-
Shinji Toyota, Tomohiro Hakamata, Naoya Nitta, Fumiko Ito
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
206-207
Published: 2004
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The enantiomers of [2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl](pentafluoropropionyloxy)phenylborane were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC as a new type of intramolecular amine–borane complex with a chiral center at the tetrahedral boron atom. The X-ray structure, the barrier to racemization, and the chiroptical properties are reported.
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Norihito Yamaguchi, Shogo Shimazu, Nobuyuki Ichikuni, Takayoshi Uemats ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
208-209
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Novel nano-structured clays were synthesized from cation exchange reaction by the intercalation of rhodium complexes with ligand spacers into clay. Expansion of interlayer space of the modified clays depends on the spacers. A unique conformation of pillar complexes was detected by cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR.
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Youhei Yamamoto, Michito Shiotsuka, Sigeru Okuno, Satoru Onaka
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
210-211
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First anionic bis(ethynylphenanthroline)gold(I) complex and neutral diethynylphenanthroline–digold(I) complex have demonstrated an intense phosphorescence which is assignable to
3π–π
*(C≡C) emission even at room temperature. It is appropriate to highlight the role of gold(I) coordination which enables the spin–orbit coupling and facilitates the observation of triplet emissions.
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Naohiko Shimada, Reiko Iwase, Tetsuji Yamaoka, Akira Murakami
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
212-213
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In order to create RNA-binding peptides, we designed peptides based on the sequence information of the RNA-binding proteins and selected them using affinity chromatography. The five peptides out of 42 peptides were efficiently selected. The selected peptides containing Asn and Arg could recognize the RNA structure with the binding pocket such as the internal loop or G•U wobble pair.
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Yoichi Kikuchi, Kayoko Haramoto, Shunsuke Mochizuki, Akihiro Wakisaka
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
214-215
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The complex formation of alkali metal ion (Li
+ or Na
+) with 18-crown-6 in an acetone–water mixed solvent was studied by means of the specially designed mass spectrometer. The Li
+–18-crown-6 complex can hold one H
2O in its cavity in the mixed solvent, whereas the Na
+–18-crown-6 complex hardly holds an H
2O.
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Xiaqin Wang, Kensuke Naka, Hideaki Itoh, Yoshiki Chujo
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
216-217
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Self-organized nanocomposites of functionalized gold nanoparticles with octa(3-aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane were prepared via electrostatic interaction between carboxylate groups and ammonium cations under mild basic conditions. Subsequent chemical reaction between the reactive ion couples well-defined in the nanocomposites generated amide bonds between the two components.
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Kenji Suzuki, Hiroshi Masuhara
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
218-219
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We have developed a modified fluorescence interference contrast microscopy (FICM) that facilitates height measurement of soft structures of lipid membranes in nm-scale. The resolution of the method was examined by measuring depth of micropits on glass substrates covered with bilayer lipid membranes, and then thickness of giant membrane lobes was measured as a practical example of soft structures.
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Sirilux Poompradub, Masatoshi Tosaka, Shinzo Kohjiya, Yuko Ikeda, Shig ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
220-221
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By using a powerful synchrotron X-ray radiation, lattice deformation of strain-induced crystallites in carbon-black-filled natural rubber with nominal stress was clarified. The degree of deformation of the unit cell became smaller by filling with carbon black. This result implies that as some local stress was transferred to carbon black, relatively less stress was apportioned to strain-induced crystallites.
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Yoshitaka Ito, Kazunori Mitsuo, Keisuke Asai, Ichiro Okura, Tetsuo Saj ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
222-223
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Pressure sensitive thin films of platinum porphyrin with a polymer binder are prepared by the micelle disruption method using redox-active surfactants with an azobenzene group. Much thinner films can be prepared by this method than conventional methods, which provide a quick time response to pressure changes. Furthermore, the thin films prepared by this method show a good linearity in the Stern–Volmer plot and a high sensitivity to pressure.
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Osamu Moriya, Shin-ichi Yamamoto, Takeo Kumon, Toshifumi Kageyama, Ats ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
224-225
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From the polysilsesquioxane having phenyl groups and diethyldithiocarbamate groups served as the photoiniferters, the graft derivative (
4) was obtained by the polymerization with
N,
N-dimethylacrylamide under UV irradiation without gelation. The effects of the grafting on physical properties were shown in the measurements of thermal stability and contact angle of
4.
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Wen-Jie Tian, Yoshihiro Sasaki, Atsushi Ikeda, Jun-ichi Kikuchi, Sheng ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
226-227
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Functionalized lipid membrane, on which enzymatic activity was switched by a lipid signal, was constructed by self-assembling of the following components in aqueous media; a cationic peptide lipid as a bilayer-forming matrix, dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine as a lipid signal, lactate dehydrogenase as a membrane-binding effector, and Cu
2+ ion as a mediator between the signal and the effector. Upon addition of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate as a signal activator, specific binding of the activator to the lipid signal induced activation of the enzyme.
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Weifeng Liu, Chuangui Jin, Chong Jia, Lianzeng Yao, Weili Cai, Xiaogua ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
228-229
Published: 2004
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CdS nanobelts were successfully synthesized by rapidly evaporating CdS nanoparticles. The nanobelts are single crystals with a hexagonal structure growing along the [001] direction. Photoluminescence measurement shows that the nanobelts have two emission bands around 517 and 735 nm, which should come from the intrinsic transition and the V
s+ vacancies, respectively.
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YooJin Kim, YunJu Park, Duk-Young Jung, Sangjun Oh, Dae Sung Kim, Jung ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
230-231
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The 3-D structure of Fe(II) glutarate is built up from 2-D honeycomb layers of 12-membered FeO
6 polyhedra and pillar-like interlayer FeO
6 interconnected by Fe–O–C–O–Fe bridging modes, presenting ferrimagnetic coupling below 5 K.
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Munenori Numata, Masayoshi Asai, Kenji Kaneko, Teruaki Hasegawa, Norif ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
232-233
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We have found that s-SPG and curdlan are capable of wrapping SWNTs and the “periodical” helical structure is created, reflecting the helical nature of the SPG main-chain, on the SWNTs surface. The novel SWNTs/β-1,3-glucan composites were characterized by TEM and AFM, which consistently support the view that these β-1,3-glucans wrap SWNTs, creating a helical higher-order structure.
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Masumi Taki, Kazunari Taira
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
234-235
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Luminescent lanthanide chelator and pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes were synthesized and conjugated only to a terminal site of a protein through mild enzymatic reaction.
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Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Taiyo Shiokawa, Osamu Morikawa, Hisatoshi Konishi
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
236-237
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A simple and efficient synthesis of 1-alkyl(or aryl)isoquinoline and isoquinolin-1-amine derivatives based on intramolecular cyclization of 2-(2-methoxyethenyl)benzonitriles initiated by the addition of alkyl(or aryl)lithiums and lithium dialkylamides to the nitrile carbons, respectively, is described.
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Yasuo Yamamoto, Kenzo Harimaya
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
238-239
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SF2809-V, chymase inhibitor, was synthesized by a three component reaction and its sixteen analogs were also synthesized to establish a method for preparation of a chymase inhibitor library.
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Yuuichi Miyamoto, Yoshiaki Suzuki, Takashi Meguro, Masaya Iwaki
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
240-241
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Photosensitized HeLa cells receiving high-intensity pulsed laser irradiation exhibited pores on the membrane surface. We attempted to deliver FITC-labeled dextran (71.6 kDa) into the cell cytoplasm. The ratio of FITC-positive cells in photodynamic-treated HeLa cells was significantly higher than that of non-treated HeLa cells, with no loss in cell viability.
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Yukihito Nakazawa, Takeo Sasaki
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
242-243
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The photorefractive properties of mixtures of a ferroelectric liquid crystal and photoconductive polymers were investigated by two-beam coupling experiments. A photorefractive effect based on reorientation of spontaneous polarization was induced in these mixtures. Asymmetric energy exchange was observed in the Bragg diffraction condition and gain coefficients of 10–15 cm
−1 were obtained. It was found that the internal electric field was efficiently formed in polymer/FLC mixtures.
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Xuanjun Zhang, Qingrui Zhao, Yupeng Tian, Yi Xie
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
244-245
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In large-scale and high yields hollow palladium nanospheres with different scales were fabricated by template-free approach in one step at room temperature. The hollow nanospheres were found to form from the aggregation of small palladium nanoparticles.
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Tetsushi Yamamoto, Yuji Wada, Hiromitsu Miyamoto, Shozo Yanagida
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
246-247
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We succeeded in preparing green-photoluminescent zinc oxide (ZnO) by microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction in air. This method enables us to control the maximum green-PL intensity by changing the percentage of carbon reacted under microwave irradiation for only 2 min at 650 W.
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J. S. Yadav, B. V. S. Reddy, A. K. Basak, A. V. Narsaiah
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
248-249
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A variety of cyclic and acyclic ketones underwent readily oxidation with
m-chloroperbenzoic acid (
m-CPBA) in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim]BF
4 to afford esters/lactones with high selectivity, ease of product separation and in excellent chemical yields. The reaction proceeded smoothly in ionic liquid without the need of any additional acid or base catalyst. The ketones show enhanced reactivity in ionic liquids thereby reducing reaction times and improving the yields significantly.
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Aitha Vishwa Prasad, Haruyuki Makio, Junji Saito, Mitsuhiko Onda, Teru ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
250-251
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Highly isospecific propylene polymerization was achieved by bis(phenoxy-imine) Zr and Hf complexes combined with
iBu
3Al/Ph
3CB(C
6F
5)
4. Microstructural analyses of the isotactic polymers suggested that the polymerization probably proceeds via a site-control mechanism with a 1,2-insertion of propylene. Among the complexes examined, Hf complex
2 produced the highest tacticity polypropylene ([
mmmm] 96.8%,
Tm 165.1 °C) that is comparable to that made by the best heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.
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Kazushige Anzai, Hiroki Fukumoto, Takakazu Yamamoto
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
252-253
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Reactions of alkyl and phenyl Grignard reagents with 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline led to alkylation and phenylation at the 2-position of 1,10-phenanthroline. The prepared 2-alkyl-1,10-phenanthroline forms a 1:1 complex with Cu(II) and serves as a starting material for poly(2-alkyl-1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl).
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Tadashi Mori, Makoto Takamoto, Hideaki Saito, Takahiro Furo, Takehiko ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
254-255
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Labile cyclohexadienones were isolated for the first time in good yields in the photo-Fries rearrangement of partially blocked naphthyl esters. Upon direct excitation at 313 nm, 1,4-dimethylnaphth-2-yl and 2,4-dimethylnaphth-1-yl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoates afforded 1-acyl-2-naphthalenone and 2- and 4-acyl-1-naphthalenones, respectively. This isolation is of particular importance as a direct mechanistic proof and also as a convenient route to these thermally less-accessible compounds.
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Tadashi Mori, Makoto Takamoto, Hideaki Saito, Takahiro Furo, Takehiko ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
256-257
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Successful isolation of “
ortho” and “
para”-acylcyclohexadienones allowed us to comparatively study their ground- and excited-state behavior under a variety of conditions. In neutral solutions, the two isomeric cyclohexdienones showed completely different reactivities for photochemical and thermal reactions, while in acidic methanol both quantitatively afforded the corresponding transesterification product and naphthol. These studies help us understand the detailed photo-Fries rearrangement mechanism, which involves several crucial photochemical and thermal steps.
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Toshiyuki Kida, Takeru Ohe, Hiroyuki Higashimoto, Hitoshi Harada, Yohj ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
258-259
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Monosaccharides, such as
D-ribose,
D-xylose, and
D-glucose, were successfully transported through a bulk liquid membrane by using amphiphilic cyclodextrin carriers. The transport ability was remarkably affected by the lipophilicity and ring size of the carrier molecule.
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Iwao Abe, Daiki Nagamatsu, Taketoshi Nakahara, Gerd Fabian
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
260-261
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Warfarin was converted into
O-perfluoroacyl derivatives and separated into enantiomers by capillary GC with chiral stationary phase of polydimethylsiloxane anchored with
S(−)-
t-leucine-
S(−)-1-phenylethylamide. All the derivatives showed almost complete separation. Especially in the case of
O-heptafluorobutyryl derivative, baseline separation could be observed.
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Chi-Feng Cheng, Yi-Chun Lin, Hsu-Hsuan Cheng, Shr-Miau Liu, Hwo-Shuenn ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
262-263
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High quality cubic SBA-16 can be synthesized rapidly at room temperature in 1 h using low surfactant concentrations and has 65% of micropore volume and 5.3 nm of wall thickness on average. The structure integrity of SBA-16 is very sensitive to the acid concentration in gel because of the necessity of moderate hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction between silicates and surfactants.
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Naoki Sakakibara, Yoshio Takahashi, Yoshitaka Yamaguchi, Kiyoshi Shiba ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
264-265
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Tin K-edge XANES spectra show systematic broadening in the first peak upon increasing the number of organic ligands coordinated to the Sn atom, which can be used to determine Sn speciation in environmental samples. Although the method only provides the average number of organic ligands bound to Sn, a direct method like XANES for Sn speciation can be useful in view of the difficulties associated with chromatographic methods for Sn speciation.
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A. K. Sinha, S. Seelan, T. Akita, S. Tsubota, M. Haruta
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
266-267
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Mesoporous MCM-41 with fiber-like morphology and a high degree of long-range internal order in micrometer range, could be prepared by very gradual heating of the precursor gel to the crystallization temperature.
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Bernaurdshaw Neppolian, Hiromi Yamashita, Yoshimi Okada, Hiroaki Nishi ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
268-269
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TiO
2 photocatalysts, prepared by a multi-gelation method, showed higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2-propanol diluted in water. This multi-gelation method showed a good performance in controlling the parameters viz. particle size, surface area, crystallinity as well as anatase and rutile phase composition, which are responsible for the higher activity of these photocatalysts.
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Wei Shan, Yahong Zhang, Yajun Wang, Jianchao Xia, Yi Tang
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
270-271
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Microspheres of (Fe,Al)-ZSM-5 crystallite aggregates with abundant meso-/macropores have been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of natural diatomite in a NaCl-containing solution. It was found that the addition of NaCl would lead to the formation of spherical product as well as promoting the incorporation of the Fe originally existed in diatomite into zeolitic framework.
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Tsutomu Yokozawa, Ryuji Sugi, Toshinobu Asai, Akihiro Yokoyama
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
272-273
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The polycondensation of phenyl 4-(octylamino)benzoate (
1) proceeded in a chain-polymerization manner to yield aromatic polyamides with low polydispersities (
Mw/
Mn ≤ 1.1) even under normal conditions for step-growth polycondensation, in which initiator was not added. On the basis of the results of the polycondesations of
1 with initiator models, this self-initiated chain-growth polycondensation involves the formation of the dimer of
1, which initiates the chain-growth polymerization faster than step-growth polymerization.
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Brindaban C. Ranu, Ranjan Jana, Suvendu S. Dey
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
274-275
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An efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles has been developed by a simple condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aromatic aldehyde in an inexpensive ionic liquid, 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([pmIm]Br) by microwave irradiation under solvent and catalyst-free condition. The ionic liquid is recycled for subsequent reactions.
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Katsuhiko Ono, Tomoki Yanase, Masakazu Ohkita, Katsuhiro Saito, Yosuke ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
276-277
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The title compounds were prepared and investigated for electron-transporting and hole-blocking materials in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. EL efficiencies of the phosphorescent devices indicated high performance of hole-blocking ability in the compounds. A maximum external efficiency of 18% was achieved and a maximum power luminous efficiency was over 45 Lm W
−1.
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Hiroto Miyake, Masatoshi Osawa
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
278-279
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A chemical deposition technique was employed for the first time in preparing thin Cu films showing extremely strong surface-enhanced infrared absorption effect for the molecules adsorbed on the surface. The enhancement was examined in an electrochemical environment by using CO as a model adsorbate. The result is compared with literature data by focusing on the band shape of the enhanced absorption.
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Zameer Shervani, Juncheng Liu, Yutaka Ikushima
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
280-281
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The influence of CO
2-philicity and -phobicity of hydrogenated surfactants on preparation of reverse micelles in SC CO
2 have been investigated for the first time. To this end, we used polyethylene glycol mono
n-alkyl ether surfactants of different polar head groups and alkyl tails. Micelles prepared were characterized by dissolving 1-ethyl-4-methoxycarbonyl pyridinium iodide probe and recording its charge-transfer band in UV absorption region. From the transition energy of charge transfer band the polarity of the aqueous core of micelles was determined in terms of solvent polarity scale E
T (30) values.
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Toshiaki Yoshioka, Eisaku Kitagawa, Tadaaki Mizoguchi, Akitsugu Okuwak ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
282-283
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It is a well known fact that sublimation substances, such as benzoic acid and terephthalic acid, are produced in the thermal decomposition of PET, and this causes problems in plastic recycling plants. However, it is clear that the addition of Ca(OH)
2 affects the high selectivity of benzene without producing sublimation substances. The yield of benzene was 35.85 wt % at 700 °C and a 10.0 Ca(OH)
2/PET molar ratio. This value means that the selectivity of benzene is 78.8% for liquid products, and 85.1 wt % for aromatic ring in input PET.
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Daisuke Niwa, Tomoyuki Inoue, Hiroshi Fukunaga, Toru Akasaka, Taro Yam ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
284-285
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Formation of the methyl- and
n-butyl monolayer on (Cl)–Si(111) surfaces by using the Grignard reaction and their electrochemical behavior was investigated. The modified Si(111) surfaces were indicated to be closely packed with a single moiety species. The methyl-modified Si(111) surface was composed of (1 × 1) adlattice structure. The methyl-modified surface was stable in aqueous solution, and showed essentially good electrical conductive property with p-n junction like behavior.
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Jun Wang, Gu Yuan, Chang-Qing Dong
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
286-287
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Under ultrasonication, it was found that SnCl
2 could efficiently mediate the aqueous Barbier reactions between carbonyl compounds and allyl bromide to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in high yields without using any Lewis acid catalyst.
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Rajagopal Nagarajan, Paramasivan T. Perumal
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
288-289
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Biologically important bis-indolylmethanes and their derivatives were prepared in good yields by the electrophilic substitution of indole with aldehydes catalyzed by potassium hydrogen sulfate.
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Qing Huang, Lian Gao, Ye Cai, Fritz Aldinger
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
290-291
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Strontium carbonate nanowires that grow along the
a axis were synthesized in large scale through simple hydrothermal approach for the first time. The aspect ratio of the product is more than 1000. Dendritic nanocrystals were also generated at low temperatures. Moreover, this method is feasible to be applied in the synthesis of barium carbonate nanowires.
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Chun Yi Liu, Kentaro Morofuji, Kenji Tamura, Ken-ichi Aika
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
292-293
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The water sorption behavior of CaCl
2-containing materials as heat transfer media was studied. Amount of the water sorption on CaCl
2-containing materials was higher than those on the zeolites at the higher humidity region. Heat storage capacity of 33 wt % CaCl
2/FSM16 (1200 MJ m
−3) was 3.5 times as high as Na form Y-zeolite at 18.7 Torr of water vapor.
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Seijiro Matsubara, Yutaka Yokota, Koichiro Oshima
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
294-295
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Alkenes and alkanes were converted into fully deuterium labelled ones by treatment with palladium on charcoal and deuterium oxide under hydrothermal condition. The simple method to get fully deuterium labelled compounds is easy to apply to various types of organic compounds.
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Tamaki Nakano, Tohru Yade, Masaaki Yokoyama, Norio Nagayama
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
296-297
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Hole drift mobility of poly(dibenzofulvene) was found to be 2.7 × 10
−4 cm
2V
−1s
−1 at 299 K at a field strength of 7 × 10
5 Vcm
−1 by the time-of-flight (TOF) measurement on a cast film containing 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenylidene-9-malononitrile as an electron acceptor. This value is higher than that of main-chain π-conjugating poly(π-phenylenevinylene) (1 × 10
−5 cm
2V
−1s
−1), is comparable to that of main-chain σ-conjugating poly(methylphenylsilane) (1 × 10
−4 cm
2V
−1s
−1), and is slightly lower than that of Se (10
−4 cm
2V
−1s
−1 order), an inorganic semiconductor.
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Liwei Sun, Qiang Wu, Ning Liu, Cheng Yang, Liyan Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Da ...
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
298-299
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The interaction between polyoxometalate (POM) of Keggin class (K
5SiW
11O
39Co) and human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied by fluorescence and CD spectra. The results indicate that the binding of POM to bFGF causes conformational changes of bFGF. The cell proliferation assay showed that in lower molar ratios, POM stimulates mitogenic activity of bFGF; in higher molar ratios, POM inhibits the mitogenic activity of bFGF.
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Wen Chen, Tomoyuki Igawa, Jun Sumaoka, Makoto Komiyama
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
300-301
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By the use of oligonucleotides bearing a terminal monophosphate, 10-base gap was formed in substrate DNA and the monophosphates were placed at the edge of gap. Upon the treatment of these systems with Ce(IV)/EDTA complex, the gap-site was selectively hydrolyzed. The monophosphates remarkably promoted both the selectivity and the efficiency of scission.
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Chihiro Wakai, Saiko Morooka, Nobuyuki Matubayasi, Masaru Nakahara
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
302-303
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Hydrothermal reaction of dichloromethane (CH
2Cl
2) at 1 mol/dm
3 leads to the formation of glycolic acid without metal catalysts at temperatures of 200–250 °C. The reaction consists of three steps. First CH
2Cl
2 is converted into methanediol through hydrolysis. The disproportionation of methanediol then produces methanol and formic acid. Finally, glycolic acid is formed from methanediol and formic acid catalyzed by the acid (HCl) generated by the dechlorination of CH
2Cl
2. The yield of glycolic acid exceeds 50% at 225 and 250 °C.
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Ahmad R. Khosropour, Mohammad M. Khodaei, Kazem Ghozati
2004 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages
304-305
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2004
JOURNAL
RESTRICTED ACCESS
A facile and environmentally friendly methodology for ring opening of epoxides with anilines has been developed in the presence of catalytic amounts of bismuth (III) triflate or bismuth (III) trifluoroacetate using microwave-assisted heating. The ease of this procedure allowed preparation of the β-aminoalcohols quickly and efficiently.
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