巻号一覧
72 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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Takashi NUMABE, Toshinori OIKAWA, Takeshi KIKUCHI, Toshitaka HORIUCHI2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 185-188
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーA comparison was made between the beef carcasses of Japanese Black bull progeny produced by either artificial insemination (AI) or the in vitro fertilization technique (IVP). The calves produced by AI were raised following a field progeny test procedure in Japanese Black bulls, and the embryos produced by IVP were transferred to Holstein cows for the production of progeny. The progeny performance test was performed on two bulls. For bull A, 19 calves (AI: 10 calves, IVP: 9 calves) and for bull B, 20 calves (AI: 9 calves, IVP: 11 calves) were used. Analysis of variance was performed using the two breeding techniques and the bull×breeding technique interaction as the source of variance in order to evaluate the factors that affect dressed carcass performance. Significant differences (P⟨0.05) in carcass weight and marbling were observed between the bulls, which are the primary factors affecting bull performance. No interaction was found regarding these two traits, rib eye and rib thickness between bulls and breeding techniques. These results suggest the possibility of a meat-production performance test using a group of siblings, half of which have been produced by IVP.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (344K) -
Antonio J. BARROGA, Rajeev PRADHAN, Hisaya TOBIOKA2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 189-197
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThis study investigated the feed intake, and energy and nitrogen partition of growing lambs fed on diet with fish silage (FS) as a major protein supplement. The FS was compared with the conventional protein feeds like fish meal (FM) and urea (UR). Six castrated and 6 female Suffolk lambs were divided into three groups and fed on Italian ryegrass silage (IRS) as basal ration at 70% on dry matter (DM) basis. The protein based concentrate mixture of FS, FM or UR was supplemented to one of the three groups at 30% DM. The DM intake of animals was not affected by FS diet and was comparable with the other diets. Likewise, the organic matter intake and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) of the animals were unaffected by the varying protein supplements. The nitrogen retention of FS group was 37% higher than that of the UR group, however, the FM group was significantly higher than the UR group (P⟨0.05). The retained energy of FS group with 116.6kJ/kg W0.75/d tended to decline compared to the other groups. The methane energy and methane production of the FS group which were 79.1kJ/kgW0.75/d and 55.6 L/kg DOMI, respectively, had a lower tendency while the heat production with 13.2MJ/kg DOMI tended to increase compared to the other treatments. The respiratory quotient of the FS group with 1.09 tended to be lower than the other groups. These results suggest the potential of fish silage as a major protein supplement but further investigation is needed to upgrade the palatability and nutritional value.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (744K) -
Koichiro UEDA, Toshiyoshi ICHINOHE, Tadashi TAMURA, Masahiko OKUBO, Ya ...2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 198-208
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThree sheep fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula fed hays of early cut (EOG), late cut orchardgrass (LOG) and alfalfa (ALF) were used to identify the size reduction, passage and fiber fermentation of ruminal particles and their relation to fiber digestibility in the rumen. The sample of ingested bolus and ruminal and duodenal digesta were obtained and were fractionated by size using wet sieving (large particles (LP): ⟩5.6mm; medium particles (MP):⟨5.6, ⟩1.18mm; small particles (SP): ⟨1.18, ⟩0.3mm; fine particles (FP): ⟨0.3, ⟩0.047mm). The ruminal digestibility of cellulose was highest for EOG and was higher for LOG than ALF. The cellulose concentration in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased, and the acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentration of ruminal particles increased with size reduction. The rate of size reduction of LP did not significantly differ among hays. The passage rate of particles from the rumen increased with reducing particle size. The rate of passage of SP was smaller for EOG than ALF or LOG, and that of FP was highest for ALF. The slowly digestible fraction tended to become smaller with reducing particle size. The rate of disappearance was higher for MP for EOG and LOG, however, was extremely higher for LP and FP for ALF. It was concluded that the ruminal fiber digestibility was associated with the extent of fiber fermentation occurring with particle size reduction and the difference in passage rate by particle size.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (923K) -
Jun PAN, Tomoyuki SUZUKI, Koichiro UEDA, Keiichi TANAKA, Masahiko OKUB ...2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 209-217
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThree ruminally cannulated wethers fed orchardgrass hay once daily were used to investigate the diurnal changes in carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities associated with strained rumen solid, large particles (LP⟩2, 390μm), and small particles (SP, 2, 390μm⟩, but⟩ 150μm). Biomass of particle-associated bacteria (PAB) much exceeded (×23-57) that of particleassociated protozoa (PAP). The biomass was relatively stable throughout a day, but the highest mass was recorded at 2h after feeding. Both the total and specific activities of CMCase and xylanase from the strained solid, LP, and SP decreased until 6h (P⟨0.05), and then recovered to the level at 0h. SP tended to have a higher specific activity of CMCase than LP with significance (P⟨0.05) at 2h. No significant difference was observed in total activities of CMCase and xylanase between LP and SP, except a higher total activity of xylanase at 0h in LP (P⟨0.05). More PAB was separable at 0h from strained solid and LP than other sampling times. The PAP mass was higher in LP than in SP at 2h and 6h after feeding (P⟨0.05). Neutral detergent fiber disappearance of feed particles collected from the rumen at various time points was determined by in situ incubation for 120h and showed that LP taken at any time points is more digestible than SP, though the difference tended to decline at late stage after feeding. From these results, it is suggested that rumen microbes, in particular bacteria, play a main role in plant fiber degradation via attachment and enzyme production, which extents vary with fiber size and age in the rumen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (751K) -
Eisaku TSUNEISHI, Nobuya SHIBA, Masatoshi MATSUZAKI2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 218-222
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe relationship between desaturation of fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) accumulation in ruminants body fat was examined. Ten castrated goats were assigned to one of two treatments, maintenance group and full-feed group. After a 90 day feeding trial, subcutaneous fat, perinephric fat, Musculus longissimus thoracis, digesta in rumen and abomasum, Medulla ossium flava in left Ossa metatarsalia, Ossa cruris and Femur were obtained. The unsaturated fatty acid and CLA concentration in subcutaneous fat were significantly higher compared to the perinephric fat, and the values of the full-feed group were higher than those of the maintenance group. The CLA and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations in Medulla ossium flava were the highest in Ossa metatarsalia located on body surface followed by Ossa cruris and Femur. CLA concentration in digesta was low, thus the absorption of CLA from digestive tract was not the only important route for CLA supply to ruminant body fat. A high positive correlation between C17: 1/C17: 0 and CLA/t11-C18:1 was recognized in adipose tissues and Medulla ossium flava. The results agreed with the hypothesis that a greater part of CLA in ruminant adipose tissues was biosynthesized. First, the poly-unsaturated fatty acid in feedstuff is changed into t11-C18:1 by rumen biohydrogenation and then t11-C18:1 is absorbed from digestive tract and accumulated in the adipose tissues before converting into CLA by desaturation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (399K) -
Shinobu FUJIMURA, Fumiaki SAKAI, Motoni KADOWAKI2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 223-229
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーIn order to examine the usefulness of restricted feeding often employed in chicken productions, effects of short-term restricted feeding on taste components of broiler meat, i. e., free amino acids and ATP metabolites, were studied using 49-day-old female Cobb strain broilers. In experiment 1, chickens were fed an experimental diet ad libitum (control), or the 50% or 25% amount of the control group (restricted feeding) for 10 days. Free amino acids and ATP metabolites of the breast meat extract were determined. In experiment 2, the time course of changes in free glutamic acid (Glu) and ATP metabolites by restricted feeding (50% of control) period was studied for 14 days. In experiment 3, in order to see the correlation between the chemical composition and the meat taste, the sensory evaluation of meat extract and meat were conducted. As a result, of all free amino acids in the meat extract, only Glu and arginine were significantly lower in the restricted groups than in the control group. Glu decreased gradually with time by restricted feeding down to 64.0% significantly on day 10. 5'-inosinic acid (IMP) in the meat extract was increased 12.8% on day 2, and remained constant thereafter. Sensory evaluation indicated that the taste of meat extract as well as of meat in the restricted group was inferior to that in the control group. All the results suggest that restricted feeding may deteriorate the meat taste of broilers rather than improve it, contrary to a general expectation. Therefore, we should be cautious to use restricted feeding to improve the meat quality of chicken.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (592K) -
Ryo-ichi TANABE, Tetsuya MURAKAMI, Takahiro KAWAHARA, Rinko YAMASHIRO, ...2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 230-237
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーComposition of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in pig muscle was determined to study its effects on meat quality traits. Longissimus muscles of Duroc, Landrace and Meishan pigs were taken after slaughter from both sides of each animal. The muscle of one side was held at 40°C for 3h, followed by a storage at 4°C for 17h (40°C treatment), and one from the other side of the same animal was immediately held at 4°C for 20h (4°C treatment). Small pieces of the muscle were frozen after slaughter for the analysis of MyHC isoform composition by RT-PCR. Composition of the isoforms differed significantly in MyHC-2a, -2x, and-2b, and not in-slow among three breeds. The total percentage of MyHC-2x and -2b was more than 90% in each of three breeds, and the ratio of isoforms 2b/2x increased significantly in the order of Duroc⟩Landrace⟩Meishan. Meat quality analyses showed a higher cooking loss and poorer texture traits in Duroc than that in Landrace and Meishan at the 40°C treatment. On the other hand, no difference was found in quality traits at the 4°C treatment. These results suggested the effects of MyHC composition on the variation of meat texture traits.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1453K) -
Michiru FUKASAWA, Hisashi SHINOHARA, Michiko ITOH, Yutaka TERADA, Mino ...2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 238-244
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe objects of this study were to examine the changes in packed cell volume (PCV) and some plasma components in calves during grazing and to discuss which plasma component primarily relates to anemia development during grazing. Twelve Japanese Black and 3 crossbreed calves were used in this study. The calves were grazed with their dams from May to October, and blood samples were collected several times during the grazing period. PCV, plasma phospholipid (PL), vitamin E, non-esterified fatty acids and immunoglobulin G concentrations were measured. The mean PCV was 38.9% at pre-grazing and decreased to 27.5% after 56 days from the start of grazing. Anti-theileria orientalis sergenti antibody was detected positively in blood samples from all calves at 56 days after the start of grazing. The pattern of changes with elapse of grazing period in PL resembled that in PCV. Among the plasma components, PL had the strongest correlation with PCV, especially when PCV decreased. The difference in phospholipid synthesis is thought to relate with sensitivity to anemia development.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (517K) -
Tomomitsu SEWAKI, Toshihisa HIRAI, Susumu SASAKI, Taku MIYAMOTO2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 245-252
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe plasmid DNAs profiles in 88 strains of Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus were investigated. The presence of plasmids in cocci was demonstrated in 9 of 14 Lactococcus strains, 5 of 7 Enterococcus strains, 8 of 10 Leuconostoc strains and 3 of 6 Pediococcus strains, and the number of the distinct plasmid in their strains varied from 2 to 6. However, 3 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus strains were confirmed to be plasmid-free. On the other hand, 13 of 47 investigated strains of Lactobacillus contained plasmid DNAs. The plasmid DNAs in Lactobacillus casei group strains were the common component, however, those in the Lactobacillus acidophilus group strains were observed only in 3 out of 33 strains. The profiles of plasmid DNAs in lactic acid bacteria were diverse and characteristic patterns in each genus were observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2038K) -
Shaila WADUD, Ryoji ONODERA, Mamun M. OR-RASHID2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 253-256
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーThe present experiments were conducted to examine if histidinol dehydrogenase (HLDase) activity could be detected in the liver and kidney of cattle, in order to assess the possibility that cattle synthesize histidinc (His) de novo. Crude enzyme solutions of liver and kidney from Japanese black cattle showed HLDase activities with pH optima of 11.0 and 9.0, respectively. This is the first report of HLDase activity in animal tissues. The amount of His produced from histidinol (HDL) by the enzymes of the liver and kidney were calculated to be sufficient for meeting the His requirement of the cattle, based on the crude protein requirement for the animals and His content in muscle protein. In contrast, HLDase activities in swine liver and kidney proved to be insufficient to form sufficient His from HDL to meet their requirement as indicated in the Japanese Feeding Standard for Swine (1998).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
Xiang-Jun SHEN2001 年 72 巻 3 号 p. 257-259
発行日: 2001/05/25
公開日: 2008/03/10
ジャーナル フリーIn order to reveal the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene conformation of the Silky fowl, I designed 11 primers and sequenced the entire ND5 gene nucleotide sequences in the Black and White lines of Silky fowl, and compared it with that of White Leghorn chicken. The same nucleotide sequences were observed at ND5 gene region in the Black and White lines. The Silky fowl ND5 gene was transcribed from the H-strand of mitochondria DNA, consisted of 1, 818 by nucleotides (564A, 636C, 194G, and 424T) with no deletion and insertion, and encoded for a 605 amino acid protein. ND5 gene connected ND4 gene via three transfer RNA genes, tRNA (His), tRNA (Ser), and tRNA (Leu), at the 5' end, whereas at the 3' end it connected with a nucleotide sequence ACTA which is adjacent to cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. Homologies of ND5 gene nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences between the Silky fowl and White Leghorn chicken were 99.7% and 99.3%, respectively. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this article will appear in the EMBL, GenBank, and DDBJ nucleotide sequence data base under the accession number AF142407.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (244K)
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