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Volume 72, Issue 9
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Emiko FUKUI, Masaaki KOGANEZAWA, Midori YOSHIZAWA, Susumu MURAMATSU2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 295-302
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study demonstrated loci coding for certain serum proteins and red blood cell enzymes in Japanese sika deer and compared the results quantitatively. Blood samples of 247 Japanese sika deer were collected from three populations, Oku-Nikko, Omote-Nikko and Ashio in Nikko National Park between January and March of every year from 1996 to 1999. Acid phosphatase (ACP), 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), Group specific component (GC), Hemoglobin (HB), Post-transferrin (PTF) and Transferrin (TRF) were analyzed by electrophoresis. Three electrophoretic methods were used for analyzing these six loci; starch gel electrophoresis (SAGE) for ACP and PGD, horizontal alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for PTF and TRF, and isoelectric focusing (IEF) for HB and GC. Each standard band pattern for the six loci was determined, with genetic variations observed in four of six loci, not including ACP and PGD. The number of alleles of GC, HB and PTF was 3, 2 and 3, respectively. The three populations differed in the alleles frequency of these. Average heterozygosity was estimated to be Oku-Nikko (0.1273), Omote-Nikko (0.1239), Ashio (0.0924) in descending order of height. The genetic distances between Omote-Nikko and Oku-Nikko, between Omote-Nikko and Ashio, and between Oku-Nikko and Ashio were 0.00104, 0.00028 and 0.0036, respectively. The homology between Ashio and Omote-Nikko populations was the highest among three populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1286K) -
Takayoshi KAWAHARA, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI, Tadashi ATSUMI, Kouichi HAGIYA, ...2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 303-312
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives of this study were to correct the type records of the Japanese Holstein population by the estimated phenotypic standard deviation within herd-round-parity-classifier (HRPC) subclass and to investigate the impact of heterogeneous phenotypic variance on breeding values of those type traits. Type records used were from April 1984 to March 1998 by classifiers of the Holstein Cattle Association of Japan. The data set consisted of 23 type traits and 584, 377 records for cows born from 1973 to 1996. The phenotypic standard deviations within HRPC subclass were estimated by using a simple Bayesian method proposed by Weigel and Gianola(1993). The mixed model applied to predict the breeding values of type traits was the repeated record animal model (RM) which included herd-round-parity subclass, age and stage of lactation at classification, interactions of parity×stage of lactation and stage of lactation×classifier as fixed effects, while the additive genetic merit for animals, the permanent environment and residuals were treated as random effects. The breeding values predicted by RM were compared to those obtained by using a single trait animal model (SM) which used only type records measured in the first lactation, therefore the effects in the model did not include the permanent environmental effect and the interaction of parity×stage of lactation. Genetic evaluations were run on actual and corrected records. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the influence of classifier and parity effects decreased on some type traits when the correction was done. Correlations of breeding values for each type trait between actual and corrected records estimated by RM ranged from 0.98 to 0.99 for all bulls and cows. Whereas correlations for bulls ranked in the top 10% and cows ranked in the top 1% decreased to a range of 0.76 to 0.97 and 0.51 to 0.85, respectively. Correlations among bulls breeding values estimated by RM and SM increased for type traits without stature, rump angle and foot angle when the correction was performed. Similarly, correlations for cows increased for type traits except for stature and teat length by correction. Therefore, the results of this study suggested the possibility that heterogeneous variance across herds existed in classifiers, round and parity for some type traits.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Toshihiro NADE, Arthur Bob KARNUAH, Yasuhisa MASUDA, Satsuki HIRABARA, ...2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 313-320
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was done to make the equations for estimating the carcass composition using the measurements by computer image analysis (CIA) from the cross-section at ribloin of Japanese Black steers. The 24 carcasses were cut between the 6th and 7th rib bone. The total areas, muscle areas, fat areas, ratios of muscle and fat, and the shapes of M. longissim us and M. trapezius were measured from the area encircled between the line from the thoracic vertebra and the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra, and the area encircled between theline from the thoracic vertebra and the line that links the end of the thoracic vertebra and M. ilocostalis by CIA. The actual weights and ratio of muscle and fat were obtained through physical dissection from the left side of the carcass. The muscle weight was estimated for the equation from the rib eye area, muscle % to total area and carcass weight (R2=94.8%). And then the equation from the rib eye area, fat % to the total area and the carcass weight also highly related to muscle weight (R2=94.7%). The muscle % of the carcass weight, the fat weight and the fat % of the carcass weight was estimated with the equation from the rib eye area, fat % to total area and the carcass weight (R2=93.9%, 98.2% and 93.1% respectively). The estimated values from the area encircled between the line from the thoracic vertebra and the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra were higher than those from the area encircled between the line from the thoracic vertebra and the line that links the end of the thoracic vertebra and M. ilocostalis. The rib eye area, fat % to total area at the limited area on the carcass cross-section and carcass weight were important items to estimate the carcass composition.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
Keigo KUCHIDA, Mio HASEGAWA, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI, Shunzo MIYOSHI2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 321-328
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCorresponding: Keigo KUCHIDA (fax:+81 (0) 155-49-5414, e-mail: kuchida@obihiro.ac.jp) The photographing equipment integrating the digital camera and the illumination device for the cross section of carcass was able to take a clear image. The first aim of this study was to improve the photographing equipment in order to adapt for more carcasses. The second aim was to predict the Beef Color Standard (BCS) number by using the obtained image from the equipment. Height of the photographing equipment was 12cm lower (H=33cm) than the previous model with the adaptation of a ring illumination method instead of a coaxial epi-illumination method. The photographing equipment has 1, 002 white LEDs (light emitting diodes) internally, which can irradiate a steady light to the cross-section of carcass uniformly. The correlation coefficients of R, G, B components and luminance from image with BCS number of the standard model of BCS were -0.98, -0.91, -0.82, and -0.99, respectively. These results indicated that the relationship between luminance and BCS number of standard model was highly linear. Images around the rib eye at 6th-7th rib cross-section were collected (n=1, 208) at a meat processing plant in Hokkaido. BCS number assigned by grader was predicted by multiple regression analysis using image analysis traits. Ratios of the difference between BCS number assigned by grader and BCS number predicted by image analysis being±0 and within ±1 were 76.8% and 100.0%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (2068K) -
Satomi GUNJI, Seizo HAMANO2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 329-336
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) on the capacitation and penetration into in vitro matured oocytes in frozen-thawed spermatozoa from three Japanese Black bulls, and on the following development to the blastocyst stage was studied. Bracken and Oliphant medium with 10μg/ml heparin and 3mg/ml bovine serum albumin was employed as a medium for in vitro capacitation and fertilization. After washing, spermatozoa were suspended in BO including 0, 10, 25 and 50μMβ-ME, and then were cultured with in vitro matured oocytes. The rate of oocytes with enlarged sperm head or male and female pronuclei in the groups with β-ME 8 hours after insemination were 66, 30 and 28% in Bull A, B and C, respectively. These values were significantly higher than these in groups without β-ME (P<0.05). The time-related increase of the rate of sperm penetration was quite different in each bull. The development rate of oocytes that were inseminated in a medium with β-ME in Bull A (10μMβ-ME=58.6 vs OμMβ-ME=26.0%) and Bull B (25μ Mβ-ME=21.4 vsOμMβ-ME 83%) 6 to 8 days after co-incubation with a single layer of cumulus cells was significantly different, while there was no significant difference in Bull C (25μMβ-ME=11.8 vs OμMβ-ME=10.0%) at the P<0.05 level.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Kiyotaka SASAKI, Takaichiro KAWAI, Junichi MAEDA2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 337-342
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of the blood ammonia level and feeding management on the superovulatory response of Japanese black donor cows. The transferable embryo recovery in donors which had a blood ammonia level of 31-40μg/dl was better than in those which had other levels. Donors were divided into three feeding groups given A feed [high degradable intake protein (DIP) and low non fibrous carbohydrate (NFC)], B feed [low DIP and low NFC] and C feed [low DIP and high NFC]. Transferable embryo recovery in donors in the C feed group was higher than in the A feed group (P<0.05) and the ratio of donors to transferable embryos recovered in the C feed group was higher than in the A feed group (P<0.05). On the basis of the results given above, the number of transferable embryos recovered from donors given C feed was 12.4±8.3 (Mean±SD) and the percentage was 96.0% (24/25).View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Tomoyuki SUZUKI, Jun PAN, Koichirou UEDA, Keiichi TANAKA, Masahiko OKU ...2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 343-350
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChange of particle comminution during one rumination cycle with time after feeding was determined from two esophageal-fistulated steers fed orchardgrass hay (OG) and alfalfa hay (ALF). Regurgitated bolus ('Up' bolus), swallowed bolus after regurgitated ('Tail' bolus) and chewed and swallowed bolus ('Down' bolus) during rumination cycle were collected from fistula at different period after feeding (Early, 6-12h; Mid, 12-18h; Late period, 18-24h after feeding). Dry matter weight and particle size distribution (LP, >5600; MP, 5600-1180; SP, 1180-300; FP, 300-47μm) of each bolus were measured. Proportion of large particle (LP+MP) in regurgitated bolus was lower at late period than at early period for both feeds. Therefore, the large particle proportion of 'Tail' bolus, retained bolus in the mouth ('Retained' bolus) and 'Down' bolus tended to decrease with time after feeding. Effectiveness of large particle comminution during one rumination cycle (Comminuted LPg/LPg in 'Retained' bolus×100) was higher at late period than at early period, for both feeds. Effectiveness of large particle comminution was higher for OG than ALF at mid and late periods, whereas dry matter weight of comminuted large particle was not different between feeds. Increasing rate of SP fraction during rumination cycle was lower at late period than at early period, whereas increasing rate of FP fraction was higher at late period than at early period for both feeds. Increasing rate of SP fraction tended to be higher for ALF than OG. It is suggested that regurgitated large particle is weakened by microbial fermentation so that effectiveness of large particle comminution is increased. And then the comminuted particles are into smaller size fractions with time after feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Teruaki KOGA, Tomoyoshi SAITO, Miyao YOSHIDA, Shigenobu ISHIZAKI, Syo- ...2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 351-358
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLevels of rolled maize, soybean meal and wheat bran in early lactating dairy cows diets were partially replaced by tofu cake, brewers grain and full-fat rice bran, and their effects were studied. Sixty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in an experiment in a randomized block design to investigate the effects of the diets on ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, plasma composition and milk production. Three diets LB (low), MB (medium) and HB (high) were prepared using different levels of by-products. The cows were divided into three groups, A (n=24), B (22) and C (22), and each group was fed one of three treatment diets as total mixed rations for 15 weeks after calving. Results showed that the by-products level did not affect the dry matter intake of cows. Increasing by-products level in diet increased gross energy content but decreased total tract apparent energy digestibility of the diet. Therefore, by-products level did not affect the digestible energy intake. Milk yield was lower (P<0.05) for HB than LB diet (36.6 vs 40.8kg/d). Milk fat % was higher (P<0.05) for HB or MB than LB diet. However, production of 4% fat-corrected milk tended (P<0.10) to be higher for LB than HB diet (38.0 vs 35.5kg/d). These results suggested that replacement of rolled maize, soybean meal and wheat bran with tofu cake, brewers grain and full-fat rice bran should be kept less than 10% of the total diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K) -
Katsumi SAITO, Masami NOMURA2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 359-370
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to fortify egg yolk with a.1inolenic acid (C18: 3ω3) using perilla seeds. Perilla seed is arich source of α-linolenic acid. Diets containing different levels of perilla seeds were formulated and given to 30-wk-old laying hens over a period of 6wk. α-Linolenic acid contents of the egg yolk were 0.18, 0.66, 1.30, 1.71 and 2.10mg/100mg egg yolk in the diets containing perilla seeds at the levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%, respectively. Quadratic regression between contents of α-linolenic acid in the diets and in the egg yolk was significant. C18: 2ω6 and C20:5ω3 contents in the egg yolk also increased by perilla seed feeding. However, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:3ω6 and C20:4ω6 contents decreased by the treatment. Feed consumption, egg production rate and egg weight were not influenced. During 4wk storage, total fatty acids, saturated fatty acid and ω6 fatty acid contents in the egg yolk decreased, but there was no significant decrease in ω3 fatty acid. In conclusion, the present study indicates that up to 5% from 2.5% perilla seed could be included in the commercial layer diet to produce eggs of high α-linolenic acid content.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
Mizuhou DOI, Masatoshi IZUMIMOTO2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 371-377
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSFV (shear force value) measurement device by the computer control was developed in our laboratory and the SFV profile characteristics of the meat containing 2% salt were analyzed. The opposite phenomena due to heating, firmness of muscle fiber and weakening of connective tissue, progressed at the same time. A SFV profile of raw meat showed simple parabola-shaped increase and maximum value appeared on end of the stroke. SFV maximum shifted to center side of the stroke by heating. Increasing of SFV at center of the stroke by heating, SFV50, corresponded to the development of firmness of the muscle fiber. Conversely, decreasing of SFV at end of the stroke, SFV100, corresponded to the weakening of the connective tissue. These opposite phenomena, firmness and weakening due to heating, were shown quantitatively by the regularity of three parameters temperature-time-SFV. SFV50 and SFV100 could be used as an index of chewing resistance and cutting resistance, respectively. A good texture of cooked meat was obtained in the pasteurization heating condition. Positive correlation was found in SFV50 with both cooking loss and lightness. A SFV profile was useful to analyze texture as human sensitivity in real time.View full abstractDownload PDF (2093K) -
Takuji HIRAYAMA, Naokazu ASATO, Kazuo KATOH, Minoru OHTA2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 378-382
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was undertaken to determine the effect of ventilation (50m/min) on the rectal and rumen temperature, rumen VFA concentration, contract of rumen and passage rate of feeds through the digestive tract of goats exposed to heat (33°C, 80%). Goats initially housed in thermoneutral environment (20°C, 80%) were fed once daily with equal amounts of alfalfa hay cube in both environments. Rectal temperture was higher in the heat exposed than in the heat exposed with ventilation and thermoneutral environment (P<0.05). The digestibilities of crude protein were higher in the heat exposed and with ventilation (P<0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen tended to increase in the heat exposed and with ventilation (P<0.45). Also, the passage rate of feeds through the digestive tract of goats tended to decrease. The amplitude of contract in internal pressure of the rumen were higher in the heat exposed and with ventilation (P<0.05).View full abstractDownload PDF (437K) -
Takuji HIRAYAMA, Minoru OHTA2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 383-386
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA radio capsule was developed that spacing osillation varies in proportion to the pressure changes. Evaluation of the radio capsule method for measurement of rumen internal pressure was studied in a fistulated goat with fistular rumen internal pressure measuring device. The fistulated goat initially housed in thermaneutral environment (20°C, 80%) was fed alfalfa hay cube at once daily. Amplitude and frequency of contract of the rumen were no difference for eating, ruminating and repose between the radio capsule method and the fistural pressure measuring method. From the result, it is suggested that the radio capsule method was effective for measurement of rumen internal pressure without restriction of ruminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K) -
Peishi YAN, Toshio ITO2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 387-391
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this research, the effects of environmental temperature (Te) on the characteristic of thermoregulatory behavior of miniature pigs were studied from the change of different behaviour such as resting posture, huddling, physical contact, scattering, surface temperature, and exposure surface area. Miniature pigs were exposed to Te of 10, 20, 26, 32 and 37° daily for 7 hours. At 20°, the time of huddling was 47min/h.The lateral lying increased from 26° and the mean time was 40min/h at 32° and 37°. At 32°, the mean time was 25min/h for both of physical contact and scattering. At 37°, the mean time of physical contact and scattering was 9 and 41min/h, respectively. At 10°, the standing time was 46min/h and the activity increased. The changing rates of the mean surface temperature and the maximum surface temperature was 0.56 and 0.28 (°/°) respectively with the rise in Te of 1°. In the lower Te, the portion difference of the surface temperature was large, and the pigs warmed their limbs and lessened heat dissipating area further by sternum lying and huddling behaviour. At 37°, the allowance degree of physical contact time of each pig became Lower, and the increase of scattering time might be due to the increase of heat dissipating area.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
En-Su NA, Ho KANG, Chang-Suk JIN2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 392-399
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was performed to investigate the characteristics and performance of model Decanter for separating swine wastewater to solid and liquid which is slurry state with 12.6% total solid (TS). Swine wastewater of the slurry tank was pumped into model Decanter which capacity was 2m3/h in 12.6% TS. Slurry inside of bowl was separated to solid-liquid by centrifugal acceleration. Sampling was done in the section of slurry feed pipe, supernatant outflow pipe, cake discharge pipe. After solid-liquid separation TS, chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total kjeklahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP) and slurry volume reduction effect represented 46.8%, 40%, 32%, 62%, 49%, 13.8% respectively. Relation factor of model Decanter operation was slurry concentration, optimum retention time of slurry, overflow velocity of supernatant, supernatant concentration, sludge removal rate etc. Optimal operational conditions can be set and evaluated efficiency based on the experimental results in the case of Decanter adopted for solid-liquid separation in highly concentrated swine wastewater.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K) -
Koichi KAKU2001 Volume 72 Issue 9 Pages 400-408
Published: August 25, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan, the domestic fresh broiler leg meat futures contracts on Kanmon Commodity Exchange and the domestic Msize shell egg futures contracts have been traded on Chubu Commodity Exchange since 1999, but no futures contracts on pork had been traded. If pork were traded on futures market in Japan, pork futures market could be alternatives as pricing market with Japanese central and local wholesales markets. The annual nationwide sales by wholesale prices on the Japanese domestic pork dressed carcass has decreased from 826.19 billion yen to 530.71 billion yen per year and the average annual volume at all central wholesales market in Japan was only 6.1-7.7% of the total domestic production (1989-1998). Average coefficient of variation per year and annual sales by wholesale price per year on Japanese domestic pork dressed carcass and cut meats during the period of 1995-1999 were 1.57%/year and ¥155.4 billion/year (A grade dressed carcass at Tokyo Central Market), 11.81, %/year and ¥295.5 billion/year (Side set of Cut meat), 10.39 %/year and ¥49.8 billion/year(Fore shank of Cut meat), 9.58%/year and ¥35.5 billion (Boston butt of Cut meat), 11.12%/year and ¥87.9 billion (Loin of Cut meat), 11.99%/year and ¥13.6 billion/year (Fillet of Cut meat), 6.43%/year and ¥53.2 billion/year (Belly of Cut meat), 10.70%/year and ¥73.3 billion/year (Ham of Cut meat). Average annual sales on Japanese domestic pork cut meat and distribution which included domestic and imported cut meat during the period of 1995-1999 was ¥608.8 billion and ¥967.4 billion. With the multiple regression analysis, the estimated volumes of trading per day would be 10, 227 contracts on A grade dressed carcass at Tokyo Central Market, 52, 027 contracts on Side set of Cut meat, 9, 876 contracts on. Fore shank of Cut meat, 6, 490 contracts on Boston butt of Cut meat, 17, 060 contracts on Loin of Cut meat, 5, 973 contracts an Fillet of Cut meat, 5, 407 contracts on Belly of Cut meat, 14, 129 contracts on Ham of Cut meat. Considering Japanese domestic distribution, I propose that side set, loin or combination of Japanese domestic pork cut meats would be suitable as deliverable commodities on the pork futures market.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K)
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