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Volume 78 (2007)
- Issue 4 Pages 415-
- Issue 3 Pages 305-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
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Volume 78, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Review Article
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Teru ISHIBASHI2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 1-13
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of formula feeds has maintained about 24×106tons/year in several years. The most of feedstuffs are imported from other countries and the self-sufficient rate of feedstuffs is 24.7% for those produced in Japan and 9.7% for concentrates as TDN basis. Therefore, it has been the most important problems to increase self-sufficient rate of feedstuffs and various measures are constructing to increase until 35%. After incidence of BSE in Japan, the public interest in safety of foods has been increased and various measures has been employed to keep safety of foods. There are many problems to be confronted such as the separation of process line of A and B feed to avoid the contamination of animal protein into the feeds of ruminants, keeping away of contamination of poisoning substances, traceability of feeds, measures against disease such as avian influenza and environmental problems. Because there are no absolute measures to keep safety, it is necessary to meet these problems as scientific as possible. In this report, the present state of genetically modified feedstuffs and antibiotics which are most anxiety and interesting is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1995K)
Original Articles
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Munetaka HIRAKAWA, Yuuko ARASAKI, Katsunori SUNAGAWA, Akihisa SHINJO2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight female and six male Boer goats were imported from the USA in 1999 to improve Okinawa meat goats. Boer goats bred in Okinawa were investigated to ascertain delivery season, number per litter, morphogenetic characteristics and body measurement. Both Boer goats and Okinawa meat goats had a peak delivery period ranging from January to April. There was no difference between the two groups. The Boer goats had a shortened breeding season and there were no kids delivered from August to October. On the other hand, Okinawa meat goats had a low delivery rate from May to December and exhibited slow but constant breeding throughout the year. Average litter sizes of Boer and Okinawa meat goats were 1.6 and 2.0, respectively. The coat color of the Boer goats was white with a brown face, neck and horns. The animals had no wattles. However, the supernumerary teats and beard of the female goats were variable. The average body weight, withers height, chest girth and shoulder point width in females and males were 44.7, 67.7kg ; 66.6, 76.3cm ; 84.8, 91.3cm ; 19.7, 23.0cm, respectively. The phenotypic correlations were calculated between every possible pair of thirteen traits in both the females and males. Significantly high correlations between body weight and chest girth, chest width and hip width were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Takayoshi KAWAHARA, Yusaku GOTOH, Satoshi YAMAGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi SUZUKI2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives were to investigate relationships among estimates of additive genetic variance, dominance genetic variance and inbreeding depression for type traits of Holsteins. The data were type records of 244,078 Holstein cows classified during the period from April 1984 to March 2002 in Hokkaido region of Japan. The traits analyzed were 6 classification and 16 linear type traits. The analyses were conducted by two mixed models ; the single-record model (SM) contained herd-year, stage of lactation, age of classification and inbreeding depression as fixed effects and additive animal and dominance parental as random effects, and the repeatability models (RM) including random permanent environmental effect. The variance fractions for random effects were estimated by method R. Estimated fractions of additive genetic variances ranged from 5.5% (foot angle) to 45.2% (stature) with the SM and 5.6% (foot angle) to 45.5% (stature) with the RM. Estimated fractions of dominance genetic variances ranged from 0.8% (foot angle) to 7.0% (body capacity) with the SM and 0.4% (foot angle) to 6.4% (body capacity) with the RM. Estimated depressions per 1% inbreeding coefficient with the SM were positive for ramp angle, rear leg side view, fore udder attachment and fore teat placement, and negative ranging from -0.046/% (body capacity) to -0.001/% (rear udder high) for other traits. Estimated inbreeding depressions from SM were similar to those from RM except for rear leg side view and rear udder high. Clear positive relationship (P<0.01) was found between estimates of additive and dominance genetic variances. The estimates of inbreeding depressions had significantly (P<0.01) negative relationship with the estimates of dominance genetic standard deviations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1165K) -
Yutaka HASHIYADA, Kanako KANEYAMA, Masatugu ASADA, Naoyuki SAKUTA, Kaz ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 29-36
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the pretreatment and/or the media during splitting of bovine blastocysts derived from in vitro-fertilization on the success of bisection and the viability of demi embryos were examined. Test groups were as below ; exposed in cytochalasin B (CB) solution before bisection then split in the solution with CB (CB-CB) or without CB (CB-PBS), exposed in Ca2+ free PBS then split in DPBS (PBS (-)), or split in sucrose solution without pretreatment (SUC). Bisections were performed vertically by metal blade equipped to the micromanipulator without holding pipette. The shrinkage of embryos in splitting solution before bisection, the explosion of zona pellucida at the time of bisection, and the volume and quality of demi embryos just after bisection, were recorded. The viability of demi embryos was evaluated by morphological observation after 24h of culture. The cell numbers of demi embryos were counted, and the differences of cell number between each demi-pair were calculated. In CB-PBS and SUC groups, explosion of zona pellucida and damage to embryos were reduced because of the shrinkage of an embryo. CB-CB and CB-PBS groups had many cell numbers of demi embryos, so that an effect of CB to restrain a loss of cells was suggested. On the other hand, in PBS (-) group, it was suggested that there were few effects to reduce the damage of embryos at the time of bisection, because there were low survival rate and few cell numbers of the demi embryos. In addition, the difference of cell number between each demi-pair did not show a significantly difference among the groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (1103K) -
Tadashi SATO, Tomokazu NAKAI, Hiroo SADOYA, Masayuki OHTANI, Masaaki H ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifructose anhydride (DFA) III is an oligosaccharide, which increase calcium absorption in the intestine of humans and rats and is not easily degraded by rumen microorganism. Therefore, it is very probable that it would increase calcium absorption in ruminants as in humans. We fed DFA III to multiparous Holstein dairy cows before calving and investigated serum calcium of cows after calving. The serum calcium concentrations at calving were 8.0mg/100mL in cows treated with DFA III during prepartum, which was higher than the 6.6mg/100mL in untreated cows. Also at 6 hours and 24 hours after calving, the serum calcium concentrations were higher in cows treated with DFA III. The serum calcium reached the normal concentration of 9mg/100mL at 6 hours in cows treated with DFA III, whereas this took 72 hours in untreated cows. In the untreated cows, the serum calcium concentrations at calving decline with the parity but the cows treated with DFA III did not show reduced the serum calcium concentrations with the parity. These results suggest that DFA III prevents the decline in the blood calcium concentrations at calving, and is effective in preventing hypocalcemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (924K) -
Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI, Manami MAEHARA, Yanli ZHANG, Takashi MOTOBAYASHI, ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 45-55
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of feeding of whole crop rice silage (RWCS) on milk production, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and feeding behavior of lactating cows was measured using eight Holstein lactating dairy cows in a switch-back trial. The cows were divided into two groups and fed a diet containing 34% RWCS or Sudangrass hay (SH), 19% alfalfa haycube and 47% concentrate mixture, respectively (as DM basis). The rice breed used for RWCS in this trial was Kusahonami, harvested at the mature stage. There were no differences in DMI, milk yield, and milk composition between the RWCS diet and the SH diet. Although the total volatile fatty acid concentration and protozoal number in the rumen fluid were not different between the two diets, the molar percentage of propionic acid was significantly decreased by the RWCS diet at 2 and 5h after feeding (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The ruminal ammonia-N of cows fed the RWCS diet was significantly higher at 0, 2 and 5h after feeding than that of cows fed the SH diet (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), and the ruminal free amino acids also tended to increase in the RWCS diet. The blood plasma glucose was similar in both treatments, but the urea-N in cows receiving the RWCS diet was significantly higher at 2 h after feeding (P<0.05). The total and essential free amino acids in blood plasma were significantly lower in cows fed the RWCS diet (P<0.05). The eating time, rumination time, and chewing time were not different between both diets. These results showed that RWCS could be well utilized as basic forage for lactating dairy cows, while further investigation might be necessary to improve the low digestibility of grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1183K)
Technical Report
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Tomokazu NAKAI, Satoshi MURATA, Hiroto KIKUCHI, Tadashi SATO, Hiroo SA ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 57-61
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAppearance of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) in duodenal digesta was measured in an experiment designed as a 3×3 Latin square using three Holstein steers fitted with a cannula in the duodenum. The steers were fed a diet composed of timothy hay (CP 8.4% DM, TDN 54.3% DM) and concentrate (CP 17.0% DM, TDN 83.0% DM) at 8 : 00 and 16 : 00. At the morning feeding, steers were also fed one of the 500g diets containing either 0, 21, or 42g of DFA III. Two hundred mL of duodenal digesta were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 20h after the morning feeding. DFA III concentrations in duodenal digesta were measured by HPLC. When fed the 21g of DFA III diet, DFA III was detected in the duodenal digesta at 1 and 2 h, and feeding while when fed the 42g of DFA III diet, DFA III was detected 1, 2, 4, and 6h after feeding. The concentration of the DFA III peaked in the duodenal digesta at 2h after feeding with 42g of DFA III (203.8±24.2μg/mL). From these in vivo data, it was demonstrated that DFA III could avoid ruminal degradation and could flow into the duodenum when fed to the steers.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K)
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