Living goods are labeled to ensure that a prosumer does not incur unexpected losses. The occurrence of unexpected situations is related to labeling inflection. However, prosumers' confirmation consciousness of living goods is rarely examined.

  The relationship between the confirmation of labeling and potential consciousness was examined in the case of male and female university students. The t-test or ANOVA showed that the influence of gender and grade was high in the confirmation of labeling by the students. Furthermore, the cluster analysis, using factor analysis, revealed four clusters : relief / security, treatment, health / environment and practical use. It was found that the students confirmed the labeling for relief / security and treatment. These results were consistent with the complaint about textile materials in the department store, and the students confirmed the labeling of the household appliances, since this is easy to judge based on performance. Consequently, it was thought that the labeling of living goods was confirmed by the prosumer when performance judgment was easy.

  The practice of foot-binding that had been applied to female feet in China since 1,000 years ago is regarded as a representative corporal restraint, along with the corsets that had been popular in Europe. Foot-binding used to be a long-standing custom that had been practiced until the first half of 20th century, although it deforms a part of body, accompanied by so much pain as causing difficulties in daily life. However, in the end of the era of Quing Dynasty, the movement against the practice of foot-binding had become intensive, by which Chinese women had been barely emancipated from the corporal restraint custom, bringing it gradually to extinction.

  In this study, the author searched and retrieved every description of foot-binding in literary works of China, dating back to the history over 1,000 years as well as up to the contemporary literature. The author groped for the idea and thoughts held by the Chinese people at that time toward the foot-binding from the expressions in writing and read carefully the changes in consciousness affected by the vicissitudes of the times through these literary works for clarification from the standpoint of clothes and health.