All issues
Volume 84 (2013)
- Issue 4 Pages 435-
- Issue 3 Pages 301-
- Issue 2 Pages 141-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 84, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Original Articles
-
Osamu SASAKI, Mitsuo AIHARA, Akiko NISHIURA, Hisato TAKEDA, Masahiro S ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTest-day milk yields are affected by many environmental factors; therefore, it is difficult to determine the effect of management practices solely based on the test-day milk yields. We developed a model to calculate a standardized milk yield in which the effects of region, calving season, parity, and days in milk can be adjusted. The data recorded comprised 13,119,566 test-day milk yields from 883,011 Holstein cows in 10,409 herds between 2007 and 2009. The yields were divided according to 4 regions (1 : Hokkaido ; 2 : Tohoku ; 3 : Kanto, Hokuriku, Chubu, and Chugoku ; and 4 : Kinki, Shikoku, and Kyushu), 12 calendar months, and 4 parity groups (1 : first parity, 2 : second parity, 3 : third and fourth parities, and 4 : fifth and sixth parities). Day 120 after calving of second-parity cows in Hokkaido in May was considered as the standard condition. Test-day milk yields were converted to the milk yields obtained under the standard condition. Further, this converted milk yields were considered as the standardized milk yields. The expected milk yield was calculated on the basis of the standard lactation curve. Five lactation curves of sixth-order Legendre polynomials (L6) and of third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-order Legendre polynomials with Wilmink function (L3W, L4W, L5W, and L6W, respectively) were considered for calculating the expected milk yields. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values for L6W were the least among the 5 lactation curves. Most of the average residual L6W values were less than ± 0.1 kg throughout the milking period. Additionally, the range of seasonal changes in the originally recorded milk yield was 1.3-3.1 kg. However, when L6W was used to calculate the standardized milk yield, this range of seasonal changes was 0.3-1.0 kg. These results suggested that L5W and L6W were suitable models for determining the expected milk yields. Further, 90% of the standardized milk yields are obtained from a herd average of ± 2.37 kg. This value can be considered an indicator for the detection of changes in the management conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
Takeshi YAMAZAKI, Koichi HAGIYA, Yoshitaka NAGAMINE, Hisato TAKEDA, Sa ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe suitable model using TD animal models was examined to estimate the test day (TD) milk yield losses associated with elevated somatic cell score (SCS) in different stages of first and second lactations in Holstein cows. We used 200,095 TD milk and SCS records from 21,238 cows in their first lactation and 143,051 records from 15,281 cows in their second lactation. Stages of lactation were defined as 5 to 60 days in milk (DIM) (early stage), 61 to 150 (middle stage), 151 to 240 (late stage) and 241 to 305 (last stage). The data were analyzed within parity by using a single-trait random regression animal model. Class of classified SCS or linear to sextic regression to SCS in different stages were fitted as fixed SCS effect on milk in models, and the excellence of fit of these models were compared. The models applying quartic and more regressions to SCS were superior in the excellence of fit ; however, the effects of high SCS on milk yield were not estimated correctly. Therefore, it was suggested that class of classified SCS was preferable to estimate the effects of SCS on TD milk yield. Estimated milk losses associated with elevated SCS were greater in second lactation than those in first lactation and the losses increased as lactation stage progressed. These Estimates were significantly different between early/middle stages, late stage and last stage in both first and second lactation. Therefore, these stages of first and second lactation should be considered when estimating TD milk losses associated with SCS.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Yoichi SATO, Chiemi YONEZAWA, Mitsuhiro KUMAGAI, Keiichi SUZUKI2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 19-25
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapanese Shorthorn is one of the WAGYU, raised in Iwate Prefecture and in other prefectures. We estimated genetic parameters, genetic trends, and genetic gains per year for carcass traits using the data in recent years. Heritability for meat quantity traits were higher than meat quality traits. Heritability of marbling score was lower than other reports. In recent years, genetic trends of the carcass traits were positive trend, except of LMA and RT. Genetic gains per year until 1990s were desirable trend. However, genetic gains trend per year in LMA, RT and SFT were not clear since 2000. Genetic correlation between LMA and firmness was negative, however between SFT and CW, SFT and RT were positive. It was considered that balance of each trait was important for improvement of Japanese Shorthorn.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K) -
Yoichi SATO, Nanae SASAGO-TAMEOKA, Yoshinobu UEMOTO, Hiroyuki HASEBE, ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, fatty acid composition has attracted attention as a new trait for evaluation of beef quality. Although there are a lot of information given, mainly in marbling in Japanese Shorthorn red meat, there are few reports on fatty acid composition. Therefore, the effect each genotype polymorphism SCD, FASN, SREBP-1 and GH is given to the fatty acid ratio and carcass traits in 279 Japanese Shorthorn head were analyzed using mixed-inheritance animal model. Heritability of fatty acid ratio was 0.39-0.51, C18:2 had the lowest which was similar to the report on Japanese Black Cattle. Both FASN and SCD were effective in C14:0 and C14:1, FASN was effective in C16:1 and C18:1, SCD was effective in C18:0, C18:2, SFA and MUFA. On the other hand, effect of GH was not observed. SREBP-1 polymorphism could not be confirmed. It was suggested that the genetic influence on fatty acid composition was strong, and genotype information of FASN and SCD were useful as markers in Japanese Shorthorn.View full abstractDownload PDF (338K) -
Masataka AKAGAMI, Wataru WAKIMOTO, Daisuke YAMAGUCHI, Akiyuki WATANABE ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 35-41
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study evaluated the efficiency of the cryopreservation method by aluminum-plate-vitrification (APV) on in vitro manipulated bovine blastocysts. In vivo produced bovine blastocysts, in-vitro fertilized (IVF) bovine blastocysts from ovum pick up or ovaries of slaughtered cows and biopsied bovine blastocysts were cryopreserved by APV or slow freezing. IVF blastocysts vitrified by APV showed higher (P<0.05) survival rate than those in slow freezing. Biopsied blastocysts vitrified by APV showed higher (P<0.01) survival rate than those in slow freezing. Conception rate following the transfer of IVF blastocysts by warming dilution outside of a straw was higher (P<0.05) than that by warming dilution inside a straw, but the calves were born by direct transfer of vitrified IVF blastocysts. These results demonstrated that vitrification by APV can be used effectively in the cryopreservation of in vitro manipulated bovine blastocysts. To apply the method to practical field of bovine embryo transfer, however, in-straw dilution should be improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Megumi MIZUMA, Toshihiro OKAMURA, Eisaku SUZUKI, Yoshihito SUDA, Takuj ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 51-57
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of seaweed and dried laver seaweed feed additives on pigs’ immunity was investigated in pigs. In Exp 1, 20 castrated Landrace pigs were divided into a control (10) and seaweed group (10) at 20 kg body weight. They were subsequently reared under group feeding. Seaweed was added to feed at the rate of 0.8% until 70 kg body weight. Pigs of both groups were vaccinated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) two times : on 21 and 28 days after introduction. Blood and saliva samples were collected to measure immune traits from both groups on 0, 21, 28, 29, and 35 days after introduction. Five pigs from each group were selected using the SRBC specific IgG concentration on 35 days, and the organic acid composition and IgA concentration in intestines were measured after slaughter. No significant difference in growth traits between groups was found. Phagocyte activity of the seaweed group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group, although both groups showed a decrease on the day following the second SRBC vaccination. The ratio of granular leukocyte to lymphocyte of the seaweed group was higher (P<0.10) than in the control group on 28 and 35 days after vaccination. The seaweed group showed a significantly (P<0.01) higher value of salivary IgA concentration than the control group after the second SRBC vaccination. The value of the SRBC-specific IgG concentration after the second SRBC vaccination was higher in the seaweed group than in the control group, although the difference was not detected by large variance. The ratio of CD8+ CD16+ measured as an index of the NK cell showed a higher value in the seaweed group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant. No difference was found in the organic acid composition (acetic, propionic or butyric acid) or IgA concentration in the large intestine of slaughtered pigs. No significant effect was found on immunity, growth and meat quality in a 2% dried laver seaweed added feed in Exp 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Toshihiro TAKAHASHI, Nozomi OONAKA, Syoujirou HORINOUCHI, Masayoshi IW ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 59-66
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to analyze the mechanism to produce high quality pork by using eco-feed mainly composed of breadcrumb. Forty cross bred fattening pigs (LWD) (average body weight, 70 kg) were allotted to control and four types of eco-feed groups : combination of high (16.3%) and low (12.9%) protein contents and middle (0.55%) and low (0.43%) lysine content. The pigs were slaughtered at over 105 kg live weight and carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated. Fattening periods were more prolonged in the low protein×low lysine groups than in the control group. The average daily gain was lower in the eco-feed groups than in the control group. There was no significant difference in meat color and fat color. The L* value, degree of marbling and content of intramuscular fat of the longissimus muscle were higher in the eco-feed groups than in the control group. The dietary protein level did not significantly affect the intramuscular fat content of the longissimus muscle. However, a significant effect of dietary lysine level was apparent. The interaction of dietary protein level with dietary lysine level of intramuscular fat content was significant. By lowering lysine/protein ratio in the diet, the production of marbling pork was possible even in the high protein and middle lysine. No significant differences existed in refractive index and melting point of backfat between the control group and eco-feed group. In the eco-feed group, oleic acid content increased and linoleic acid content decreased. In conclusion, the present study shows that the mechanism of marbling pork fed on bread was affected more by the lysine content rather than by the low protein content, suggesting that lysine/protein ratio is particularly important.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Yasuhiro NAKAGAWA, Kazato OISHI, Hiromichi MAENO, Mikinori HIRANO, Mas ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 67-76
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives of the present study were to compare the energy expenditures (EE) of grazing cows estimated from GPS data (EEGPS) with that estimated from heart rate (HR) measurements (EEHR), and to investigate factors affecting EEHR of the cows grazing continuously over several days. A GPS collar was attached around the neck, an IceTagTM Sensor was attached to one of the legs and an HR monitor was harnessed to the chest. Walking speeds and slope gradients were obtained from GPS data, and the number of steps, the time spent standing or lying (standing/lying) were collected from the IceTagTM Sensor. Temperature data were obtained from the data of Japan Meteorological Agency. Walking speeds and slope gradients were used to estimate EEGPS, and HR was used to estimate EEHR. The results showed that EEGPS and EEHR ranged from 518 to 546 kJ/BW0.75 day and 667 to 866 kJ/BW0.75 day, respectively. The correlation coefficients of EEGPS and EEHR ranged from 0.412 to 0.646. The number of steps, temperature and standing/lying were major factors affecting EEHR of grazing cows ; however EEGPS could not be affected by the temperature and standing/lying.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K)
Technical Reports
-
Hiroyuki ABE, Yoko YAKABE, Masahiro AMARI2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 77-80
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHen’s egg has been known as a valuable source of nutrition, but the egg yolk contains high cholesterol. Each egg yolk cholesterol content was reported to vary from each other. We studied non-destructive determination of hen’s egg-cholesterol by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to estimate each egg cholesterol content before cooking. Transmittable spectra of samples were scanned in the range of wavelength region between 400 and 1100 nm by NIRS model 6500 (Foss NIR Systems, Laurel, USA). The first derivative spectra were used to develop calibration equations by partial least square (PLS) regression. The prediction accuracy was evaluated in terms of square of correlation coefficients (RSQ), standard error of cross validation (SECV) and ratio of standard deviation of reference data in predicted sample set to SECV ; SD/SECV (RPD) values. We obtained the first derivation data by NIR spectroscopy with enzymatic destructive egg yolk cholesterol data. Both data were performed using by partial least square (PLS) regression analysis and predicted values were estimated by cross validation method. The total cholesterol concentration of egg yolk (mg/100 g egg yolk) and total cholesterol contents (mg/egg) showed high correlation coefficient with the enzymatic analysis value. Their coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.885 and 0.893, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (241K) -
Koji TAKAYAMA, Miyo YOSHIDA, Daisuke ISHII, Jun HIROSE, Ichiro OSHIMA, ...2013 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 81-88
Published: February 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to develop effective techniques for preventing the invasion of meadows by sika deer (Cervus nippon). We investigated the behavioral response of captive sika deer to 2 types of fence constructed with either 3- or 4-stage electric wires (3WF and 4WF, respectively) in a corral, and the effects of electric fences on the invasion of meadows by wild animals. The fences were erected to prevent sika deer (24 h fasting) from getting access to a feed trough in the corral. Captive sika deer exhibited exploratory behavior toward the 30- and 60-cm-high wires of the 4WF with their lips. Although the animals received an electric shock, they finally passed through the wires (at a height of 60-100 cm) and invaded the area in which the feed trough was placed. However, the animals did not pass through the 4WF after completing avoidance learning (2-3 h later). The animals were observed to leap over the 3WF. On the basis of the results of a light census on the meadow (2 ha) in January 2010, it was concluded that the 4WF was more effective in preventing sika deer invasion than the 3WF. At the end of the observation period (84 days after the start of the investigation), the herbage mass in the 4WF area of the meadow was significantly greater than that in the 3WF area (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the 4WF was effective in preventing the invasion of sika deer into the meadow of a livestock farm. In addition, 140-cm-high wires (no electricity) may play a role as a visual deterrent that prevents the sika deer from leaping.View full abstractDownload PDF (1795K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|