地理科学
Online ISSN : 2432-096X
Print ISSN : 0286-4886
ISSN-L : 0286-4886
59 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 森川 洋
    原稿種別: 本文
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 233-255
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー

    This paper aims to present a case study for municipal reform by investigating the current situation of the municipal system in Saxony. This system is characterized by an urgently needed improvement in infrastructure and by a continually decreasing population. A study of such a municipal system will help us to understand the principle and methods of current municipal amalgamations in Japan. After the unification of Germany, municipalities in the new states that lacked self-government for more than half a century, rapidly reorganized their administrative areas and functions. The Saxony Ministry of the Interior decided to form one-tier (Einheitsgemeinde) or two-stage municipalities (Gemeinde-verbande), with a minimum population of 8, 000 in highly populated areas and with more than 5, 000 inhabitants in rural areas, and at the same time making efforts to abolishing member municipalities with less than 1, 000 inhabitants. Ever since the municipal system of the state of Baden-Wurtemberg was introduced as a model in the state of Saxony, municipalities are now characterized by two types of two-stage municipalities: administrative communities (Verwaltungsgemeinschafi) and administrative unions (Verwaltungsverband). An administrative union consists of a union of member municipalities. An administrative community, however, is an organization of municipalities that entrust a part of the administrative functions of member municipalities to a large town called the fulfilling municipality (erfullende Gemeinde). The type of two-stage municipality is selected according to geographical and historical conditions in the municipal groups. If there is a large central town within the area, an administrative community is formed, whereas an administrative union is usually formed in rural areas lacking a central place. In the state of Saxony, however, it is remarkable that there are more administrative communities than administrative unions, unlike the situation in states such as Baden-Wurtemberg and Thuringia. In addition, owing to the core administration (Kernverwaltung) being in the office of the administrative union or in a fulfilling municipality in Saxony, only small sections of the administration remain in a member municipality, unlike the situation in the state of Baden-Wurtemberg. In the municipalities of new states that depend substantially on the normal state subsidy (Schlusselzuweisungeri) due to lower taxable incomes, strengthening their financial power is considered to be an important factor for the municipalities, to rapidly improve their infrastructure. As a result, in the future we can expect an increase in one-tier municipalities based on amalgamations in the future, because they are more profitable. This is based on economic reasons such as administrative efficiency, decreasing administrative costs, and increasing state subsidy. Moreover, the continual decrease in population will lead to an increase in one-tier municipalities. Naturally, there are opposite opinions expressing concern about the weakened rights of self-government that had been finally gained after a long time, anxiety for the future after amalgamation, and the retrenchment of many mayors and councilors. Conversely, the difficulties of administering two-stage municipalities might encourage a shift to one-tier municipalities. During the last thirty years there were hardly any municipalities in the old German states that shifted from the two-stage to the the one-tier system. Although two-stage municipalities are certainly not so financially efficient as one-tier ones, it was considered important for citizens to maintain the concept of self-government as symbolized by the words Burgerndhe and Ubersichtbarkeit. Here, we can recognize the obvious contrast in municipal administrations between the old and the new states of Germany. The principle of proceeding with municipal reform in Saxony is also different from current

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  • メンドーザ リザリン・J
    原稿種別: 本文
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 256-279
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    フィリピンにおける教育課題の重要な分野は,学校,教職員,生徒をいかに世界の動静に結びつけるかにある。今や,世界の情報通信技術は著しい発展を見せている。この現代の知識社会の学校教育では,学習者がこれらのあたらしい情報通信技術を有効に活用する能力を育成し,また情報溢れる世界で豊かに生きるための批判的思考力を養うことが,緊急の課題になっている。本研究の目的は,インターネットの教育現場への導入が,フィリピンの中等学校社会科地理の教授と学習にどう有効であるのかを,施設・設備の整備状況も考慮しながら明らかにすることであった。資料として,事側杖の教師と生徒を対象とし,地理授業を通してのコンピューターとインターネットの活用状況を,活用の利便性,活用する情報の適切性,インターネットによる情報の活用が,どう地理授業の効果を高めるか等についてアンケート調査を実施した。なお,調査は,フィリピンのパンガシナン州にある6校の公立の中等学校において,2001年9月に実施した。本研究から,フィリピンの中等学校では,教師も生徒もインターネットの活用が地理の教授学習活動に効果があると認めているものの,その環境の整備が立ち遅れているため,当面の課題は,教師と生徒の両方にとって,インターネットヘのアクセス環境の充実とその活用能力の一層の向上を図る必要があることが明らかとなった。
  • 荒木 一視
    原稿種別: 本文
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 280-291
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the 1990s, India's economy has been growing rapidly. Consequently, there have been changes in the demand and supply of food in India. The changes are particularly pronounced in urban areas, where the living standard has improved considerably and the population has increased. Herein, the author reports the latest trends of vegetable production in India and the supply system of these vegetables to Delhi. The author investigated the Azadpur Fruit and Vegetable Market in Delhi, which is reputed to be the biggest in Asia, and other institutions concerned with agricultural marketing. The author found: (1) More vegetables whose freshness is seen as important are being produced. Peas, tomatoes and cauliflower are good examples. Arrivals of vegetables from suburban areas have decreased and arrivals from remote states have increased in spite of the high cost of transportation. As a background it is reasonable to point out that their retail prices are relatively high, reflecting improvements in the living standards of the urban residents. (2) Strong shipping centers like Nasik, which supplies fresh tomatoes to Delhi, have emerged. In this case high productivity of new centers has overcome the cost of transportation. These developments of production can be recognized as efficient supply systems to meet the ever-expanding urban food demands of Delhi.
  • 成瀬 厚
    原稿種別: 本文
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 292-293
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 294-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 目次
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 295-296
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 目次
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. 297-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. App3-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. App4-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2004 年 59 巻 4 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 2004/10/28
    公開日: 2017/04/15
    ジャーナル フリー
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