-
Eizo Hirai
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1263-1271
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The behavior of 4-amino-5-carboxy-2-methylpyrimidine (ACMP) in glacial acetic acid and the mixed solvent of isopropanol and ethyleneglycol was spectrophotometrically investigated by comparison with those of the ethyl ester and the 1-methyl betaine. The modified Edsall's equation was proposed to calculate potentiometrically the equilibrium constant (K
e value) between the zwitterion and the zwitterion and the uncharged form of ACMP in these solvents. These results indicated that the zwitterion formation of ACMP was more repressed in these solvents than in water. The similar behavior was observed on the cases of 2-aminonicotinic acid (ANA) and 2-aminoisonicotinic acid (AINA) in these solvents. Further, the effect of the dielectric constant of solvent on the zwitterion formation of ACMP, ANA and AINA was spectrophotometrically examined in various alcohols and the mixed solvents of dioxane and water. The zwitterion formation was parallel with increasing of the dielectric constant of solvent.
View full abstract
-
Toyozo Uno, Teishiro Kushima, Takashi Hiraoka
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1272-1276
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The concentration and the amounts of sulfadimethoxine metabolites in both human and rabbit urine were determined separately using paper chromatography for 168 hours after administration. In human urine the main metabolite was sulfadimethoxine-N
1-glucuronide, and more than 70% of the whole metabolites was excreted in this form. In the case of rabbit, the main metabolite was N
4-acetyl sulfadimethoxine.
View full abstract
-
Teishiro Kushima
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1277-1282
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The kinetic constants defining the rate of sulfadimethoxine metabolism were calculated using analog computer. Observed values were in good agreement with theoretical values calculated by an equation developed to account for the various processes involved in the transformation and excretion of sulfadimethoxine. The theoretical curve for the amount of unchanged sulfadimethoxine remained in the body was obtained. From this curve, the half life of unchanged sulfadimethoxine in the body was decided to be 25 hours.
View full abstract
-
Tetsuji Kametani, Haruhiko Yagi
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1283-1286
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The optical resolution of N was carried out by means of (+)-and (-)-di-p-toluoyltartaric acid to give the compounds, Na and Nb. These compounds were converted into our objective antipodes, IIa and IIb, by hydrolysis. Absolute configuration of the above compounds was confirmed by conversion of IIa and IIb into D (-)-and L (+)-N-methylcoclaurine, respectively.
View full abstract
-
Kiichiro Kakemi, Hitoshi Sezaki, Shikifumi Kitazawa, Katsuhiko Okumura
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1287-1293
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Stabilities, absorption and excretion profiles, and biotransformations of the ω-substituted alkyl-PAS were investigated. The observations presented here support the conclusion that derivatives are stable in gastro-intestinal tract and absorbed more readily than that parent compound. Derivatives with long alkyl chain have characteristics of sustained release and can maintain high level in body fluid for long period. These derivatives are metabolized to the same extent regardless of their differences of the structure.
View full abstract
-
Akira Takamizawa, Kentaro Hirai, Teruyuki Ishiba, Yoshihiro Matsumoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1294-1304
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
1-[(2-Methyl-4-amino-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl]-3-alkyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methylimidazolium salts reacted with diethyl benzoylphosphonate after treatment with triethylamine to give O-benzoate. However, the treatment with dimethylsulfinyl carbanion in dimethylsulfoxide gave iminochrome type compounds (VI, XIX), imidazole (XXVI), and azomethine compounds (VII, XX, XXVIII). The difference of lability between imidazolium and thiazolium C-2 protons was shown by NMR measurements.
View full abstract
-
Tetsuji Kametani, Kazuo Kigasawa, Noriko Ikari, Takehiko Iwata, Morihi ...
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1305-1309
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A yellow substance, which slightly formed as a by-product in case of preparation of a molecular compound by fusion of aminopyrine (I) with secobarbital or barbital in the presence of air, was also obtained by mild oxidation of I with air in a poor yield. Structural elucidation by physical and chemical methods was carried out, leading eventually to confirm the formula (II) for the yellow substance as above.
View full abstract
-
Seigoro Hayashi, Mitsuru Furukawa, Junko Yamamoto, Kimio Hamamura
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1310-1314
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
1. A general method for the preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfonyl sulfides was established starting from sodium alkanethiosulfonates and alkanesulfonyl chlorides. 2. Thiosulfonates and disulfonyl sulfides were found to be reduced to the corresponding disulfides and trisulfides respectively. These results suggest that the unsymmetrical disulfides and trisulfides might be prepared generally by this method. 3. Trisulfides were found to be desulfurizated to the corresponding sulfides via disulfides. 4. Oxidation of alkylaryldisulfides occurred preferentially on the farthest sulfur atom from the electron releasing alkyl group.
View full abstract
-
Michiya Kimura, Toshihiro Nishina
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1315-1321
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Bathochromic and hyperchromic absorption of p-nitrophenylhydrazones in alkaline dimethylformamide (DMF), that was shown in the colorimetric procedures for some steroids, was studied using several model compounds in various solvents. The color was ascribed mainly to the formation of quinoidal anion (I). The solvent effects of DMF as a dipolar aprotic solvent was discussed from the point of view of the cationic solvation and the increase in activities of hydroxide anion added as well as carbanion (I) formed was regarded as responsible for the hyperchromic absorption. The bathochromic effect of DMF was explained to be shown as a probable result of shielding the anion (I) from the cationic field by the solute-solvent interaction.
View full abstract
-
Shoji Takemura, Hiromi Terauchi, Yoshiko Ando, Yoshio Ueno
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1322-1327
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
DL-trans-2-Halo-1-benzenesulfonamidocyclohexane (II) reacted with base such as silver acetate in benzene, cold sodium ethoxide, or cold ethanolic potassium hydroxide affording meso-cis-N-benzenesulfonylcyclohexenimine (I). The ring opening of I occurred by the action of hot ethanolic potassium hydroxide, hot sodium ethoxide, sodium hydrosulfide, acetic acid or hydrogen halides to form 2-substituted trans-1-benzenesulfonamidocyclohexanes (III, V, VI, IV, and II, respectively). Action of silver acetate on II in acetic acid afforded IV. Contrary to the reactions of II, the cis isomer (VII) did not form an imine ring. An equilibrium was effected between I and II in the presence of a small amount of alkali, and heating of I with excess of mineral salts such as potassium halide and sodium halide, gave II.
View full abstract
-
Shoji Takemura, Hiromi Terauchi, Yoshiko Ando, Yoshio Ueno
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1328-1330
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Reaction of N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide (I) with cyclopentene (II) was investigated and it was shown that N-(DL-trans-2-bromocyclopentyl) benzenesulfonamide (III), DL-trans-1, 2-dibromocyclopentane (V), cyclopentadiene (VI) and benzenesulfonamide (VII) were formed on the reaction. Contrary to the case of reacting I with cyclohexene, DL-cis isomer of III could not be obtained in the present case.
View full abstract
-
Shoji Takemura, Yoshiko Ando, Hiromi Terauchi, Yoshio Ueno
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1331-1333
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
It was found that N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide (I) reacted with various ethers in mild conditions. Aliphatic ethers were thereby cleaved in aldehyde and alkyl bromide. Reaction of ethyl, butyl, butyl benzyl, and benzyl ethers with I were also investigated and benzaldehyde and benzyl bromide formed were chemicaly identified and other products were directly detected by gas chromatography.
View full abstract
-
Tetsuzo Kato, Yutaka Yamamoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1334-1338
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Reactions of diketene with iminothers such as benziminoethylether and phenacetiminoethylether were investigated. Refluxing of benziminoethylether with diketene in ether afforded 2-ethoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 3-oxazin-4-one (I) and 6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-1, 3-oxazin-4-one (II). Phenacetiminoethylether reacted with diketene to give 2-benzyl-2-ethoxy-6-methyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 3-oxazin-4-one (IV), 3-acetyl-2, 6-dibenzyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine (V) and N-acetoacetyl-α-phenylacetamide (VI). The structure assignments of these compounds were described.
View full abstract
-
Minoru Sekiya, Keiichi Ito
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1339-1342
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A convenient N-monomethylation method of aromatic primary amines was established. N-Succinimidomethyl compounds attached to a variety of aromatic primary amines were prepared and subjected to catalytic hydrogenolysis affording the N-monomethylated aromatic primary amines in excellent yields. For more practical use a modified direct procedure without isolating the N-(arylaminomethyl) succinimide was also successfully performed.
View full abstract
-
Tetsuzo Kato, Harue Hayashi, Tamiko Anzai
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1343-1348
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Rates of reaction of 4-chloropyridine (I), 4-chloro-2-picoline (II), 4-chloro-3-picoline (III), 4-chloro-2, 6-lutidine (IV), 3-nitro-4-chloro-2, 6-lutidine (V), 2-trichloromethyl-3-nitro-4-chloro-6-methylpyridine (VI) and their 1-Oxides with sodium methoxide in methanol have been measured, and rate coefficients, activation energies and entropies of activation were calculated. The order of the reaction rate at 0°found from our experiments was as follows ; VI>V-Oxide>V>I-Oxide>II-Oxide>III-Oxide>IV-Oxide>I>II>III>IV.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi Hikino, Keitaro Aota, Yukio Maebayashi, Tsunematsu Takemoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1349-1355
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A sequiterpenic keto-alcohol, cyperolone, has been isolated from nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae)) and shown to have the stereostructure I (R=H) of a novel skeleton based on the following evidence. The spectral data showed the presence of a secondary hydroxyl, an acetyl, an isopropenyl, and a tertiary methyl group. Cyperolone gave the saturated dihydro-derivative (II ; R=H). Oxidation of the ketols (I & II ; R=H) afforded the cyclopentanones (III & IV), respectively. LiAlH
4 reduction of cyperolone formed the diol (VI ; R=H) whose NMR spectrum indicated the acetyl bearing carbon in cyperolone to be quaternary. Alkali treatment of the dione (IV) gave the monoketone (VII) which was synthesized from 14-noreudesmanone (X). The β-configuration of the C-3 hydroxyl and the C-5 acetyl was deduced from application of the benzoate rule and from a positive Cotton curve of the ketol acetate (VIII ; R=COCH
3), respectively. The cis relationship of the C-3 and C-5 substituents was confirmed by the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in the diol (VI ; R=H).
View full abstract
-
Akira Minato, Seiyu Hirose, Shoryo Hayashi
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1356-1361
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
By chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column, five protease fractions were separated from the rat submaxillary gland, and tentatively named rat submaxillary protease A, B, C, D and E. The casein-hydrolyzing activities of the protease A, B, C, D and E were optimal at pH 8.3, 10.2, 9.6, 8.3 and 9.6, respectively. The rat submaxillary proteases were most stable at neutral pH, and were not affected by the addition of EDTA, rat submaxillary dialyzate, monoiodoacetate or p-chloromercuribenzoate. All of the five proteases were inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The activities of protease A, B and E were not inhibited by soybean-trypsin-inhibitor, whereas chymotrypsin-type inhibitions were observed in the cases of the protease C and D. The protease A had no less milk-clotting activity than that of chymotrypsin, while the protease B expressed about one-tenth activity of that of chymotrypsin, and only neglectable activities were observed in the cases of the protease C, D and E.
View full abstract
-
Tsutomu Furuya, Hisashi Kojima, Hiroshi Sato
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1362-1366
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The application to furanocoumarins analysis by the homemade combination instrument gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer was described and the ease of the identification of natural products from these mass spectra was demostrated.
View full abstract
-
Takao Maki, Setsuzo Tejima
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1367-1372
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
2-Deoxy-1, 6-anhydro-1, 6-sulfide-β-D-glucopyranose (2-Deoxy-thiolevoglucosan) (IX), m.p. 189∼192°, [α]
22D-71.7°, and 2-deoxy-1, 6-anhydro-1, 6-sulfide-3, 4-anhydro-β-D-altrose (2-Deoxy-3, 4-anhydro-thiolevoaltrosan) (XIV), m.p. 69∼72°, [α]
22D-108°, were synthesized by starting with D-glucal (II), followed by treatment of the intermediate 2-deoxy-6-O-tosyl-3, 4-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl ethylxanthate (VI) and 3-bromo-4-O-acetyl-6-O-tosyl-2, 3-dideoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl ethylxanthate (XIII), respectively, with sodium methoxide. The preparation of 6-O-tosyl-3, 4-di-O-acetyl-D-glucal (III), m.p. 106∼107°, [α]
22D+14°, which is a key intermediate in this paper, and the addition of hydrogen bromide upon III were also described.
View full abstract
-
Saburo Muraoka, Hiroshi Enomoto, Mie Sugiyama, Hidemasa Yamasaki
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1373-1379
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
1. The over-all course of the aerobic reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine oxidase was investigated under various conditions, especially to clarify the mechanism of reoxidation of reduced cytochrome c. The higher the concentration of enzyme or hypoxanthine and the lower the pH, the more marked was the reoxidation of reduced cytochrome c. 2. The reoxidation was also dependent upon the properties of the cytochrome c sample. The more marked reoxidation was observed with samples having greater reactity with CO. 3. With Amberlite CG-50 column chromatography, Keilin-Hartree's cytochrome c preparation gave two enzymically reducible and less reoxidizable monomeric fractions, and a monomeric and a polymeric fraction. The latter two fractions were less active as electron acceptors and are thought to be mainly responsible for the reoxidation. 4. Reoxidation of reduced cytochrome c has been found to be caused in the following two ways : the peroxidation due to modified cytochrome c originally contaminating and also probably formed during the reaction, and the acceleration of peroxidation by uric acid which is the oxidation product of the substrate.
View full abstract
-
Masatomo Hamana, Hiroshi Noda
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1380-1384
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Antipyrine (I) was shown to react smoothly with quinoline 1-oxide (II), 4-chloroquinoline 1-oxide (VII) and isoquinoline 2-oxide (IX) in the presence of benzoyl chloride, producing 4-(2-quinolyl) antipyrine (III) (63.4%) together with 4-(4-quinolyl) antipyrine (IV) (16.4%), 4-(4-chloro-2-quinolyl) antipyrine (VIII) (88%) and 4-(1-isoquinolyl) antipyrine (X) (79%), respectively. Although tosyl chloride was not effective as an acylating agent for these reactions, methosulfate of II could enter into reaction with I to give III in 38.4% yield. Nucleophilic reactivity of I was considerably lower compared with that of cyclohexanone enamine, and no satisfactory result was obtained from similay treatment of pyridine 1-oxide.
View full abstract
-
Eiji Ochiai, Makoto Takahashi, Ryosuke Tanabe
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1385-1389
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Durch Einwirkung von Essigsaureanhydrid auf 5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydrochinaldin-1-oxyd (VI) wurden, au■er einer geringen Menge 5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydrochinaldin, drei isomere Acetoxyderivate von V, namlich 3-Acetoxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrochinaldin, 2-Acetoxymethyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrochinaldin und 8-Acetoxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrochinaldin im Verhaltnis von ca. 7 : 34 : 59 erhalten. Jedes Acetoxyderivat wurde durch Verseifen in das entsprechende Hydroxyderivat ubergefuhrt.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi Hikino, Yojiro Sakurai, Hideji Takahashi, Tsunematsu Takemoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1390-1394
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
From zedoary, Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae), a sesquiterpenoid curdione, C
15H
24O
2, has been isolated and shown to be germacr-1 (10)-ene-5, 8-dione (I) based on the following evidence. The presence of a β-methyl-β, γ-unsaturated ketone and an isolated ketone group in the germacrane skeleton has been indicated by spectral determinations of curdione and its reduction product, the diol (IV), which is reversible to curdione on oxidation, and by dehydrogenation of the diol (IV) to S-guaiazulene (VII). The location of the two carbonyls has been established by the transformation of its dihydro-derivative (III) to the enone (VIII) whose structure has been confirmed by its spectral properties and by its conversion into vetivazulene (XI).
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi Hikino, Norio Suzuki, Tsunematsu Takemoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1395-1404
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
α-Cyperone (II) was reduced to eudesma-4, 11-dien-3β-ol (III), which was converted into 4β, 5β-oxidoeudesm-11-en-3β-ol (V). Treatment of the epoxide (V) with boron trifluoride gave eudesm-11-en-3-on-5β-ol (IX) but no cyperolone (I). The epoxy-alcohol (V) was acetylated to afford the acetoxy-epoxide (XII) which on treatment with boron trifluoride yielded 5α-fluoro-3β-acetoxyeudesm-11-en-4β-ol (XIV) and 1 (R)-isopropenyl-3-(1-methyl-4 (S)-acetoxy-5-oxohexylidene) cyclopentane (XV) but no cyperolone acetate (XXIV). Oxidation of the epoxy-alcohol (V) gave the keto-epoxide (VIII) which was treated with boron trifluoride to yield cyper-11-ene-3, 4-dione (XVI). On reduction the dione (XVI) afforded mainly cyper-11-ene-3β, 4ξ-diol (XIX) and cyper-11-ene-3α, 4ξ-diol (XX). The diol (XIX) was transformed to the 3β-acetoxycyper-11-en-4-one (XXIV) via 3β-acetoxycyper-11-en-4ξ-ol (XXII). Alkaline-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acetate (XXIV) furnished cyperolone (I). The diol (XX) was converted into 3β-acetoxycyper-11-en-4-one (XXVII) via 3β-acetoxycyper-11-en-4ξ-ol (XXV). When hydrolyzed with an excess of alkali the acetate (XXVII) gave cyperolone (I), while hydrolysis with an insufficient amount of alkali produced 3-epi-cyperolone (XXVIII). On alkaline treatment, 3-epi-cyperolone (XXVIII) was epimerized to give cyperolone (I).
View full abstract
-
Yutaka Kawazoe, Mitsuhiro Tsuda
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1405-1410
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Stereoselectivities in salt formation, N-methylation, N-ethylation, and N-oxygenation of α-substituted piperidines were examined in connection with the free energy-difference between the reaction intermediates in the axial and equatorial approaches of the reagent.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi Igeta, Mutsumi Yamada, Yuko Yoshioka, Yutaka Kawazoe
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1411-1414
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The reactivities of 3-hydroxypyridazine 1-oxide (I) were examined in bromination and acid-and base-catalyzed deuteration reactions. The electronic effects of 3-hydroxy and N-oxide groups were discussed in comparison of the reactivities of I with 3-hydroxypyridazine and pyridazine 1-oxide.
View full abstract
-
Tadashi Sasaki, Ken Kanematsu
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1415-1419
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Ryuichi Kato, Akira Takanaka
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1419-1422
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Mitsuo Mizutani, Shunichi Naito
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1422-1426
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tetsuzo Kato, Yutaka Yamamoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1426-1428
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hiroshi Hikino, Keitaro Aota, Tsunematsu Takemoto
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1433-1435
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Isao Kitagawa, Akiko Matsuda, Tadashi Nishimura, Shinichi Hirai, Itiro ...
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1435-1437
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yuroku Yamamoto, Takahiro Kumamaru, Yasuhisa Hayashi, Taro Kobayashi, ...
1967 Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages
1437-1439
Published: September 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS