巻号一覧
46 巻 (2012)
- 4 号 p. 189-
- 3 号 p. 137-
- 2 号 p. 79-
- 1 号 p. 1-
46 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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特集「東日本大震災から1年」特別寄稿
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海老原 充2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 79-86
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーOn March 11 in 2011, a great earthquake hit the eastern part of mainland Japan and triggered several gigantic tsunami waves, which destroyed the coastal areas in Tohoku and north Kanto districts facing the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake and a tsunami fatally damaged the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) and took over the nuclear reactors. Eventually a large amount of radioactive materials was released into the environment. Radioactive nuclides were detected in a wide area including remote areas such as the Kanto district and metropolitan Tokyo. Some radioactive nuclides were detected in the United States and in some European countries, implying that radioactive materials released into the atmosphere and oceans were carried by global atmospheric and oceanic circulations all over the world. The Geochemical Society of Japan (GSJ) initiated several actions soon after the earthquake and the FDNPP accident. For instance, in response to the society's appeal, many GSJ members joined the project to map the distribution of several radioactive nuclides in soil samples in the Fukushima Prefecture. The members' contributions led to the creation of several distribution maps of radioactive nuclides, such as 134,137Cs, 131I, and 132Te, trapped in soils in Fukushima. Another approach was to set the occasion for presenting the members' activities related to the FDNPP accident. For instance, the GSJ proposed to organize special sessions on research activities related to the FDNPP accident on the occasions of the 2011 Goldschmidt Conference and 2011 Annual Meeting of the GSJ. In this article, how the GSJ have been grappling with the PDNPP accident was chronologically described, especially from a viewpoint of an alliance with other organizations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1083K)
特集「東日本大震災から1年」総説
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加藤 愛太郎2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 87-98
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーThe 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Tohoku-Oki), Japan, was the first magnitude (M) 9 subduction megathrust event to be recorded by a dense network of seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations. I here review the Tohoku-Oki earthquake in terms of, 1) asperity model, 2) earthquake source observations, 3) precedent processes, 4) postseismic slip (afterslip). Based on finite source models of the Tohoku-Oki mainshock, the coseismic fault slip exceeded 30 m at shallow part of the subduction zone off-shore of Miyagi. The rupture reached the trench axis, producing a large uplift therein, which was likely an important factor generating devastating tsunami waves. The mainshock was preceded by slow-slip transients propagating toward the initial rupture point, which may have caused substantial stress loading, prompting the unstable dynamic rupture of the mainshock. Furthermore, a sequence of M 7-class interplate earthquakes and subsequent large afterslip events, those occurred before the mainshock rupture, might be interpreted as preparation stage of the earthquake generation. Most of slip released by the postseismic deformation following the Tohoku-Oki mainshock is located in the region peripheral to the large coseismic slip area.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2798K) -
鶴田 治雄, 中島 映至2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 99-111
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーMassive radioactive materials were released into the atmosphere after the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FD1NPP) caused by the Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami on 11 March 2011, and transported and deposited to the land surface in a regional scale. A large amount of dataset has been opened such as the routine monitoring of radiation dose, fallout, and the regional map of radionuclides deposited to the surface soils by an intensive field measurement and aircraft monitoring by MEXT. In contrast, continual field measurements for atmospheric radioactivity were made only at seven stations in the Kanto area, while they are necessary to evaluate the initial radiation exposure, to validate results of atmospheric transport models, and to estimate the emission inventory of radionuclides. In this review, the following five points are introduced. (1) Summary of release rate estimation from the FD1NPP by the combination of WSPEEDI-II with atmospheric radioactivity of 131I and 137Cs and radiation dose. (2) The possible mechanisms of many peaks of radiation dose during 11-16 March 2011 which were measured at the monitoring posts near the FD1NPP. (3) Possible mechanism of regional transport and the surface deposition of radionuclides. (4) Summary of atmospheric 131I in aerosols and gases, and 131I/137Cs in the atmospheric radioactivity. (5) An intensive one-year field measurement of atmospheric radioactivity of 137Cs at Fukushima and Koriyama since May 2011.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7026K)
企画総説「地球化学の最前線」
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高野 淑識, 力石 嘉人, 大河内 直彦2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 113-128
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーSince the first classification by Woese and Fox (1977), Archaea, one of three domains of life, had been originally believed to exist in extreme environments including high temperature, high salinity, low oxygen concentration. However, recent advances in molecular and phylogenic approaches revealed their widespread distribution in marine and terrestrial environment including deep subsurface biosphere. The planktonic and benthic archaeal assemblages include two major phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. The novel phylum have been also proposed recently as Thaumarchaota, Korarchaota, and Nanoarchaeota. To elucidate unknown archaeal ecology, we evaluated intra-molecular isotopic composition to focus into archaeal membrane lipid biosynthesis using 13C-tracing techniques. The novel molecular diagnosis showed heterogenous 13C-incorporation driven by salvage (recycling) and de novo pathways in energy-limited environment such as deep-sea environments. Here, we reviewed the recent knowledge of prokaryotic ecology and biogeochemistry from intra-molecular isotopic signatures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6876K)
博士論文抄録
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内藤 裕一2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 129-
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (226K) -
クンドゥ シュバシシュ2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 130-131
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (220K) -
鈴木 和博2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 132-133
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (294K) -
朝比奈 健太2012 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 134-135
発行日: 2012/07/16
公開日: 2017/02/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (297K)
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