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Volume 78 (2007)
- Issue 4 Pages 415-
- Issue 3 Pages 305-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 78, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Naoto BANDOJIMA, Takafumi ISHIDA, Hiroshi HARADA2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 305-310
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUltrasonic technique is widely used in predicting marbling score in live beef cattle. The judging techniques were, however, done subjectively on hardcopy or videotape recorder (VTR) image. In this study, the digital information obtained from the ultrasonic scanogram was used to estimate the beef marbling score (BMS) and to clarify the possibilities for predicting the BMS objectively by image analysis. Four hundred and ninety nine fattening cattle were ultrasonically scanned (HS-2000), and the digital information for predicting the BMS were interpreted on the computer using a commercial image analysis software. It was shown that some digital informations on M. longissimus thoracic and M. semispianlis dorsi would decrease correspondingly with the increase of estimating the BMS on the carcass. The result of multiple regression analysis for estimating the BMS as the dependent variable and digital informations obtained by image analysis as the independent variable showed that 9 independent variables were the basis for predicting the BMS and the contribution ratio of the equation was 0.603. 71.5% ±1 was in agreement for estimating the BMS.View full abstractDownload PDF (1639K) -
Tetsuo TAMURA, Kazunori INOUE, Hikari SHINOHARA, Teruaki KOGA2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 311-316
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was designed to examine the feasibility of estimating the daily excretion of total nitrogen (N) and allantoin in the urine from the 4-h daytime urine excretion (between 08 : 00 and 12 : 00 or 12 : 00 and 16 : 00) collected from lactating dairy cows. The samples were collected over 3 experimental days from seven lactating dairy cows and analyzed for the concentration of creatinine, total N, and allantoin. The total N/creatinine concentration ratio, and allantoin/creatinine concentration ratio were nearly constant over 24 h. The daily excretion of urinary creatinine was 107.2 mg/kg0.75. Based on this, we derived the following formula : [daily excretion of urinary total N (or allantoin) (mg)=concentration of total N (or allantoin) in the 4-h urine sample (mg/dL)/concentration of creatinine in the 4-h urine sample (mg/dL)×107.2×metabolic body weight (kg0.75)]. A significant correlation was observed between the actual and estimated values by the formula (r>0.750, P<0.001), and the actual and estimated values were equal. Thus, it was concluded that the daily excretion of total N and allantoin in the urine could be estimated from the 4-h daytime urine excretion by using the derived formula.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
Chizuru YAYOTA, Junko KOHARA2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 317-324
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of feeding level on milk yield, milk compositions and blood constituents in Japanese Black cows were investigated. Eighteen Japanese Black cows were used in this experiment. According to energy supplying level, cows were grouped into three treatments : L (n=4), maintenance ; M (n=7), maintenance plus level of 7kg milk production ; and H (n=7), maintenance plus level of 14kg milk production. The proportion of forage in the diet was 87.6, 64.1, 47.5% in L, M and H cows, respectively. Milk yield, milk compositions and blood constituents were measured once a week until 4 weeks after calving. Mean daily milk yield was 5.1, 5.4 and 6.7kg, and milk protein was 3.55, 3.75 and 3.84% in the L, M and H cows, respectively. These increased linearly with an increased feeding level (P<0.01). The M cows had 6.03% milk fat. This value was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the L cows (5.57%) and the H cows (5.10%). Lactose and solid not fat were not influenced by the feeding level. Serum urea nitrogen linearly increased (P<0.01) and plasma glucose significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing feeding level. The fluctuation of serum nonesterified fatty acids and serum total cholesterol was different among the treatments. These results indicate that increasing energy feeding level increases milk yield, and the proportion of forage in the diet influences milk compositions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Katsuji UETAKE, Sayaka KANEKO, Shigeru MORITA, Yuki YUASA, Shinji HOSH ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 325-330
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe major factors that potentially cause responsiveness of Holstein cows in free stall barns were determined. Behavioral observations were conducted on five separate occasions in a commercial dairy farm that had approximately 150 lactating cows in three free stall barns. A total of 78 cows were randomly selected as subjects. Twelve behavioral measurements related to responsiveness to humans in the contexts of milking, inspecting and capturing were analyzed by a factor analysis. Factor scores were estimated for each subject. Correlation coefficients were calculated between factor scores and milk yield. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of calving number, lactation stage and lameness on each factor score. The scree plot that bent at the fifth eigenvalue showed four factors present. The measurements concerning flight response to humans and entry into the parlor had large loadings on the first factor. Time required to return from the parlor to the free stall barn had large loadings on the second factor. The milking temperament score and staying area in the free stall barns at about two hours after morning milking had large loadings on the third factor. Stop frequency in the return alley from the milking parlor and response to an inspector had large loadings on the fourth factor. Thus the first to fourth factors were interpreted as “fearfulness of the human”, “sluggishness”, “aversion to milking” and “sensitivity to surrounding”, respectively. The factor scores of fearfulness of the human (r=-0.20, n=71, P=0.10) and illness (r=-0.22, n=71, P=0.07) were weakly correlated with milk yield. The scores of sluggishness and sensitivity were significantly different across the calving number (F3,63=3.56, P<0.05) and lameness (F1,63=7.66, P<0.01), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Takafumi NAGAMINE, Muneo NAKAZAWA, Shu FURUYA, Minoru ITOH, Kyohei OZU ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 331-338
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined 645 composts for prevalence of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O-157, which are typical bacteria to cause food poisoning. To activate these bacteria, which were damaged by composting process, the compost samples were incubated with the buffered peptone water at 37°C for 18-24h before investigating by using selective media. Salmonella was isolated from 8 samples (1.2% in all samples) and the serotypes of isolated strains from 3 samples cause the serious problem regarding on public health. STEC O-157 was not detected in all samples. It was considered that the reason why the Salmonella strains were isolated was the treatment in the low temperature during the composting period or the contamination of the raw materials after the composting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1109K) -
Yoshinori YABUKI, Tatsuma MORI, Nobuyuki AIKO, Mitsunori KIRIHATA, Hit ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 339-344
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments in a laboratory scale were carried out to reduce color of livestock wastewater by using alginate gel beads containing 5%, 2.5% and 0.5% graphite carbon powder (GC). These beads contained 2% magnetite to enable stirring with magnet. When 100mL of wastewater was treated in batch process with 10g of the beads containing 5%, 2.5% and 0.5% GC for 3h, the color removal rate was 79%, 80% and 73%, respectively. After the batch treatment was repeated ten times, the color removal rate of beads containing 5% and 2.5% GC maintained over 50%, whereas, those of beads containing 0.5% GC decreased to 13%. The decrease in color removal rates of the beads was restored by washing with methanol. These results suggest that the magnetic beads containing GC would be reusable and an efficient adsorbent for color removal in livestock wastewaterView full abstractDownload PDF (1040K)
Technical Reports
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Toshio TAIRA2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 345-348
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrains, calcium phosphate and bone meal are feeds for non-ruminant domestic animals. However, mixtures of animal protein including bone meal are not permitted in feed for domestic ruminants to prevent the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. This examination was carried out to distinguish bone meal from grains and calcium phosphate. Bones are composed of calcium phosphate and protein. Protein is detectable with ninhydrin. In this examination, ninhydrin dyed particles of domestic animal bones a bluish-violet color. These particles generated bubbles when added to hydrochloric acid. Ninhydrin dyed particles of grain, however, did not generate bubbles when added to hydrochloric acid. Ninhydrin did not dyed calcium phosphate. Therefore, domestic animal's bones could be distinguished from grains and calcium phosphate by using ninhydrin and hydrochloric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (1606K) -
Mai OTSUKA, Hideyuki OMORI, Kiyoshi TAJIMA, Tomoyuki KAWASHIMA2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 349-354
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of formic acid addition on the conservation of sweet potato distiller's residue was examined. The control group (CN) and 0.2% formic acid added group (FA) were incubated at 25°C for 10 days. Changes in pH, number of total aerobic bacteria, coliform and yeast, and concentrations of citric acid and ethanol were measured. The pH was significantly low in FA (P<0.05). The number of total aerobic bacteria rapidly increased until day 4 in CN. On the contrary, that in FA gradually increased and was significantly low on days 4, 6, and 8 (P<0.05). The number of yeast in CN increased rapidly on day 2, but the increase in FA was slow and the number was significantly lower than that in CN on days 2, 6, and 8 (P<0.05). Concentrations of citric acid in CN greatly decreased on day 6 and disappeared on day 10. Consequently, that in FA hardly changed until day 6 and it was significantly higher than in CN (P<0.05). The number of coliform was not detected in both groups and no difference in ethanol content was observed between them. This suggests that addition of 0.2% formic acid prevented proliferation of microorganism and improved the conservation quality of sweet potato distiller's residue.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K) -
Koichi SHIMAZAWA, Akiyuki HONDA, Taiji TAKENO, Toru NISHIKAWA, Yoshita ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 355-362
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study evaluated effects of potato mixed silage on finishing pigs' growth performance and meat quality. The silage included 50% potatoes that were below marketing standards and contained less lysine than required for Japanese feeding standards for finishing pigs. The potato mixed silage exhibited lower pH and less nutrition loss. The 22 pigs (WL·D) were separated into two groups : 10 pigs consumed the potato mixed silage ; 12 pigs consumed a commercial diet ad libitum. All pigs were slaughtered at 110kg BW. Silage-treated pigs had lower average daily gain than the control pigs, requiring an additional ca. 20 days to reach 110kg. Loin fat contents of silage-treated pigs were significantly higher than those of the control (3.8-4.4 vs 1.8-2.1%, P<0.01). Meat color (lightness and yellowness) was better in silage-treated pigs than in control pigs (P<0.01). Sensory examinations of the silage-treated pigs' pork indicated a weaker aroma, with better flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptance scores (P<0.01). The potato mixed silage decreased the finishing pigs' growth performance, but increased loin fat contents and meat palatability, suggesting that potatoes which fail to meet marketing standards can produce quality pork. This system can be a model for regionally sustainable animal production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1144K)
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