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Volume 83 (2012)
- Issue 4 Pages 335-
- Issue 3 Pages 271-
- Issue 2 Pages 117-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 83, Issue 4
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Keiko NISHIMURA, Takashi NAKAHARA, Shoji OOKUTSU, Yasuhiro KAWAMOTO, Y ...2012 Volume 83 Issue 4 Pages 335-343
Published: November 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFermentation quality of mixed silage comprising roughages (corn silage, Italian ryegrass silage, rice whole crop silage and rice straw) and sweet-potato shochu distillery by-product cake (SDC) was determined. Three kinds of the mixed silage, 1) the above roughage only, 2) 10% SDC replaced roughage and 3) 20% SDC replaced roughage in a DM basis were prepared. Effects of feeding TMR containing mixed silage with SDC, i.e. 0% SDC (NSDCT), 10% SDC (10SDCT) and 20% SDC (20SDCT), on nutrient intake, rumen fermen-tation and nitrogen metabolism of 4 dry cows were elucidated according to 4×3 Youden square design (experiment 1). Effect on milk production of 6 lactating cows was also investigated according to 3×3 Latin square design (experiment 2). The fermentation qualities of the mixed silages with SDC was more than 70 points in V-SCORE, indicating good quality. There were no significant difference in apparent digestibility, TDN intake, rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization among the treatments when the TMR containing mixed silage with NSDCT, 10SDCT and 20SDCT were fed to dry cows. When the above TMR were fed to lactating cows, dry matter intake was significantly higher in lactating cows fed the 10SDCT (25.2kg/day) or 20SDCT (24.9kg/day) than in those fed the NSDCT (22.1kg/day) (P < 0.05) ; however, milk yield and composition were not different among dietary treatments. It is concluded that ensiling self-supplying roughage with SDC shows good fermentation quality and TMR containing the silage is a beneficial variance as feed for dairy cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Itoko NONAKA, Yukako KURIHARA, Kouji HIGUCHI, Naozumi TAKUSARI, Kiyosh ...2012 Volume 83 Issue 4 Pages 345-356
Published: November 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of studies were carried out to investigate the effects of increasing environmental temperature (20°C, 28°C and 33°C) under a constant (60%) relative humidity (RH) on physiological responses, utilization of nutrients and nitrogen and energy metabolism of Holstein heifers in late stage of growth (n = 4, initial body weight = 418 ± 14 (± SE) kg, initial age = 17.1 ± 0.5 months). All the heifers were fed Italian ryegrass silage and concentrate to meet their energy growth rate of 0.8kg/day. The energy balance was measured daily by means of indirect calorimetry on the last 4 days of each 14-day treatment period. The results were as follows ; 1) Respiration rate and rectal temperature rose with increasing environmental temperature, while dry matter intake of roughage dropped. 2) Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and nonfiber carbohydrate in the feed were higher at 33°C than at 20°C. 3) Total mean retention time of feed in the digestive tract at 33°C was significantly longer than at 20°C and 28°C. 4) Blood alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triiodo-thyronine and alkaline phosphatase at 33°C were lower than at 20°C ; however, triglyceride was higher. 5) Nitrogen balance was significantly affected at 28°C and above. Fecal nitrogen at 33°C, expressed as a percentage of intake, was lower than that at 20°C and 28°C ; conversely, urinary nitrogen at 33°C, expressed as a percentage of intake, was higher than that 28°C. 6) Energy balance was significantly affected at 28°C and above. Heat production, expressed as metabolic body size, decreased as environmental temperature in-creased, however, heat production, expressed as gross energy intake, increased. Retained energy at 33°C was lower than at 20°C and 28°C, however, energy distribution to body fat or body protein did not change as environmental temperature increased. These results show that the detrimental effects of high environmental temperature on the performance of Holstein heifers in the late stage of growth appeared at 28°C and above ; and that the influence of high environmental temperature on heifers was severer in the late stages of growth than in the early stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K)
Technical Reports
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Yohei KUROSE, Yoshihiro SUZUKI, Hideyuki TAKAHASHI, Masayasu KOJIMA, K ...2012 Volume 83 Issue 4 Pages 357-362
Published: November 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether nutritional status and growth could be estimated by plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones in grazing beef cattle. Blood samples were collected once every two weeks from Japanese Shorthorn steers in growing (1st grazing season, n = 7) and fattening (2nd grazing season, n = 7) stages and analyzed for plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), ghrelin, insulin, and insulin-like peptide 1 (IGF-1). A slight difference in plasma NEFA and ghrelin concentrations between the growing and fattening stages was observed. On the other hand, there were a lot of significant differences in plasma glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 concentrations between the two stages. In the final stage of grazing, body weight gain was negative, and plasma NEFA concentrations tended to increase in both stages. Plasma glucose concentrations and body weight gain were significantly lesser in the fattening stage than in the growing stage in the last half of grazing. Plasma insulin concentrations were significantly greater in the fattening stage than in the growing stage throughout grazing. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were significantly greater in the fattening stage than in the growing stage in the first half of grazing. There was a positive correlation between plasma IGF-1 concentration and body weight in the growing stage. The present study suggests the importance of plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones for estimating the nutritional status in grazing beef cattle. Plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations depend on the stages of growth. Therefore, plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones in different stages of growth should be taken into consideration to estimate nutritional status in grazing beef cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
Kazuki YAMASHINA, Yoshihisa YOSHIMURA, Kentaro IKUTA, Asako MARUYAMA, ...2012 Volume 83 Issue 4 Pages 363-372
Published: November 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForty-one multi parous Holstein cows from 5 experimental stations were used to evaluate the effects of shortening the dry period (40d) on subsequent milk production, reproductive traits, incidence of metabolic disorders and metabolic profiles. Cows were assigned to one of the treatments within each station : tradi-tional 60-day dry period (T group, n = 20) and 40-day dry period (S group, n = 21). Actual dry period was 40.7 days for S group and 61.4 days for T group. In the prolonged milking period (3 weeks), milk yield was 325kg/head in S group. However, no significant effects of dry period length were observed on postpartum milk yield, body weight, and body condition score. Reproduction traits and incidence of metabolic disorders were not different either between the two groups. The results indicated that a 40-day dry period practice could be acceptable to farmers as a useful management tool during the periparturient period.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K)
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