Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin

Studies on the Pharmaceutical Potentiation of Drugs. I. p-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives.

Kiichiro Kakemi, Takaichi Arita, Shikifumi Kitazawa, Mitsuo Kawamura, ...

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1819-1827
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1819

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Three series of PAS derivatives, alkyl, ω-hydroxyalkyl, and ω-phenylalkyl esters, were synthesized systematically and their evaluations were made with testing their tuberculostatic activities and with measuring their physico-chemical characteristics, such as partition coefficients and protein binding ratio that might considerably influence biological effects in animal body. It is recognized that these derivatives may extensively improve the defects of the parent compound. It is also demonstrated that the substituents on the end of the alkyl chain and the length of the alkyl chain of these compounds considerably influence on their antitubercular activities and physico-chemical properties.

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Studies on the Pharmaceutical Potentiation of Drugs. II. p-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives.

Kiichiro Kakemi, Takaichi Arita, Shikifumi Kitazawa, Yoshihisa Sagawa

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1828-1840
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1828

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Nine series of ω-substituted PAS alkyl esters, namely, ω-chloroalkyl, ω-aminoalkyl, ω-diethylaminoalkyl, ω-phenylethylaminoalkyl, ω-morpholinoalkyl, ω-pyrrolidinylalkyl, ω-piperidinoalkyl p-aminosalicylates and alkylene bis-p-aminosalicylates in which the alkyl length varied from ethyl to decyl were synthesized and their evaluations were made with testing their tuberculostatic activities and with measuring their physicochemical properties such as partition coefficients and degrees of protein binding that might considerably influence biological effects of these substances when administered in animal body. These synthesized derivatives have activities as same extent as the parent compound and are more lipid soluble and some of them are less protein bound than PAS. From these observations, it is considered that some of the defects of the parent compound are improved by these chemical modifications. Relationship between structures and these characteristics are also revealed.

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Biochemical Studies on Benzoquinone Derivatives. III. Effects of Dihydroxythymoquinone on Rat Liver Mitochondria in the Electron Transport System.

Hikaru Ozawa, Kazutaka Momose, Motoko Machida

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1841-1846
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1841

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Dihydroxythymoquinone (DTQ) showed a marked inhibitory action on State-3 respiration of rat liver mitochondria with succinate, whereas, State-4 respiration was not inhibited. This inhibition was neither released by 2, 4-dinitrophenol nor other uncoupling agents. Completely DTQ inhibited oxidation of succinate by electron transport particles but the rate of inhibition was less than that of State-3 respiration by intact mitochondria. Reduction of cytochrome c by mitochondria with succinate was also inhibited. Succinate dehydrogenase was stimulated by DTQ.

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Studies on Synthetic Nucleotides. I. A Convenient Synthesis of Ribonucleotides.

Bunji Shimizu, Motoji Asai, Takuzo Nishimura

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1847-1855
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1847

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A convenient synthetic procedure of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides was described. The fusion of phosphorylated acylhalogenoses with trimethylsilylpyrimidines or-purines and then removal of the protecting groups gave several nucleotides in good yields. The structural confirmation of the nucleotides thus obtained was achieved by chromatographic and spectral analyses, as well as comparison with the authentic samples prepared by the known methods.

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Studies on Synthetic Nucleotides. II. A Direct Synthetic Method of Ribonucleotides.

Motoji Asai, Michiko Miyaki, Bunji Shimizu

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1856-1862
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1856

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A direct synthetic method of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides has been described. Condensation of III with 2, 3-di-O-benzoyl-5-diphenylphosphoryl-D-ribofuranosyl bromide in dimethylformamide at 40∼50°, followed by removal of the protecting groups gave AMP. Several other purine and pyrimidine nucleotides were also obtained by the same method mentioned above. In those cases, nitromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile and dimethylacetamide were effective for the reaction as solvents.

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Studies on Synthetic Nucleotides. IV. Preparation of L-β-Ribonucleosides and L-β-Ribonucleotides.

Motoji Asai, Harukiyo Hieda, Bunji Shimizu

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1863-1870
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1863

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The chloromercuri salt of 6-benzamidopurine was condensed with 2, 3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-DL-ribofuranosyl chloride, then the protecting groups removed, β-DL-adenosine was produced. β-DL-Adenosine was treated with nitrous acid to afford DL-inosine. β-DL-AMP was obtained by phosphorylation of β-DL-adenosine with phenylphosphorodichloridate. In a similar manner β-DL-IMP was obtained starting from β-DL-inosine. Attempts were made with success to obtain L-adenosine by incubation of DL-adenosine with a bacterial cell suspension (the strain used was PS-264, an unidentified stock culture of our laboratories). The incubation for 2∼3 days resulted in complete deamination and hydrolysis of D-adenosine whereas about 50% of L-adenosine remained unattacked and the rest was deaminated to give the corresponding L-inosine. On the other hand, when DL-AMP was incubated with a snake venom obtained from Trimeresurus flavoviridis, only D-antipode was dephosphorylated to D-adenosine and L-AMP left unchanged. L-AMP was separated from D-adenosine by ion exchange chromatography. L-IMP was also obtained from DL-IMP by the same method.

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Studies of Indole Derivatives. IV. Reaction of Indolylmagnesium Bromide with Ketenethioacetals.

Goro Kobayashi, Sunao Furukawa, Yoshiro Matsuda, Yuko Washida

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1871-1874
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1871

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Several 2-methylthio-2-(3-indolyl) acrylic acid derivatives (III) were prepared by reacting indolylmagnesium bromides (I) with ketenethioacetals (II).

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Pharmacological Studies on Guanethidine Derivatives. IV. Adrenergic Neurone Blocking Action of 2, 3, 4, 5-Tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine-2-carboxamidine Sulfate.

Hikaru Ozawa, Isao Otsuki

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1875-1882
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1875

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Pharmacological properties of 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine-2-carboxamidine sulfate (GQ-1) has been studied mainly on sympathetic nervous system and the following results were obtained : 1) GQ-1 showed the adrenergic neurone blocking activity three-fifth as potent as that of guanethidine in urethane anesthetized cat nictitating membrane. 2) Unlike with the cases of guanethidine and guanisoquin, GQ-1 did not cause the contraction of the nictitating membrane nor did the rise of the blood pressure in urethane anesthetized cat. 3) GQ-1 potentiated the pressor response to norepinephrine and markedly suppressed the pressor response to tyramine in cat.

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Absorption and Excretion of Drugs. XXXII. Absorption of Barbituric Acid Derivatives from Rat Small Intestine.

Kiichiro Kakemi, Takaichi Arita, Ryohei Hori, Ryoji Konishi

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1883-1887
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1883

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Absorption of barbituric aicd derivatives from rat small intestine was investigated systematically, and it was found that the absorption did not depend on chemical structure and lipid solubility so much as in the gastric absorption, but no specialized absorption mechanism was demonstrated. The pH-partition hypothesis was partially operative, but pH absorption profile had an optical pH range in all derivatives investigated and N-methyl series which have higher lipid solubilty than the corresponding oxy series were absorbed slowly than expected. These phenomena of in situ experiments which are assumed exceptional to pH-partition hypothesis were correlated significantly with the in vitro binding to mucosal preparations of rat small intestine.

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Chemical Modification of Kanamycin. III. Syntheses of 6-Amino-6-deoxy-2-manno-kanamycin and 6-Hydrazino-6-deoxy-2-manno-kanamycin.

Shigeharu Inouye

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1888-1895
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1888

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Syntheses of the title compounds starting from 2, 6-di-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-tetra-N-acetyl-kanamycin via 6-azido-and 6-hydrazino-2, 3-oxazolinum intermediates. Terminal amination and configurational inversion at C₂ of the 3-amino-glucose moiety were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular rotations and hydrolysis data. The structures of two diamino-derivatives of tetra-N-acetyl-kanamycin obtained as minor products were discussed.

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Studies on Organic Fluorine Compounds. I. Syntheses and Infrared Absorption of Bis (trifluoromethyl) pyridines.

Yoshiro Kobayashi, Eitatsu Chinen

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1896-1900
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1896

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All six isomers of bis (trifluoromethyl) pyridine were synthesized by the reaction with corresponding pyridine dicarboxylic acid and SF₄. The characteristic infrared absorption frequencies of this series of compounds were compared with those of similar compounds and the fact that the symmetrical vibration frequencies of aromatic compounds with two trifluoromethyl groups generally shift to the lower side compared with the compounds with a trifluoromethyl group was found.

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Studies on Organic Fluorine Compounds. II. Mass Spectrometry of Trifluoromethylated Pyridines.

Yoshiro Kobayashi, Fumio Nakano, Eitatsu Chinen

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1901-1905
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1901

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Fragmentation behavior of trifluoromethylated pyridines was investigated. The results given were as follows : 1) α-cleavage of the substituent is well correlated to the inductive effect of the nitrogen atom of the aromatic ring ; 2) β-cleavage of the substituent is strongly dependent upon the π-electron density on the carbon atom of the ring at the substituted position.

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A Fluorometric Method for the Estimation of Benhepazone.

Hisashi Murata, Tadao Wada

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1906-1909
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1906

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Benhepazone is activated maximally at 395 mμ and emits a fluorescence which shows a maximum at 410 mμ. Furthermore, Benhepazone was found to be quantitatively extracted into chloroform in alkaline conditions from a mixture consisting of Benhepazone and related compounds. On the basis of these findings, a fluorometric method has been adopted for the measurement of Benhepazone in tissues, urine, and feces. A procedure for assaying Benhepazone consists of its extraction with chloroform followed by the measurement of its fluorescence intensity at 410 mμ and it has been ascertained that neither metabolic products of Benbepazone nor native substances in biological samples interfered by the determination of Benhepazone in the course of this procedure.

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Chichibabin Reaction. II. Chichibabin Reaction of 8-Methylquinoline and Migration of the Methyl Group in the Synthesis of 3, 4-Dihydro-8-methyl-carbostyril by Friedel-Crafts Reaction. : Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CCIII.

Tetsuji Kametani, Hideo Nemoto

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1910-1915
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1910

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Chichibabin reaction of 8-methylquinoline (I) in dimethylaniline with sodium amide gave a mixture of 2-amino-8-methylquinoline (II) and 2-amino-3, 4-dihydro-8-methylquinoline (III), the latter of which was characterized as its hydrolyzed product, namely, 3, 4-dihydro-8-methylquinolone (IV). Furthermore, Friedel-Crafts reaction of N-(o-tolyl)-β-chloropropion-amide (V) was examined in order to synthesize an authentic sample (IV) for comparison, but a mixture of 5-methyl-(VI) and 8-methyl-3, 4-dihydrocarbostyril (IV) was obtained unexpectedly. This fact shows the migration of the methyl group was occurred in case of Friedel-Crafts reaction by aluminum chloride without solvent. On the other hand, catalytic hydrogenation of 8-methylcarbostyril (XI) in the presence of 40% palladium-charcoal afforded the above compound (IV), which was also identical with the sample obtained by Chichibabin reaction of I, followed by hydrolysis, and by Friedel-Crafts reaction of V.

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Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CCIV. Ring Contraction in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of 3-Oximino-4-oxoisocarbostyril.

Tetsuji Kametani, Hiroshi Sugahara, Kazuko Kanno

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1916-1921
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1916

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One of two compounds, which were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of VII in dry methanol using one molar equivalent of dry hydrochloride gas in the presence of platinum oxide, was separated after recrystallization from water. The structure of the above compound was characterized to be XV by acetylation and hydrolysis. In the latter case, the carboxylic acid (X) was obtained and found to be identical with an authentic sample, which was obtained by ring contraction of IX.

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Studies on Peptides. XV. Synthesis of Prolyltyrosylarginylmethionine, the Tetrapeptide situated within the Amino Acid Sequences of Monkey and Human β-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormones.

Haruaki Yajima, Yasuhiko Kinomura, Takao Oshima, Yoshio Okada

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1922-1928
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1922

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Arginylmethionine was prepared by three different methods, one from N^α-benzyloxycarbonyl-N^G-tosylarginylmethionine with sodium in liquid ammonia and others, from N^α-benzyloxycarbonyl-N^G-nitroarginylmethionine by treatment with hydrogen fluoride, and from N^α-t-butoxycarbonyl-N^G-nitroarginylmethionine by treatment with stannous chloride in 80% formic acid. Arginylmethionine was coupled with N^α-t-butoxycarbonylprolyltyrosine via the azide method and the resulting peptide was treated with trifluoroacetic acid to give prolyltyrosylarginylmethionine, the tetrapeptide situated within the structures of monkey and human β-melanocyte-stimulating hormones.

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Structure and Absolute Configuration of Cyperol and Isocyperol.

Hiroshi Hikino, Keitaro Aota, Tsunematsu Takemoto

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1929-1933
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1929

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Two sesquiterpenic alcohols, cyperol and isocyperol, have been isolated from nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae)) and shown to have stereostructures I and IV, respectively, by means of spectral determinations and by transformations to α-cyperone (II) and 4β (H)-eudesman-3-one (IX), respectively.

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Diterpenoids. IX. Chemical Conversion to Diterpene Alkaloid from Abietic Acid.

Akira Tahara, Kenichi Hirao

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1934-1938
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1934

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By confluence from l-abietic acid at the key intermediate (XXIV) for Nagata's total synthesis of dl-atisine (I), dl-veatchine (II) and dl-garryine (III), the first example of total synthesis of the natural diterpene alkaloid from the other natural diterpene, was accomplished.

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Studies on the Alkaloids of Menispermaceous Plants. CCXXXVII. Alkaloids of Stephania japonica MIERS. (Suppl. 17). Structure of Homostephanoline. (3).

Toshiro Ibuka, Masahiko Kitano

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1939-1943
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1939

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The constitution of homostephanoline was investigated and the complete constitution (I) including the absolute stereostructure was presented.

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Studies on the Alkaloids of Menispermaceous Plants. CCXXXIX. Synthesis of Hasubanan Derivative from Sinomenine.

Toshiro Ibuka, Masahiko Kitano

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1944-1947
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1944

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Synthesis of hasubanan derivative from sinomenine is described.

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Chemistry of Amino Acids. III. Reduction of Phenylalanine Ethyl Ester and Its Derivatives with Sodium Borohydride.

Hideo Seki, Kenji Koga, Shunichi Yamada

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1948-1954
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1948

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Eleven kinds of ethyl 2-substituted-3-phenylpropionates (Ia∼k) were reduced with sodium borohydride under a similar reaction condition and the effects of the α-substituents on the reduction were examined. Some esters (Ia∼c, e, f, j, k) were hydrolyzed with alkali. The obtained data of hydrolysis rate constants were roughly parallel to those of ester reductions. These results may be explained by considering both inductive and steric effects of the α-substituents.

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The Correlation of Coriamyrtin and Tutin, and Their Absolute Configurations.

Takuo Okuda, Takashi Yoshida

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1955-1965
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1955

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The structural correlation of coriamyrtin (I) and tutin (II) was established by deriving both compounds to coriamyrtin-isonorketone-methoxide (XXVIII), as well as to its dihydro derivative (XXX). The absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by the ORD spectra and the benzoate rule. The mutual influences of the 2-hydroxyl group and the terminal epoxide in the NMR spectra were analyzed for tutin and derivatives.

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Syntheses of 1α, 2α-and 1β, 2β-Epithio-A-nor-5α-androstan-17β-ol and Related Compounds.

Keiji Yoshida, Fumihiko Watanabe

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1966-1978
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1966

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17β-Hydroxy-A-nor-5α-androstan-1α, 2α-episulfide (XXIIIa) and -1β, 2β-episulfide (XIa) were prepared from 17β-acetoxy-A-nor-5α-androstan-2-one (Ib) via the corresponding epoxides (XXa) and (IXa) as intermediates.

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Metabolism of Terephthalic Acid. III. Absorption of Terephthalic Acid from Gastrointestinal Tract and Detection of Its Metabolites.

Akio Hoshi, Kazuo Kuretani

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1979-1984
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1979

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The absorption of terephthalic acid (TPA) from gastrointestinal tract and its metabolites in urine were studied with radioactive TPA (carboxyl-¹⁴C compound). Terephthalic acid was absorbed mainly from stomach and small intestine and partly from caecum and large intestine. The administered TPA was excreted almost quantitatively in urine within 24 hr. after the administration, and carbon dioxide as the cleavaged product was not found in the expired air. Examinations by thin-layer chromatography and autoradiography technique failed to detect any metabolite in urine. It was concluded that the administered TPA is not metabolized in body and almost all of it is excreted intact in urine.

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Ring-substituted α-Amino Acids. II. The Reaction of Cyclic Lactams with Methyl Vinyl Ketone leading to the α, γ-Diaminobutyric Acid Derivatives.

Shozo Kamiya, Kimie Koshinuma

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1985-1988
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1985

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Distribution and Excretion of Benhepazone administered to Rats.

Hisashi Murata, Masahiro Mori

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1988-1990
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1988

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Potassium Carbonate as a Base in the Alkylation of Ethyl Acetamidocyanoacetate.

Ikuo Matsumoto

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1990-1995
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1990

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Studies on the Alkaloids of Menispermaceous Plants. CCXL. Synthesis of Cycleanine. (1). Cupric Oxide Catalysed Ullmann Condensation of dl-8-Bromoarmepavine.

Masao Tomita, Yoshiaki Aoyagi, Yoshiro Sakatani, Kazuyoshi Fujitani

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1996-1999
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.1996

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Studies on Hydrogen Exchange. VIII. The Basecatalysed Hydrogen Exchange of Methyl Hydrogens of Methylpyridazines and Their N-Oxides.

Yutaka Kawazoe, Yuko Yoshioka, Mutsumi Yamada, Hiroshi Igeta

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 2000-2002
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.2000

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Effect of Terephthalic Acid on the Bound Dye Level in the Liver of Rat fed p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene.

Reiko Yanai, Hiroshi Nagasawa, Kazuo Kuretani

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 2003-2004
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.2003

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Structure of Purprogenin

Masamichi Fukuoka, Hiroshi Mitsuhashi

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 2007-2008
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.2007

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Naematolin, a New Biologically Active Substance produced by Naematoloma fasciculare (Fr.) KARST

Yukio Ito, Hironori Kurita, Totaro Yamaguchi, Masanori Sato, Tomoharu ...

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 2009-2010
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.2009

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Synthesis of Anomeric Pyrimidine Nucleoside 5'-Phosphates of L-Ribose, α-D-Cytidine 5'-Phosphate and 3-β-L-Ribofuranosyladenine 5'-Phosphate

Bunji Shimizu, Akio Saito, Takuzo Nishimura, Michiko Miyaki

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 2011-2014
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.2011

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A New Reagent for the tert-Butyloxycarbonylation of Amino Acids

Masahiko Fujino, Chitoshi Hatanaka

1967 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 2015-2016
Published: December 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.15.2015

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