products listed to Japanese cash markets per year (1992-1997) were ¥27.4 billion (domestic raw silk), ¥55.7 billion (imported raw sugar), ¥12.2 billlion (domestic dry cocoon), ¥25.7 billion (Hokkaido red beans), ¥128.4 billion (imported soybeans from U. S.), ¥237.3 billion (imported corn from U. S. for feed & other purpose), ¥105.9 billion (imported coffee beans), ¥185.0 billion (domestic broiler leg meat), ¥154.0 billion (domestic M size shell egg). (4) With the multiple regression analysis, the estimated volumes of trading per day would be 31, 000 contracts on broiler futures market and 33, 000 contracts on egg futures markets (P<0.05). The average volumes of trading per day during 100 days since the first day of trading were 20, 476 contracts/day on broiler and 5, 446 contracts/day on egg.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K)
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