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Volume 85 (2014)
- Issue 4 Pages 461-
- Issue 3 Pages 285-
- Issue 2 Pages 131-
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Volume 85, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Commentary
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 461-470
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Original Articles
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Yoichi SATO, Chiemi YONEZAWA, Hiroshi KAMIYAMA, Keiichi SUZUKI2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 471-478
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe used a mixed model to investigate the effects of SNPs in CW-2, CW-1, and GH on carcass traits in the Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese Black cattle. These SNPs have been reported to be associated with carcass traits in the Japanese Black cattle. In the Japanese Black cattle, we observed that CW-2 affects the carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, and rib thickness. Furthermore, we observed the effect of CW-1 on longissimus muscle area and carcass weight. However, SNPs in two GH were not associated with carcass traits. Two SNPs in CW-1 and CW-2 had a high contribution rate (30%) toward the genetic variance of carcass weight, and in particular, CW-2 is a marker for the high contribution ratio. In contrast, in the Japanese Shorthorn cattle, the effect of CW-2 was observed on the subcutaneous fat thickness, although the gene frequency was extremely biased. These SNPs in CW-1 and CW-2 can be used as markers for improving carcass traits in the Japanese Black cattle, but it will be necessary to find more effective QTLs in Japanese Shorthorn cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 479-485
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Takashi KITAGAWA, Hiroshi TANI, Taisuke YAMAJI, Masahiko FUJITA, Hideh ...2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 487-493
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-four Japanese Black steers were used to evaluate the effects of feeding brown rice as a replacement for barley on growth and carcass quality. In Exp. 1, eight steers were divided into 2 groups : control (n＝4) and BR10 (n＝4), given diets containing 10% brown rice as a replacement for part of barley during the fatting period (10-29 months of age). In Exp. 2, eight steers were divided into 2 groups : control (n＝4) and BR15 (n＝4), given diets containing 15% brown rice as a replacement for part of barley during the fatting period (10-29 months of age). In Exp. 3, eight steers were divided into 2 groups : control (n＝4) and BR18-30 (n＝4), given diets containing 18% and 30% brown rice as a replacement for all barley during the early (9-12 months of age) and late (13-29 months of age) stages, respectively. Diets were formulated to provide similar contents of protein and energy. In Exp.1-3, the final body weight and daily body weight gain were not affected by brown rice intake. However, in Exp. 3, the concentrate intake of RB18-30 group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than control group, whereas there were no significant differences in Exp.1 and 2. Although the concentration of serum vitamin A was not affected by brown rice intake in Exp. 1, RB15 group had significantly (P < 0.01) lower concentrations than control group at 16, 18, 25 and 28 months of age in Exp.2 and RB18-30 group also had significantly (P < 0.01) lower concentration than control group at 17 month of age in Exp.3. Carcass weight and rib thickness were greater in RB18-30 group than control group in Exp. 3, whereas there were no significant differences in Exp.1 and 2. There were no significant differences in fatty acid composition by brown rice intake in Exp.1-3. These results indicated that brown rice as a replacement for barley intake does not adversely and may favorably affect the feeding performance and carcass traits.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Yuko KAMIYA, Itoko NONAKA, Masahito TANAKA, Ikuo HATTORI, Mitsuru KAMI ...2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 495-502
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour lactating Holstein cows were used in a 2×2 cross over design to determine the effects of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing 25% of corn grain or 25% of cracked brown rice on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production (Experiment 1). Then, four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 2×2 cross over design to determine the effects of particle size of brown rice (ground and cracked rice) in TMR silage on DMI and milk production (Experiment 2). In experiment 1, DMI of cows fed TMR silage containing brown rice was tended to increase (P < 0.10) compared with that of corn. Dietary treatment did not affect the milk yield, milk fat, protein and lactose content. Treatment did not affect the apparent dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility. In experiment 2, DMI of experimental cows was not different between treatments. Milk yield of cows fed ground rice was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of cows fed cracked rice. The dietary treatment did not affect milk composition. The apparent DM (P < 0.10) and CP (P < 0.05) digestibility of cows fed ground rice was higher than that of cows fed cracked rice. These results indicated that cracked brown rice can be used for lactating dairy cows as substitute for corn grain. The particle size of brown rice has effects on nutrient digestibility and milk yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
Susumu SHUKUIN, Miki SUGIMOTO, Shuntaro IKEDA, Shinichi KUME2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 503-507
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEighteen ICR pregnant mice were assigned to control, 2% potassium chloride (KCl) or 5% KCl groups to clarify the effects of KCl level on body weight, feed intake, water intake, renal weight and renal function in pregnant and lactating mice, and 2% or 5% KCl was supplemented in KCl groups from 6.5 days post coitus to 14 days after parturition. Feed intake and water intake in mice increased rapidly immediately after parturition. Feed intake and body weight in mice during pregnancy and lactation was not affected by treatment, but water intake in lactating mice was accelerated with increased KCl level. Supplemental 5% KCl increased renal weights and serum K and Cl in lactating mice, but histological alteration using hematoxylin-eosin staining was not found in the kidneys of any mouse. These results suggest that feeding high KCl level accelerates water intake and renal weights in lactating mice and prevents renal function.View full abstractDownload PDF (246K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 509-515
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Yuki OKADA, Takayuki MURAMOTO2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 517-524
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of slaughter age (2, 3, and 4 years of age) on physical and chemical properties and nutrient composition of M. longissimus dorsi, M. biceps femoris, and M. semimembranosus from yezo sika deer was studied. Shear force values of M. longissimus dorsi and M. biceps femoris were not affected by slaughter age. On the other hand, the shear force value of M. semimembranosus of yezo sika deer slaughtered at 3 years of age was higher than that of yezo sika deer slaughtered at other ages. Monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in all muscles of yezo sika deer slaughtered at 2 years of age was lower than that of yezo sika deer slaughtered at other ages. Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in all muscles of yezo sika deer slaughtered at 2 years of age was higher than that of yezo sika deer slaughtered at other ages. Metmyoglobin percentages of M. longissimus dorsi and M. biceps femoris of yezo sika deer slaughtered at 2, 3, and 4 years of ages were beyond 35% (a threshold value) at days 1, 1, and 2 of display, respectively. The metmyoglobin percentages of M. semimembranosus of yezo sika deer slaughtered at all ages were beyond the threshold value at day 1 of display. Taurine concentration in M. longissimus dorsi of yezo sika deer slaughtered at 2 years age was lower than that slaughtered at other ages. The slaughter age did not affect crude fat concentration, drip loss, cooking loss, n-6 : n-3 in fatty acid, free amino acid concentration, and carnitine concentration of yezo sika deer.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Takayuki MURAMOTO, Honami TATEYAMA, Mashiho KANEKO2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 525-530
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to examine the relationships between fattening period after grazing and physical and chemical properties of muscle from Japanese shorthorn delivered cow. The L＊ value, a＊ value, b＊ value, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, crude fat concentration, α-tocopherol concentration, β-carotene concentration, carnitine concentration, and fatty acid composition of M. semimembranosus from Japanese shorthorn delivered cow were analyzed. There were no significant relationships between fattening period after grazing and a＊ value, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, crude fat concentration, carnitine concentration, and fatty acid composition of the muscle. However, the L＊ value, b＊ value, α-tocopherol concentration, and β-carotene concentration of the muscle significantly decreased with fattening period after grazing. It was suggested that in order to retain antioxidant ability of muscle from Japanese shorthorn delivered cow the fattening period after grazing should be less than at least 165 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (311K) -
Sakura MAEDA, Kohei SAKODA, Keigo KUCHIDA2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 531-537
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe IARS (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase) muted gene is responsible for weak calf syndrome in Japanese Black cattle. In this study, carcass grading traits and image analysis traits were analysed to investigate the effects of the use of an IARS abnormality carrier sire on carcass yield and meat quality. Carcass grading and image analysis records of Japanese Black cattle were collected between 2005 and 2013 (n＝11,467) in Hokkaido. Mating patterns were classified according to genotype combinations of sire and maternal grand sire (MGS). There were four different mating patterns: carrier sire and carrier MGS (C × C), carrier sire and normal MGS (C × N), normal sire and carrier MGS (N × C), normal sire and normal MGS (N × N). Least square means of each mating pattern were calculated for all carcass grading and image analysis traits. Comparisons of traits for meat quality, BMS number, marbling area percentage (%) and new fineness index of marbling showed no significant difference between C × C (5.79, 47.11, 77.09) and N × N (6.00, 48.53, 78.09) in steers. Therefore, it is supposed that the IARS mutated gene may have little influence on meat quality of Japanese Black cattle. In addition, carcass weight of C × C was lighter than that of N × N by 27kg in steers. This result suggests that the exclusion of the IARS mutated gene will improve carcass yield without negative impacts on meat quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (323K) -
Takeshi YASUE, Kanae AKIMOTO, Eri HIDESHIMA2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 539-547
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the extensive milking methods under grazing condition on abandoned cultivated land in Japan, the behaviour and milk yield were analyzed when 6 dyad of Saanen does and their kids were temporary restriction of nursing with the udder cover according to their nursing behaviour under natural condition. In the “normal day” when does could nurse to their kids freely and the “cover-wearing day” when does were worn the udder cover during 2-6 h according to their lactation period, total 18 times of 11-hours continuous observations were conducted during 0.8-6.2 month of their lactation. Additionally, milk yield was measured immediately after the observation in the wearing day. The restriction of nursing with the udder cover that did not include the spatial separation between does and kids allowed the stable milk yields (210-360mL/doe) without the negative effects on goats’ salivary cortisol level, does’ aversive behaviour and spatial distribution during grazing time. It was concluded that the extensive milking methods with short-term restriction of nursing with the udder cover was recommendable in grazing goats on abandoned cultivated land.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K)
Technical Reports
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Mai IMANARI, Nobuya SHIBA, Miharu YONAI, Akira WATANABE2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 549-552
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possibilities were studied for adapting commercial TBA test paper (SIBATA SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY LTD), the tester have developed for cooking oil, to the determination of beef lipid oxidation and to the prediction of oxidative stability during storage. Minced beef with a range of TBARS-values was produced by the following treatments: no storage (Treatment-1), storage for 3 days at 4°C (Treatment-2), and storage for one day at 30°C (Treatment-3). The samples were homogenized and the lipid oxidation level was measured by both a conventional method and the color scale (yielding an a＊ value for the CIELAB color scale) of the TBA tester. A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between the TBARS-value and a＊ value, indicating that commercial TBA test paper can be applied to the measurement of lipid oxidation in beef, not only oil. The TBARS-value on Treatment 2 also had a significant (P < 0.001) correlation with the TBARS-value (R2＝0.569) or a＊ value (R2＝0.546) on Treatment 3. These observations suggest that the TBARS-value of beef stored for 3 days at 4°C was predictable from either the TBARS or the a＊ value of beef stored for one day at 30°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Tomoko YASUDA, Idumi TSUCHIYA, Takashi OSADA, Sanki HASEGAWA, Mitsuyos ...2014 Volume 85 Issue 4 Pages 553-563
Published: November 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCH4, N2O and NH3 emissions from a full-scale enclosed vertical composting facility and a wood chip biofilter treating exhaust gas from composting at a pig farm were measured twice (February and October, 2012). Emission factors were calculated from the average amounts of gas emissions and total nitrogen or volatile solids introduced into the composting facility per day. It was estimated that the emission factors from enclosed vertical type of composting were 0.10% (g N2O-N/g total N), 0.06% (g CH4/g volatile solids), and 9.44% (g NH3-N/g total N) for N2O, CH4 and NH3, respectively. The N2O and CH4 emission factors were similar to the Japanese current default values for forced aeration type composting (0.16% and 0.08%, respectively). Although the N2O and CH4 emissions showed decreases of 13% and 71% of the inlet after passing through the biofilter, respectively, only the CH4 reduction in October was significant based on the analysis of variance for a blocked design. The wood chip pH had risen more than pH 8, and NH3 could not be reduced by the biofilter. Both the NH3 concentration and ventilation rate fluctuated in the biofilter inlet gas. Care must be taken to operate composting facilities so as not to exceed the maximum ammonia elimination capacity of the biofilter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1699K)
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