All issues
Volume 86 (2015)
- Issue 4 Pages 441-
- Issue 3 Pages 313-
- Issue 2 Pages 141-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 86, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Original Articles
-
Ayaka MOTOYA, Noritaka ADACHI, Munehiro EBATO, Ryuichi UEGAKI2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 441-448
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the fermentative qualities of forage rice grain silage with added wheat bran, molasses or tofu cake. Rice grain (rough rice and brown rice) as the main material together with wheat bran, molasses or tofu cake as the secondary material were prepared in a laboratory-scale silage and stored for 86 days at 25°C. The fermentative quality of these silages were then evaluated. Silage fermentation in both rough rice and brown rice using any of the secondary materials had progressed ; however, there was some occurrence of fungi in the samples with wheat bran and molasses. We also examined suitable mixing ratios of rice grain and tofu cake for silage fermentation. Rough rice and tofu cake were mixed at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by weight ratio without water addition, and stored for 28 days at 25°C. Their fermentation quality was then evaluated. Our results show that silage fermentation was able to progress in the samples mixed at 25-75% without water addition. Therefore, this range has been determined to be suitable for mixing ratios of rice grain and tofu cake for silage fermentation.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Yuko KAMIYA, Naoki KATO, Ikuo HATTORI, Itoko NONAKA, Masahito TANAKA2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 449-455
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-DCAD corn silage with elevated chloride content on the mineral balance in dry cows. Corn grown at 2 locations was fertilized with either KCl or NH4Cl (Cl fertilization) or K2SO4 and (NH4)2SO4 (SO4 fertilization). The Cl content of corn silage with Cl fertilizer (low-DCAD corn silage) was 5.3g/kg and that of corn silage with SO4 fertilizer (high-DCAD corn silage) was 3.5g/kg. In a 2×2 crossover design, four non-pregnant dry Holstein cows were kept in individual tie stalls and fed either a high-DCAD corn silage diet (High-DCAD Group) or a low-DCAD corn silage diet (Low-DCAD Group). The intake and apparent absorption of Cl in the Low-DCAD Group were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those in the High-DCAD Group. The intakes of K, Na and S in the Low-DCAD Group were significantly lower than those in the High-DCAD Group. There were no significant differences in apparent absorption of K, Na or S between the Low-DCAD Group and the High-DCAD Group. Urinary pH in the Low-DCAD Group was significantly lower than that in High-DCAD cows (8.06 vs. 8.22). Urinary Ca excretion in the Low-DCAD Group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that in the High-DCAD Group.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
Yuri KOBASHI, Makoto SEKI, Satoshi KOMIYAMA, Hisayoshi HIRAGA2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 457-464
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree experiments were conducted to evaluate nutrient composition and rumen digestion characteristics of bean sprouts which were repealed from bean sprout manufacturing company for dairy cow feed. In experiment 1, nutrient compositions of five kinds of bean sprouts : raw, crushed, dewatered (gravity, once screw pressed, and twice screw pressed), were evaluated. The second experiment was to demonstrate usage of 76% formic acid (without lactobacillus) in dewatered bean sprout for extending shelf-life and last experiment was for determining rumen digestion characteristics of bean sprouts. Two dairy cows were used each in situ experiment for determining rumen digestion characteristics. Moisture contents of raw, crushed, gravity, once screw pressed, and twice screw pressed bean sprouts were 94.7%, 89.0%, 83.9%, 74.4%, and 65.8%, respectively. Other nutrient compositions of bean sprouts were approximately similar to alfalfa hay in dry matter (DM) basis. Addition of formic acid (0.25% of FM of bean sprouts) for three days had no negative effects on bean sprouts. In situ experiment resulted that after 4h incubation in rumen, DM disappearance rate of three dewatered bean sprouts in rumen were significantly lower (P<0.05) comparing to timothy hay. The effective degradability of bean sprouts was 43-51% (assuming rate of passage of 0.05/h). These results indicate that dewatered bean sprout is beneficial feedstuff for dairy cow.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Masato NAKAMURA, Kei-ichi NAKAJIMA, Kiyoshi HAYASAKA2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 465-472
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the effects of feeding different total mixed rations (TMR) in early and late lactation on milk production, nutrition, body weight and economic parameters in primiparous dairy cows. Postpartum, 18 primiparous dairy cows were assigned to management groups 1 (n＝9) or 2 (n＝9). All cows were fed TMR ad libitum for 305 days. Group 1 cows were fed TMR consisting of grass silage, concentrate and soybean meal (TDN 72%, CP 18%) for the full lactation period. Group 2 cows were fed this same TMR in early lactation (weeks 1 to 21) but were then switched to another TMR consisting of glass silage and concentrate (TDN 69%, CP15%) in late lactation (weeks 22 to 43). Cows in group 2 showed lower average milk yield, dry matter intake, milk protein percentage and lactation persistency (＝240 days in milk −60 days in milk + 100) in late lactation. Moreover, body weight and body condition score on dry-off day were significantly lower in group 2 cows than in group 1. Average body weight gain over the full lactation in group 2 cows was smaller than standard body weight gain predicted by the Richards growth curve, and these cows showed malnutrition in late lactation. The feed cost of milk production was higher in group 1 than in group 2, but the net income (per-cow milk income minus the costs of concentrate, soybean meal and silage in this group) was 14,000 yen higher over the full lactation. Feeding of a higher TDN and CP ration over the full lactation improved nutritional status and milk production in primiparous dairy cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Saya TANIGUCHI, Mengdong WANG, Shuntaro IKEDA, Hidetugu YOSHIOKA, Hiro ...2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 473-479
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to clarify the effects of dry carrots feeding on colostral immunoglobulin (Ig) contents in 11 Japanese Black cows fed grass silage based diet. Experimental diets were control diet and control diet supplemented with dry carrots (138mg β-carotene /day), and dry carrots were offered from 3 weeks before the expecting calving day to parturition. Plasma β-carotene contents in the control and dry carrot groups at parturition were 378 and 475μg/dL, and plasma and colostral β-carotene contents were not affected by feeding dry carrots. Feeding dry carrots had no effects on IgG, IgA and IgM contents in plasma and colostrum of cows. There was a positive correlation between plasma IgM contents and colostral IgM contents in cows. Colostral IgM contents were positively correlated with colostral IgG or colostral IgA contents, and colostral IgG contents were positively correlated with colostral IgA contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Jun-ichi WAKAMATSU, Ayana KATO, Misako EZOE, Takanori NISHIMURA2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 481-489
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDietary zinc availability of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), which mainly contributes to the color of dry-cured meat products, was examined in rats fed a low-zinc diet (5ppm Zn). Reagent ZnPP (5R) and ZnPP formed in the liver (5L) were used as dietary zinc sources of ZnPP, and zinc sulfate (5S) was used as a dietary inorganic zinc source. Body weight gains in the 5L and 5R groups were significantly lower than those in the 5S group and zinc-sufficiency group (20S ; 20ppm zinc by using zinc sulfate) and were comparable to that in the zinc-deficiency (ZD) group. There were no significant differences in zinc contents in the liver, thymus, skeletal muscle and hair among the groups. However, in the serum, testis, kidney, bone and skin, zinc contents in the 5L and 5R groups were significantly lower or tended to be lower than those in the 20S and 5S groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase activities in the 5L and 5R groups were significantly lower than those in the 20S and 5S groups and were comparable to that in the ZD group. Although there were significant differences in manganese contents in the serum and some tissues, the other mineral contents were not affected by zinc sources or the zinc level. The results suggest that the dietary zinc availability of ZnPP is not higher than that of inorganic zinc.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Saki TEZUKA, Takayuki MURAMOTO2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 491-496
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to examine the effects of immersing solution pH on the physical and chemical properties of Japanese Shorthorn beef. Samples of M. biceps femoris from five Japanese Shorthorn steers were immersed in pH 4.01 standard buffer, pH 6.86 standard buffer, and pH 5.8 distilled water for 24 h. Drip loss, cooking loss, total loss, color values, and texture profiles of muscles were analyzed after immersion. The pH of the immersing solutions had no effects on any of the muscle texture properties. Cooking losses of muscle samples immersed in solutions of pH 4.01 and 6.86 were significantly lower than that of control muscle. However, there were no differences in the total loss between control muscle and the muscle immersed in pH 6.86 standard buffer. The L* value of muscle immersed in distilled water was significantly higher than that of other muscles. The a* value of muscle immersed in each solution was significantly lower than that of control muscle. The a* value and K/S525 of pH 4.01 standard buffer after immersion were significantly lower than those of other solutions.View full abstractDownload PDF (236K) -
Saori KAWAI, Kenji NEKOMOTO, Shinji HOSHIBA, Sigeru MORITA2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 497-504
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMilking centers at dairy farms generate wastewater through the washing of milking units, milk line and bulk cooler. High-performance treatment systems for water purification, such as activated sludge systems, have been used at some large-scale dairy farms but are generally not feasible at almost all dairy farms because of the high costs of construction and maintenance. The aim of this study is reducing the contamination of raw wastewater from milking centers by methods for efficient draining of residual milk in milk lines. Residual milk in the milk lines was drained into the pail after milking by letting it flow down the pipeline naturally or by forcing out the line using compressed air. Removing or reducing residual milk from milk lines as much as possible will be beneficial for low-cost treatment systems for milking center wastewater. Investigation of 7 tie-stall dairy barns (TS) with a pipeline milking system and 10 free-stall dairy barns (FS) with a milking parlor revealed the following. At the TS, the average gradient of the milk lines was 0.34±0.14°, and the average time for capturing residual milk was 14±11 min. At the FS, the average gradient of the milk lines was 0.67±0.19°, and the average time for capturing residual milk was 12±5.2 min. Contamination of milking center wastewater with milk was lower for milking pipelines with a high gradient. On the basis of these results, milking pipeline gradient has more effect on the amount of captured residual milk than the capturing time when capturing residual milk after allowing it to flow naturally down the pipeline. In addition, a laboratory experiment revealed that capturing time has more effect on the amount of captured residual milk than pipeline gradient when removing residual milk with compressed air. Therefore, a high gradient and a long drainage time with compressed air will provide the most effective low-cost treatment system for removing or reducing contaminants in milking center wastewater. On average, 51% of BOD in milking center effluent was reduced when extending the drainage time of residual milk with compressed air to 10 min at 3 dairy farms where 5 min of drainage using compressed air was normally conducted. At dairy farms, therefore, extending the drainage time for residual milk with compressed air might be a feasible means to improve the removal efficiency of residual milk while reducing the contaminants of milking center effluent.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K)
Technical Reports
-
Hiroshi NOZUKI, Takahiro OBARA, Shigeyuki ARAI, Kazuhisa MUKAI2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 505-510
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSupply of chicken meat with higher demand in winter season is affected by the production of commercial fertilized eggs for “Aomori shamo-rock” under the environmental temperature in summer season. Effect of 1% trehalose to the mixed feed on egg production performance and hatchability was examined using the parent chickens which has been cross-breeding with female “early feathering barred plymouth rock” and male “barred shamo”. The test group was trehalose addition group and non-addition group as a control, test period was 292 days from 140 (April, 2010) days of age up to 432 (January, 2011) days of age. As a result, as compared with the control group, the percentage of normal eggs in the total number of spawning during the test period in the trehalose group was significantly higher and it was remarkable from summer through late spawning. In addition, in the hatchability test of the commercial-eggs stored for two weeks, the fertilization rate and the hatching rate at high temperature in trehalose group was significantly higher and the tendency was also observed in long-term storage of them in the trehalose group compared with that of the control group. Therefore, these findings suggest that supplementation of trehalose to the mixed feed leads to improvement of commercial-egg productivity, egg quality and maintenance of hatchability.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 511-514
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2015 Volume 86 Issue 4 Pages 515-519
Published: November 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|