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Volume 13 (1979)
- Issue 2 Pages 25-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 13, Issue 2
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Original Papers
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Reiko SUZUKI1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 25-31
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost of the mineral springs found in the Abukuma Plateau are characterized by a low mineralization and a high pH, the waters being formed by a prolonged contact of granitic rocks with meteoric waters at low temperatures. The waters contain some fluoride, which is considered as derived from the rocks. With increasing pH, the F concentration also in- creases, with the highest value of 1.36 mg/l at the Aoba Mineral Spring, located near the Futaba Fault. The mineral spring waters issuing from the Ryoke Zone in Shikoku are similar to those from the Abukuma Plateau in the bulk chemical composition, but differ greatly in the F concentration. Those from the Ryoke Zone are much higher in the F concentration than those from the Abukuma Plateau, reflecting the difference in the F content between the granitic rocks from the Ryoke Zone and the Abukuma Plateau.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K) -
Shoichi AIZAWA, Hideo AKAIWA1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 32-40
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe boron contents were determined by the methylene blue-1, 2-dichloroethane spectrophotometric method for fiftyseven sedimentary rock samples, and the availability of the element as a geochemical indicator for depositional paleoenvironment was discussed. On the average, the boron content is about 40ppm higher in the marine shales than in the terrestrial ones. The above difference becomes clearer on the illite fraction of the samples. It was, however, found that the boron content of the illite fraction of the Poronai formation samples differs significantly from that of the Wakanabe one, though these two formations had presumably been deposited under similar marine environment. The difference in the boron content of both formations could not be explained by the simple incorporation of boron into sediments from sea water during sedimentation. The above discrepancy may best be understood by assuming that the illite in the Poronai samples had contained considerable amounts of inherited boron before sedimentation. As a whole, boron may be useful to discriminate marine argillaceous sedimentary rocks from freshwater ones. However, the only negative feature for the element as a paleoenvironmental indicator is that a remarkable amount of inherited boron derived mainly from clay minerals could possibly be contained even in the sedimentary rocks of terrestrial origin.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Bokuichiro TAKANO1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 41-46
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPartition of a microcomponent (C) between solid solution consisting of two macrocomponents (A) and (B), and aqueous solution has been formulated as,
In DCAB=xAInPCA+(1-xA)InPCB + (xA-α)InDAAB+gEAB/RT
where DCAB represents the partition coefficient of microcomponent C of a solid solution, (A, B)N; PCA and PCB stand for the coefficients of C between AN (or BN) and aqueous solution, respectively, referred to the asymmetrical standard state system; DAAB is the coefficient of A between BN and solution, referred to the symmetrical standard state system; gEAB is the excess free energy of mixing for the solid solution, (A, B)N, which is here assumed to be a regular solid solution; xA is the mole fraction of A in the solid solution; α is the parameter of substitution of any A in the solid for a C in aqueous solution in the following ion ex- change equilibrium,
Caq+αANss+(1-α)BNss=αAaq+(1-α)Baq+CNss
where subscripts, aq and ss, refer to aqueous and solid solution phases, respectively. The value of can be obtained from
a/(1-α)=(kfAC)/(kfBC)•(xA)/(1-xA)=(kbAC)/(kbBC)•(yA)/(1-yA) (0≤α≤1)
where kfAC and kfBC represent the second order forward rate constants, and kbAC and kbBC, the corresponding backward rate constants of the following ion exchange equilibrium,
[numerical formula]
and yA represents the mole fraction of A in solution. These formula were applied to ion exchange equilibrium systems with a cation exchange resion and aqueous phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Masahiro OCHIAI, Takahisa HANYA1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 47-50
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe change in monosaccharide constituting the dissolved carbohydrates (DCHO) in the surface water of Lake Nakanuma, eutrophic lake in Japan, was traced by GLC method during decomposition experiment. It was estimated whether DCHO was labile or resistant for microbial decomposition from the view of monosaccharide composition. The DCHO in Lake Nakanuma water was decomposed more preferentially than the whole of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the productive season. Among the DCHO glucose and galactose were decomposed more easily than the other monosaccharides in the lake water.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Hiromi HON-NAMI, Shuichi YAMAMOTO, Takahisa HANYA1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 51-55
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLinear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in surface waters of the Tama River and estuaries of rivers which discharge into the Tokyo Bay and the Tokyo Bay were determined by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compositions of LAS homologues in the aquatic environments were compared. The composition of LAS varied among commercial detergents, the river and estuary waters and the bay water. The proportion of LAS in the river waters were higher than those in the commercial detergents for C10 and C11 LAS, and were lower for C12 and C13 LAS. The compositions of LAS in the estuary waters were similar to those in the river waters. On the other hand, the proportions of C10 and C11 LAS in the bay water were low, and those of C12 and C13 LAS were high compared with those in the river and estuary waters. The factor effecting the variation in the LAS composition among the aquatic environments is discussed on the basis of the results of the laboratory experiments of the biodegradation and the adsorption of LAS.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Toshiaki SUGIURA, Nobuhiko HANDA1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 56-60
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSediment trap system was deployed in Lake Kizaki for about two weeks in various seasons to collect the fresh sediments. Vertical and seasonal variabilities of flux of particulate matter was measured. The fresh sediments collected were fractionated into various size fractions by the wet sieving and the fractions were analyzed for various organic materials to predict the source of these organic materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Minako TERASHIMA1980 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 61-64
Published: March 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 15, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe stratigraphical study of amino acids in the quaternary marine sediments provides information about the paleoenviroment and the history of the continental shelf. There are large differences in the concentration and composition of amino acids in the muddy core sediments from the Danjo Basin and the continental shelf of China Continent, mainly due to the differences in the quantity of organic matter supply, composition of source materials, sedimentary environments and diagenetic changes in both areas. The amino-acid composition of carbonate sediments are characterized by a low content of basic amino acids, remarkably high concentration of acidic amino acids and trace amounts of nonprotein amino acids. The differences of amino acid composition between muddy and carbonate sediments are mainly caused by the differences of amino-acids composition of source materials (carbonate sediments-calcified protein, muddy sediments-plankton and soil organic matter). High values of the D-alloisoleucine to L-isoleucine ratio in the surface sediments reveal that relict sediments are extensively distributed in the continental shelf of the East China Sea and that the sea level has changed in the Pleistocene-Holocene age.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K)
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