All issues
Volume 77 (2006)
- Issue 4 Pages 471-
- Issue 3 Pages 387-
- Issue 2 Pages 175-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 77, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Original Articles
-
Yutaka HASHIYADA, Akiyuki WATANABE, Masanori TANIGUCHI, Yoichi FUJII, ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 471-478
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCo-transfer of bovine embryos with trophoblastic vesicles (TVs) is a useful method to improve pregnancy rate. However, efficiency of TVs production by recovering the elongating blastocysts derived from superovulation varies depending on the condition of donor cows such as response to hormone treatment. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of TVs production derived from elongating blastocysts which were produced by transfer of in vitro-produced blastocysts (ET) or superovulation-artificial insemination (SOV-AI). On day 14, ET-derived elongating blastocysts were recovered 7 days after transfer of 5-10 and 11-20 blastocysts. On day 17, ET-derived elongating blastocysts were recovered 10 days after transfer of 10 blastocysts. SOV-AI-derived elongating blastocysts were recovered 14 and 17 days after artificial insemination. TVs were generated from culture of trophoblastic fragments, which had been dissected from morphologically normal elongating blastocysts of longer than 3 mm in length. Numbers of recovered elongating blastocysts and TVs were compared among treatments. Numbers of total and intact elongating blastocysts embryos were significantly lower (P<0.05) when elongating blastocysts were recovered on day 14 after transfer of 5-10 blastocysts (2.3 and 0.9) than those from ET of 11-20 (5.7 and 2.3) embryos or SOV-AI (8.3 and 2.7). On day 17, total and intact elongating blastocysts embryos were not different between ET (4.2 and 3.2) and SOV-AI (9.9 and 3.4). The rate of TVs formation and number of TVs from dissected trophoblastic fragments were higher when TVs were produced from elongating blastocysts recovered on day 17 after ET (93.5% and 31.6) than other groups (60.8-88.6% and 2.1-20.1). These results indicate that TVs production can be improved and widened more in a field by the method of embryo transfer of in vitro-produced blastocysts, which have developed to elongating blastocysts in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (1347K) -
Makito TOHYAMA, Shinichiro HIRATA, Koichi KAI, Masakazu TSUNODA, Mikio ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 479-483
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effect of addition of betaine in the media in in-vitro production of bovine blastocysts. Addition of betaine in the media improved the cell number and quality of blastocysts. The effective concentration of betaine was 3mM. However, it was necessary to add 3mM betaine in all culture media through in-vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. The pregnancy rate after embryo transfer was 31.8% in the bovine blastocysts that were produced in the media with added 3mM betaine. The average body weight of calves was 35.4±4.6kg without abortion and stillbirth in these pregnancy. Also no large calves were born from this method. Therefore, addition of betaine in the media in in-vitro production of bovine blastocysts has no detrimental effect on newborn calves. The present study suggested that addition of betaine in the media could improve the rate of incidence and the quality of bovine blastocysts produced in in-vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (759K) -
Yousuke CHOUMEI, Fuminori TERADA, Hiroyuki HIROOKA2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 485-494
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives of this study were to analyze how the nitrogen intake (dry mater intake or dietary crude protein content) affects the nitrogen excretion compare nitrogen excretions in dairy and beef cattle. In addition, an attempt was made to develop general equations for predicting nitrogen excretion in both dairy and beef cattle. The relationships between nitrogen intake and excretion were investigated using experimental data from 95 Holstein cows, 45 Holstein steers and 23 Japanese Black steers and literature values from 33 published papers. The result showed that lactating cows less excreted urinary nitrogen than steers. Fitting by linear equations and exponential equations from pooled data gave positive relationships between nitrogen intake and excretions in feces and urine. Although there was a large difference for nitrogen excretion in urine between lactating cows and steers at the same nitrogen intake level, the difference disappeared when compared at the same nitrogen output level in urine plus milk. The fecal nitrogen excretion was related with dry mater intake rather than nitrogen intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
Kousaku SOUMA, Takayoshi MASUKO, Chihiro SHIMIZU, Kazunori YAMADA, Yim ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 495-500
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, factors, such as the region, growth stage, harvest time and cultivars, affecting water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content and sugar composition of timothy were examined. Maximum differences in WSC content (dry basis) were found at the first and second cutting, 2.67% and 2.37%, respectively in different regions. Though the WSC content was at its peak on June 30 (heading stage), glucose, fructose and sucrose contents were constant. The WSC content continued to increase from 7 : 00 to 17 : 00, and resulted in 3.00% (dry basis) increase. The glucose and fructose contents reached its maximum at 13 : 00. The WSC, glucose and fructose contents in Kunpu (extremely early maturing cultivars) and in Nosappu (early maturing cultivars) at the first cutting and the Nosappu at the second cutting were the highest among the four cultivars, while glucose and fructose contents increased only slightly. The obtained results indicate that the WSC content and sugar composition of timothy vary significantly with in the region, growth stage, harvest time and cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
Kenichiro TAKAHASHI, Keigo KUCHIDA, Takeshi HORI, Michitaka NAMI, Hito ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 501-507
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a mirror-type photography equipment to produce extensive and clear cross-sectional images of carcass at the 6th and 7th rib. We also proposed a new indicator for marbling coarseness and compared the marbling features among popular Japanese beef breeds. The mirror-type photography equipment consisted of a digital camera, a film mirror and two white LED line lightings. The geometry of the equipment was wedge-shaped, so that the digital image of the carcass cross section could be obtained in the narrow dissection space. Rib eye images of 58 Japanese Black (JB), 42 Japanese Brown (JBR), 48 Holstein (HOL), 43 JB×JBR (BBR) and 60 JB×HOL (JBH) were analyzed. Twelve meat quality traits (rib-eye area, marbling area percentage and overall coarseness, etc.) were calculated by image analysis. The area of each marbling particle was ranked in descending order. The sum of the top five particle areas divided by the total area of marbling was used as a good indicator of marbling coarseness (Coarseness of 1-5 particles). Least square means of the marbling area percentages of JB, BBR, JBR, JBH, HOL were 43.02%, 36.62%, 29.72%, 31.76% and 19.34%, respectively. These values differ significantly, except for those corresponding to JBR and JBH. Coarseness of 1-5 particles of JBH (19.88) and HOL (20.14) were significantly higher than those of other breeds (P<0.05).View full abstractDownload PDF (4308K) -
Yasuyuki TANIMOTO, Mizuno HADA, Atsushi TANIMURA, Michie ITO, Machi NA ...2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 509-514
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to evaluate maximum daily amount milk replacer on automatic milk replacer feeding system nursing programs by their effects on identical twins of Japanese Black calves. We designed two groups according to the maximum daily amount milk replacer, the 4.0l group (4.0l/day) and the 5.0l group (5.0l/day). The frequency of reward visits in the 5.0l group tended to be higher than that of calves in the 4.0l group during the middle experimental period. The frequency of unrewarded visits to the automatic milk replacer feeding station in the 4.0l group tended to be higher than that of the 5.0l group in the same period. The frequency of total visits (rewarded + unrewarded) was no different between the two groups. The frequency of human assistance to calves visiting the automatic milk replacer feeding station and the body weight at weaning were no different between the groups, either. The consumption of milk replacer in the 5.0l group was significantly higher than that in the 4.0l group (P<0.05). These results indicate that the nursing program of 4.0l daily amount milk replacer was suitable for high nursing frequency in automatic milk replacer feeding system.View full abstractDownload PDF (905K) -
Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Takashige SUGIMOTO2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 515-520
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor determination of the order of priority of factors, which affect the number of pigs weaned per mated female per year (PWSY), production sensitivity analysis was applied. Field data collected from 79 com-mercial swine farms were used and the order was determined for each farm individually. The factors are total number of pigs born (TB), number of stillborn pigs (SB), number of mummified pigs (MB), piglet death rate during lactation (DR), non-productive mated female days (NPSD), gestation length (GL) and lactation length (LL). The prediction equation used was PWSY=(TB-SB-MB)×(1-DR/100)×(365-NPSD)÷(GL+LL), and the target values were 12.5 pigs/litter, 0.8 pigs/litter, 0.0 pigs/litter, 6.8%, 34.1 days/(mated female&middit;year), 115 days/litter and 19.7 days/litter for TB, SB, MB, DR, NPSD, GL and LL, respectively. For the first priority, the largest number of farms observed was 29 for TB, followed by 23 for DR, 19 for NPSD and 8 for SB. Once the actual values for each of the factors are acquired, production sensitivity analysis can be applied and it would effectively and practically prioritize those factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (950K)
Technical Reports
-
Masato KOBAYASHI, Noriaki SHOJI2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 521-527
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mixture of intramuscular fat and visceral fat of Japanese Black cattle was investigated to clarify the chemical property and palatability of molecular species fraction of triacylglycerol (TG). TG was fractionated into 4 molecular species groups, A) 3 molecules of saturated fatty acids (SSS), B) saturated and 1 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (SSM), C) 1 saturated and 2 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (SMM), and D) 3 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MMM). SSS fraction was obtained as a white powder with melting point ranging from 57.3 to 61.2°C. It did not melt in the mouth resulting in an unfavorable impression. SSM fraction was a white solid at room temperature with melting point ranging from 27.0 to 27.7°C, and melted rapidly in the mouth. SMM fraction was a transparent liquid at room temperature with melting point ranging from 8.2°C to 12.7°C. MMM fraction was also a transparent liquid in the refrigerator with melting point ranging from -12.2 to -10.0°C. This fraction was watery in the mouth, and fatty taste disappeared immediately. The melting point of intramuscular fat increased 2.73°C and decreased 0.71°C with the addition of 1 % SSS fraction and 1% MMM fraction, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
Composting Property of Pig Manure Dried with a Vacuum Dryer, and Characteristics of Compost ProducedShunji SERIZAWA, Katsuaki SATO, Kenji MOCHIZUKI, Nobuya KATAYAMA2006 Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 529-534
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVacuum drying is one method to control the water content of manure for composting. To clarify the composting and quality characteristics of pig manure compost processed by vacuum drying, we controlled the water content of fresh manure from breeding pigs to 65% using two methods : vacuum drying and mixing with sawdust. This manure was then composted using a small experimental composter. The pig manure dried in a vacuum dryer (vacuum-dried material) tended to have a significantly higher composting temperature than the manure with the sawdust (control material). In addition, the compost made of the vacuum dried material had much less organic matter. In the Komatsuna germination test, which indicates the fermentation maturity level, no difference was observed in the germination rate. In the root length index, promotion of fermentation was not observed, unlike with vacuum dried cow manure. Vacuum drying has a higher processing cost than moisture control with sawdust, but the volume of material to be processed after drying is smaller. As a result, the size of composting facilities can be reduced. Introduction of vacuum drying systems will be advantageous on pig farms with limited space for composting facilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|