本稿では,特別養護老人ホームの施設選択をめぐる選好と実際の入所行動とのギャップをアンケート調査から解明し,そこから施設立地のあり方に関する一つの価値基準を提示することを目的とした。研究対象の岐阜県東濃老人保健福祉圏域における特別養護老人ホームに関する入所先の選択要因を見ると,家庭での介護力の限界などに起因する早期の入所達成に対する緊急的必要性や精神的逼迫によって,考慮する選択項目がより受動的になりがちであった。これに対して,回答者による将来の理想的な入所選択のあり方を見ると,施設のソフト・ハード両面に渡る入所後の生活の質に直結する側面を十分に考慮した姿勢が明確であった。このような施設選択をめぐる理想的選好と実際の入所行動とのギャップは,施設に関する情報の少なさや,依然として慢性的に不足する施設のベッド数と,多くの待機者数や待機期間の長さとして現れる需給のアンバランスに起因している。しかし,理想と現実の狭間にありながらも空間的近接性に関する志向は一貫して重要な条件として捉えられていることが明らかとなった。この点をふまえると,施設のサービス提供能力を新規立地という方法によって劇的に増加させることが財政的制約ゆえに現実的でない以上は,施設の立地配分に関して現行の市町村の枠組みを基礎とした格差緩和に向けた政策的配慮の必要性が指摘てきよう。

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In Japanese geographical studies, there were few perspectives to political process except for election studies. Especially studies of social movements have been disregarded from geographers. But political geographers in Anglophone countries tried to analyze for social movements as well as other political problems in 1990's. This study aimed at clarification to studies of social movements by geographers. Those discussions are mainly from sociological studies. In addition to this point, foreign geographical studies influenced to Japanese geographers on the debate of urban social movements and new social movements. At the first, sociological studies are objects in the discussion of social movement. In 1960's two-renewal concepts, which are the theory of new social movements and the resource mobilization theory were introduced. The reason why the new type of social movements arise is the old type of social movements, socialism or labor movement, had transited in renewal style because of the industrialization process and so on. Research points also changed. Thus a new wave of the theory of social movements that born in European and American countries introduced to Japanese sociology. Secondary, new urban sociology was begun by Castells (1977). He applied Marxist urban theory to urban question in Paris. This approach applied to other social movements and urban sociologists used its study method. The theory of urban social movements appeared on the discussion. Gradually sociological debates on social movement came to Japanese sociologist and foreign geographers. Thirdly the relation of social movements studies and geographers is examined. Radical geography is the first impression of social movements to them. Takeuchi (1980) mentioned that Bunge coped with community movement in his style and Harvey challenged Marxist approach to urban inequality. These studies are viewed the political attitudes of geographer at that time. As to Japanese geographer produced some social movement study, too. Next happening occurred in 1990's. Some Political geographers structured a geographical viewpoint to social movements. Smith (1994) dealt with social movements in the textbook of human geography. 0nly one paragraph was given on it. However Painter (1995) used one chapter for social movements study. He explained the theory of social movement and the appliance to experiential studies in geography. Agnew (1997) reviewed geographical studies on social movements. He gathered election studies with political movements and anti-military movement with social movements. Then case studies were showed by Routledge (1993) and Miller (2000). They take social movements with a geogaphical approach. It can be pointed out that those studies are influenced by the sociological theory of social movements. Geographical concepts were applied for actual social movements. That study has originality in geographical works. Lately Japanese geographers tried to study on the politics of place as same as social movements. They are environment, gender, modernization, urbanization, and pollution problems. Social movement studies are just getting to place on Japanese geographical society. It is expected that theoretical and practical study on social movements will develop.

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