地球化学
Online ISSN : 2188-5923
Print ISSN : 0386-4073
ISSN-L : 0386-4073
11 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
報文
  • 角皆 静男, 品川 高儀
    1977 年 11 巻 1 号 p. 1-8
    発行日: 1977/06/30
    公開日: 2016/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The both materials of sea salt and of continental origin are extremely concentrated in snow over Japan facing the Sea of Japan. The annualy averaged concentration of chemical components in precipitation is controlled by the distance from the coast, the wind velocity or the frequency of violent storms and the absolute humidity of the source air mass which depends on the air temperature. Among these the effect of violent storms is the strongest. The strong winter-monsoon is the cause of the high concentration in precipitation over the coastal area of the Sea of Japan. There is a discontinuity in the yearly fall rates of chemical components such as Pb-210 between the both sides of the Japanese Islands and thus a model of the atmosphere having more than two layers is necessary to explain the behavior of the atmospheric chemical components.
  • 石神 工, 鈴木 励子
    1977 年 11 巻 1 号 p. 9-13
    発行日: 1977/06/30
    公開日: 2016/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The genetic conditions of calcareous sinters were studied with special reference to their crystalline form. The samples investigated were collected from Kunimi Hot Springs, Iwate Pref., and some other springs in Japan. In addition to the solution temperature and the magnesium concentration in solution, the supersaturation with calcium carbonate may be of assistance in the prediction of crystalline forms. A high degree of supersaturation favors the formation of aragonite, independently of the solution temperature. This is well exemplified by the sinters from Kunimi Hot Springs, where pure aragonitic deposits are forming at a temperature of 31.5℃ from hot spring water with a high activity product and a high Mg/Ca ratio.
  • 日下部 実, 蔦木 泰宏, 吉田 稔
    1977 年 11 巻 1 号 p. 14-23
    発行日: 1977/06/30
    公開日: 2016/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The D/H and 18O/16O ratios of volcanic steam from 18 active volcanoes located over the Japanese islands have been measured. From the δD versus δ18O diagram three distinct isotopic features can be recognized; (A) low temperature steam with the isotope ratios similar to those of local meteoric water, (B) high temperature steam with only oxygen isotope shift, and (C) volcanic steam with both oxygen and hydrogen isotope shift. The samples categorized as (C) are the most in number and those as (B) are rather limited. The group (A) can simply be interpreted as an evaporation product of hot water reservoir at the boiling point. Oxygen isotopic exchange between water and rocks at high temperatures is responsible for the group (B). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope exchange between water and hydrous-silicate-bearing-rocks such as altered volcanic rocks underlying the Quaternary volcanoes could give the last isotopic feature (C). A positive correlation has been observed between chlorine content and oxygen isotope shift of volcanic steam studied here.
総説
  • 半田 暢彦
    1977 年 11 巻 1 号 p. 24-36
    発行日: 1977/06/30
    公開日: 2016/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Organic matter in sea water is ultimately derived from various species of marine plants and river run-off abd airborne materials of terrestrial origin. Direct addition of organic matter especially due to the direct drainage and oil spill is also important source for organic matter in sea water. Recent advances of the studies on the chemistry and biochemistry of the particulate organic matter in sea water clearly indicate that almost of the organic materials produced by photosynthetic reaction of phytoplankton is decayed until the particulate matter has been reached to the bottom of the ocean floor. This fact suggests that the processes of primary production may not be contributed so much to the input of organic matter to the ocean. Average concentration of organic carbon in river water is estimated to be 10mgC/1. Thus, annual input of organic matter to the ocean can be calculated as 3.0x1014gC. However, several workers have stated that the contribution of the dissoved organic matter in the rivers to the ocean must be ignor because of rapid precipitation of the organic matter during the mixing processes of river water with sea water. The organic matter carried by winds may be somewhat more important to contribute to the organic matter in the ocean comparing river system. The isolation, identification and elucidation of the organic matter from airborne particles of urban areas and from exhaust gases derived from the internal combution engines have been developed extensively last decade. Very limitted information as to the contribution of these organic compounds to the ocean are available at present time. Organic materials from the land sources must be transported to the ocean by mainly the trade winds since pesticides and PCBs have been determined in marine aerosols collected from Barbados, a remote Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Quantitative estimation of the contribution of airborne particulate organic matter to the ocean is an important problem to solve in future in view of the mass-balance of the organic matter in the ocean.
  • 小沼 直樹
    1977 年 11 巻 1 号 p. 37-49
    発行日: 1977/06/30
    公開日: 2016/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Direct information about the atmosphere and surface of Mars have been yielded by the two unmanned Viking Missions. Scientific investigations were carried out of the atmospheric composition, the surface elemental abundance, the atmospheric water vapor, meterological conditions and direct tests for organic material and living organisms. The results obtained from 20 June until 11 November 1976 are briefly summarized.
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