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Volume 27, Issue 12
Displaying 1-50 of 53 articles from this issue
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KAZUMICHI MIZUYAMA, YOSHINORI TOMINAGA, YOSHIRO MATSUDA, GORO KOBAYASH ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2879-2889
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(Alkylthio) thiocarbonylimino-1-methyl-1, 2-dihydropyridine derivatives (3a-e) were prepared by the reaction of 2-amino-1-methylpyridinium iodide (1a-c or d) with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride and subsequent methylation with dimethyl sulfate in good yields. Similarly, 1-methyl-4-(methylthio) thiocarbonyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine (3i), 1-methyl-2-(methylthio) thiocarbonyl-1, 2-dihydrothiazole (3g), and 1-methyl-2-(methylthio) thiocarbonyl-1, 2-dihydrobenzothiazole (3h) were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding 2-imino- and 4-imino-N-methyl heterocyclic compounds with carbon disulfide. The reaction of 3a-e with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded the 2- or 4-[1, 2-bis (methoxycarbonyl)-2-thioxoethylidene]-1, 2- or 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives (8a-d). The reaction of 3i with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (2 mol) gave cyclobuta [b] azocine (9). The reaction of 3h with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded 2, 3-dihydrobenzothiazole-2-spiro-2'-(2H-pyrrole) (10). 2-[N-bis (methylthio) methylene] amino-N-methylpyridinium and benzothiazolium iodide (11b, c), which were prepared by the methylation of 3a and h with methyl iodide, reacted with nucleophiles to yield the corresponding products substituted on one or two methylthio groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
SEIGO KATAOKA, KEIICHI NISHIMURA, TSUTOMU NAITO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2890-2903
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was made to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of benzydamine hydrochloride (BZY-HCl) in relation to its metabolism. In rats given BZY·HCl orally, unconjugated metabolites (consisting mainly of benzydamine N-oxide) were predominantly excreted in urine, but conjugated metabolites (mainly consisting of glucuronides) were predominant in the bile. Moreover, it appeared that enterohepatic circulation occurred during the metabolism of BZY·HCl, then the levels of conjugated metabolites decreased greatly with time. In rat blood, unconjugated BZY and benzydamine N-oxide (BZY-NO) were predominant, whereas in the blood of rabbits, a conjugated metabolite (G-1) was predominant. However, in rats treated with carrageenin as an inflammation model, the levels of BZY-NO apparently increased in the blood and inflamed paw. The anti-edematous and analgesic potencies of BZY-NO hydrogen maleate (BZY-NO maleate) were determined simultaneously with the anti-inflammatory action. In the case of intravenous injection, BZY-NO maleate did not show anti-edematous or analgesic action, whereas in the case of oral administration, it showed anti-edematous action amounting to two-thirds of that of the parent drug BZY·HCl, and analgesic action similar to that of BZY·HCl. In addition, it was confirmed that BZY-NO maleate was well absorbed in the body by oral administration, and was reduced to the parent drug BZY. It is suggested that the effect of oral administration of BZY-NO maleate was due to BZY formed by the reduction of BZY-NO in the rat body.View full abstractDownload PDF (1166K) -
SEIGO KATAOKA, TSUTOMU NAITO, KEIICHI NISHIMURA, KAZUHIKO TAIRA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2904-2912
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was performed to clarify the in vitro metabolism of benzydamine hydrochloride (BZY·HCl) and benzydamine N-oxide hydrogen maleate (BZY-NO maleate) in rat tissues and the livers of several animals, and to examine the effects of carrageenin on the N-oxygenation and N-demethylation of BZY·HCl, as well as on the N-deoxygenation of BZY-NO maleate in rat blood and liver. The results were as follows. 1) BZY·HCl was mainly metabolized by liver microsomal fraction in the presence of an reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generating system and in air. 2) The main reactions were N-oxygenation and N-demethylation, and the former proceeded more rapidly than the latter in all animal species except the guinea pig. 3) No effect of carrageenin of the N-oxygenation and N-demethylation of BZY·HCl was found on comparing liver preparations of control and carrageenin-treated rats. 4) The N-deoxygenation of BZY-NO maleate occurred to the extent of only a few percent in blood, but was significant in the hemolysate (hemoglobin) of erythrocytes, however, the production of methemoglobin was very slight. 5) On the other hand, carrageenin treatment inhibited the N-deoxygenation of BZY-NO maleate in liver preparations, but not in the hemolysate of erythrocytes. The present results account for our previous observation that the N-oxygenation of BZY·HCl in rats is apparently enhanced in the body by carrageenin treatment. Namely, it is suggested that the phenomenon was ascribable not to stimulation of the N-oxygenation of BZY, but to inhibition of the N-deoxygenation of BZY-NO in the liver. These results are discussed in connection with the anti-inflammatory actions of BZY·HCl.View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
SEIGO KATAOKA, TSUTOMU NAITO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2913-2920
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEvidence is presented that a purified xanthine oxidase preparation, like milk xanthine oxidase, is responsible for the xanthine-dependent reduction of benzydamine N-oxide. Rat liver preparations contain enzymes which catalyze the anaerobic reduction of benzydamine N-oxide by either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD (P) H or xanthine. In crude enzyme preparations, the enzymatic reduction seems to involve xanthine oxidase and/or cytochrome P-450 because allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, and n-octylamine, an inhibitor of aliphatic tertiary amine N-oxide reductase (cytochrome P-450) block the reduction of benzydamine N-oxide in crude enzyme preparations of rat liver. Moreover, the enzymatic system exhibited dual pH optima of 7.4 and 9.0 for reductions dependent on NADPH and xanthine, respectively. An enzyme preparation which did not contain cytochrome P-450 was isolated from rat liver and purified 186-fold in terms of xanthine oxidase activity. Xanthine oxidase activity and xanthine-dependent benzydamine N-oxide reduction activity were copurified in parallel.View full abstractDownload PDF (841K) -
AKIRA TAKAMURA, TOMOKO MINOWA, SHUNICHI NORO, TADAMICHI KUBO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2921-2926
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of blending Tween and Span emulsifiers on emulsion formation were investigated, and the HLB values required to produce stable o/w emulsions are considered in detail. The emulsifiers used were the commercial grade Tween series and Span series, and the oil used was a liquid paraffin (dispersed phase). Emulsion stability was measured by four methods : with a measuring cylinder, a Coulter counter, a turbidimeter, and a rheometer. The following results were obtained ; (1) The rate of separation increased in the following order with blended emulsifiers : Tween 80+Span 20, Tween 20+Span 20, Tween 40+Span 20, and Tween 20+Span 80. However, the emulsion prepared with Tween 20+Span 80 was unstable over the whole range of HLB. (2) The o/w emulsions prepared using mixtures of Tween and Span showed a maximum droplet number at an HLB value of 11.0. (3) The viscosity of the emulsion prepared with Tween alone was clearly smaller than those obtained with blended emulsifiers.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
HIDEAKI NATSUGARI, KANJI MEGURO, YUTAKA KUWADA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2927-2937
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of 2-amino-1, 5-benzodiazocines (1) with diketene (2) gave two isomeric products 3 and 4, whereas 2-amino-1, 4-benzodiazepines (16) afforded 2-acetoacetamidodiazepines (17). Treatment of the acetoacetylated derivatives (3, 4, 17) with methanolic hydrogen chloride or thionyl chloride afforded the corresponding fused pyrimidine derivatives (5, 6, 18). Thermal dehydration of both 3a and 4a, on the other hand, gave the same cyclized compound (5a), indicating that acyl migration took place in the reaction of 4a. Similarly, 17a gave the rearranged product (19a).View full abstractDownload PDF (1096K) -
ABDELAZIZ DAWIDAR, JOHANNES REISCH, MANIVAL AMER1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2938-2942
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new triterpene acids were isolated from the plant Cornulaca monacantha DEL. The first acid was assigned the structure 3β, 6α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid I and was given the trivial name manevalic acid. The other compound was assigned the structure 3β, 6α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27, 28-dioic acid II and named azizic acid. These assignments were based on spectral and chemical studies. The chemical correlation between manevalic acid and the known triterpene astilbic acid, 3β, 6β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, was established through oxidation of their methyl esters to methyl 3, 6-dioxoolean-12-en-27-oate IC.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
KAZUAKI KYOGOKU, KATSUO HATAYAMA, SADAKAZU YOKOMORI, RYUICHI SAZIKI, S ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2943-2953
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the anti-ulcer activity of the isoprenyl chalcone, sophoradin, which is present in a Chinese crude drug, Guang-dou-gen (the root of Sophora subprostrata), 30 related chalcones (1-30) were newly synthesized by condensation between substituted acetophenones and benzaldehydes, and their anti-ulcer activities were examined using Shay's pylorus-ligated rats, and water-immersed and restraint stress rats. Twenty-seven chalcones were substituted with isoprenyl or isoprenyloxyl groups and two with geranyloxyl groups (13, 30), with or without a carboxymethoxyl group, and one chalcone was substituted with allyloxyl group (14). All the chalcones were found to be effective by both methods. Several chalcones (2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22), each having more than one isoprenyloxyl group, exhibited high inhibitory ratios by both methods. In particular, 2', 4'-dihydroxy-3'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy) chalcone (2), 2'-hydroxy-4, 4'-bis (3-methyl-2-butenyloxy) chalcone (10), and 2'-carboxymethoxy-4, 4'-bis (3-methyl-2-butenyloxy) chalcone (15) exhibited very high inhibitory ratios (70-100%) by both methods, and were as potent as sophoradin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
KATSUYA ENDO, TAKASHI TAGUCHI, FUMIKO TAGUCHI, HIROSHI HIKINO, JOHJI Y ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2954-2958
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crude drug"jutsu"prepared from Atractylodes rhizomes has been used for antiinflammatory purposes in Oriental medicine. In fact, a preparation from A. japonica was found to show significant inhibition of the increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. Fractionation of the extract, monitoring by bioassay, resulted in the isolation of two active principles, (+)-eudesma-4 (14), 7 (11)-dien-8-one (VI) and atractylenolide I (VII). The structurally related principles atractylenolide II and III (VIII and IX) also had the tendency to show antiinflammatory activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (593K) -
HIROSHI UEKI, HIROSHI NAKATA, TAKAYUKI FUNAKOSHI, SHOZO SHOJI, YUKIHO ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2959-2967
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe insulin-like activity of proteases was assayed in terms of the glycogen-increasing effect on hemidiaphragms isolated from mice. This effect was observed with Pronase, subtilisin BPN', Sfericase, Dispase II, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and elastase, but not with pepsin, kallikrein, or lysozyme. Pronase, a mixed protease preparation from Streptomyces griseus, lost its insulin-like activity on treatment with diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), whereas no loss of activity was observed with 1-chloro-3-tosylamide-7-amino-2-heptanone (TLCK) or L-(1-tosylamide-2-phenyl)-ethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK). An insulin-like activity-possessing protease (ILAPP) was partially purified from TLCK and TPCK-pretreated Pronase by affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-conjugated carriers. This enzyme migrated as a single band with a faint sub-band in disc electrophoresis, though it sedimented as a single peak on ultracentrifugal analysis. It hydrolyzed succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine p-nitroanilide and acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine methyl ester at relatively high rates at pH 9, whereas the hydrolytic activities towards casein and elastin-Congo Red were low. It was strongly inhibited by DFP and phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) but not by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, monoiodoacetic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, or dithiothreitol. HgCl2 was inhibitory at a concentration of 10-3M. It is suggested that ILAPP is a DFP- and PMSF-sensitive alkaline protease and that the proteolytic activity of ILAPP is responsible for the insulinlike activity of Pronase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1161K) -
NORIYA OHTA, CHIYE KAWASAKI, MITSUKO MAEDA, SHOHEI TANI, KOICHI KAWASA ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2968-2974
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA model peptide for iron-sulfur protein, Z-Gly-Cys (Bzl)-Gly-Ala-Cys (Bzl)-Gly-Gly-Cys (Bzl)-Gly-Ala-Cys (Bzl)-Gly-OH (III), and its cyclo derivative (IV) were synthesized by stepwise fragment condensation procedures. The deblocked (III) and (IV) formed chelate complexes with iron and sulfur.View full abstractDownload PDF (914K) -
TOSHIHIRO HASHIMOTO, YOSISIGE KATO, HIROKO SHIBAHARA, KOHEI TOYOOKA, T ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2975-2979
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDimerization of 16, 17-dehydrodigitoxigenin 3-acetate (I) and its 21R-and 21S-ethoxy derivatives (II and III) was found to occur on heating the monomers in toluene. This dimerization appeared to take place between the 16, 20 (22)-diene system of one monomer and the 16, 17-double bond of another monomer by a Diels-Alder type reaction, giving the dimers IV, V, and VI, respectively. Ultraviolet irradiation of a chloroform solution of II also gave the dimer V, but UV irradiation of I and III was ineffective. The structures of these dimers were established on the basis of their molecular weights, spectral data, and the properties of their dianhydro derivatives.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
AKIHIRO OHTA, YASUO AKITA, YUMIKO NAKANE1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2980-2987
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reactions of 2, 5-diphenyl- (I) and 2, 5-dibenzyl-pyrazine 1-oxides (II) with phosphoryl chloride and acetic anhydride were examined. 2, 5-Dichloro-3, 6-diphenyl- (XI) and 2, 5-dichloro-3, 6-dibenzyl-pyrazines (XIII) were converted to the corresponding 2, 5-diketopiperazines, α-phenylglycine anhydride (XXV) and phenylalanine anhydride (XXVI), respectively. The stereochemistry of the products is discussed. However, attempts to convert 2, 5-dichloro-3, 6-dihydroxymethylpyrazine (XXXIV) to serine anhydride were unsuccessful.View full abstractDownload PDF (998K) -
ALEXANDERF. MARKHAM, EIKO NAKAGAWA, EIKO OHTSUKA, MORIO IKEHARA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2988-2996
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn improved method for the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-catalyzed polymerization of protected ribonucleoside 3'-phosphates (Cp, Ap, Up or Gp) is described. The formation of 5'-O-pyridinium compounds was eliminated and various 5'-O-monomethoxytritylated protected homooligonucleotides could be rapidly isolated in reasonable yields. The isolation and purification of 3', 5'-cyclized oligonucleotides (cCpCp, cUp (Up)n or cGpGp) are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
NAGAYO OTA, MASATOSHI INOUE, YOSHIKI MINO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 2997-3001
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn X-ray diffractometric method was developed for the determination of inulin in plants. Dextrin and α-alumina were used as the diluent and internal standard material, respectively. The plant sample was ground to a powder with a propeller-type mill, because the use of a ball mill markedly reduced the intensity of the diffraction line of inulin. The powdered sample was mixed with α-alumina in an agate mortar for diffractometric analysis. This convenient method (detection limit, 4.0% ; standard deviation, 3.9%) was applied to the determination of inulin in some medicinal plants of the Compositae and Campanulaceae families, and high inulin contents were obtained in the cases of plants such as the dahlia, which were thought to contain a large amount of inulin on the basis of microscopic examination.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K) -
HIDENARI SHIGEMATSU, KAZUO YOSHIDA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3002-3008
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain definite evidence for the participation of cytochrome P-448 in the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent O-deethylation of p-nitrophenetole and to elucidate the role of the NADH-coupled electron transport system in drug hydroxylation systems, in vitro studies were conducted using rat liver microsomes, and the following results were obtained. 1) The NADH-dependent O-deethylation activities in liver microsomes of rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), benzo-[a] pyrene (BP) and 3, 4, 5, 3', 4', 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) were markedly increased (about 20 times), but phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment had a much smaller effect (about 1.5-fold increase). 2) When cytochrome P-448 highly purified from HCB-pretreated rat liver microsomes was added to an incubation mixture for NADH-dependent O-deethylation of p-nitrophenetole, the activity was increased. 3) The synergistic effect of NADH on NADPH-dependent O-deethylation of p-nitrophenetole occurred at the initial stage with untreated microsomes, but not with 3-MC- and HCB-pretreated liver microsomes. On the basis of these results, the role of cytochrome P-448 in NADH-dependent oxidation by liver microsomes and the mechanism of the synergistic effect of NADH are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K) -
KAZUHITO WATANABE, KAZUTA OGURI, HIDETOSHI YOSHIMURA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3009-3014
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSΔ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) glucuronide and Δ8-THC sulfate were chemically synthesized as part of a study of the metabolic conjugation of Δ8-THC. Acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses of these conjugates were examined. Contrary to expectation, Δ8-THC glucuronide was resistant to both acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses. On the other hand, Δ8-THC sulfate was readily hydrolyzed by acid, but not at all by arylsulfatase. In addition, this sulfate ester uncompetitively inhibited the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylsulfate by arylsulfatase. The biliary and urinary excretions of these conjugates were also studied. The Δ8-THC recovered after acid hydrolysis of the 24 hr bile of rats into which Δ8-THC glucuronide or sulfate had been administered accounted for about 43% and 10% of the dose, respectively. The glucuronide and sulfate of Δ8-THC both lacked the cataleptogenic effect of the parent compound. Δ8-THC sulfate exhibited a rather high acute toxicity (LD50 71 mg/kg i.v.), but the glucuronide caused no mortality up to a dose of 50 mg/kg i.v. in the mouse.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
YOSHIO OKADA, MIYUKI OKINAKA, YUKO TSUDA, KOICHI KAWASAKI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3015-3021
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA tetradecapeptide, Z-Leu-Ala-Cys (Bzl)-Ser-Thr-Cys (Bzl)-His-Leu-Ile-Phe-Glu-Gln-His-Ile-OH (A) corresponding to sequence 50-63 of adrenodoxin from bovine adrenal cortex was synthesized. The deblocked peptide obtained from A formed an iron-sulfur complex which showed a broad peak at 418 nm.View full abstractDownload PDF (939K) -
HIROMU SAKURAI, SHIGERU SHIMOMURA, YUKIO SUGIURA, KAZUHIKO ISHIZU1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3022-3028
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral properties of model systems consisting of sulfhydryl- and imidazole-containing peptides (mercaptoacetylhistidine, β-mercaptopropionylhistidine, mercaptoacetylglycylhistidine and mercaptoacetylalanylhistidine) and hemin were studied at pH 7.2. In these systems, mixed spin states of ferric heme were observed, and analysis of the EPR data indicated the formation of three different types of complex. Addition of pyridine to these systems caused a spin transition to a single type of low spin state ferric heme, indicating the formation of-S■-Fe (III)-N coordination. The ligand-field parameters of low spin species of the model systems were calculated and compared with those of cytochrome P-450. A possible reaction sequence and proposed structures of the model complexes formed in the reaction between hemin and peptides in solution are presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
HISASHI ISHII, MAKOTO HAYASHI, TETSUKICHI NIWAGUCHI, YUJI NAKAHARA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3029-3038
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicrobial transformation of the amide congeners of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by Streptomyces roseochromogenes was examined. Derivatives having no methylene group at the (ω-1) position of the amine alkyl chain of the amide function, lysergic acid dimethylamide (LDM) and lysergic acid diallylamide (LDA), were oxidized at the α-position of the amide nitrogen to give the corresponding N-dealkylated products, lysergic acid methylamide (LAM) and lysergic acid allylamide (LAA). On the other hand, derivatives having a methylene group at the (ω-1) position, lysergic acid di-n-propylamide (LDP) and lysergic acid di-n-butylamide (LDB), were oxidized at the (ω-1) position to give pairs of (ω-1) hydroxylation products, 2-hydroxy-LDP and epi-2-hydroxyLDP, and 3-hydroxyLDB and epi-3-hydroxyLDB, together with the corresponding ketomethyl products, 2-oxoLDP and 3-oxoLDB. The predominant formation of 2-hydroxyLDP in the case of LDP indicated that (ω-1) hydroxylation occurred stereospecifically.View full abstractDownload PDF (1090K) -
SUMIRO ISODA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3039-3048
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour isomers of 4-aminomethyl-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (9) were synthesized from 4-cyano-o-toluic acid (2) or cis or trans 2-methyl-4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (5), and the isomers of 4-aminomethyl-3-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (23) were also synthesized from 4-cyano-m-toluic acid (13) or ethyl cis or trans 7-methyl-1, 4-dioxaspiro [4. 5] decane-8-carboxylate (15). The configurations of these isomers were determined on the basis of those of the starting materials and by leading them to dimethyl 2-methylcyclohexane-1, 4-dicarboxylate (12), which was compared with 12 obtained from 5-methylbicyclo [2. 2. 2] oct-2-ene (10). The preferred conformations of the isomers in aqueous solution were deduced from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The antiplasmin activity of t-4-aminomethyl-c-3-methyl-r-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (23B), which is thought to exist in the 1-e, 3-e, 4-e form in aqueous solution, and which was the most active among the compounds tested in this study, was only about 0.64 times that of trans 4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1B).View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K) -
YOSHIKAZU MATSUSHIMA, SETSURO SUGATA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3049-3053
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe kinetics of incorporation of Mn (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) into meso-tetraphenylporphine (H2TPP) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 50°were dependent on the metal salts employed. The reaction was first order in total concentration of Mn (II) acetate, but half order in Co (II) and Ni (II) acetate. In DMF solutions of the metal acetate, an equilibrium exists between the dimer and monomer ; M2 (OAc)4⇌2M (OAc)2. The halforder dependence can be explained as being due to predissociation of the dimer followed by reaction of a monomer with H2TPP. The kinetic results show that Co (II) and Ni (II) acetate exist to a greater extent as the dimer, while Mn (II) acetate exists predominantly as the monomer. The reaction with perchlorate salts was first order in total concentration of Mn (II) and half order in that of Co (II) or Ni (II). The reaction with mixtures of perchlorate and acetate was most rapid at an [OAc]T/[M(II)]T ration of 1.0-1.5 at constant [M (II)]T, where the subscript T indicates total concentrations. It can be concluded that the species M (OAc)+ is more reactive than the fully solvated metal species or the monomeric metal acetate species, M (OAc)2, and their reactivities follow the order Cu (II)>Zn (II)>Co (II)>Ni (II)∼Mn (II).View full abstractDownload PDF (551K) -
HIDEO TAKENAKA, YOSHIAKI KAWASHIMA, SHANYANG LIN1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3054-3060
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Higuchi model was used to interpret the release characteristics of sulfamethoxazole from gelatin-acacia coacervated microcapsules. For dissolution tests in distilled water and disintegration test solutions No. 1 and 2 (J.P. IX), linear correlations were obtained up to 60-80% drug release from the microcapsules. In addition, the in vitro 50% dissolution time (T50) was found to correlate with the coating performance, i.e., thickening and hardening of the microcapsule wall. The release rate decreased with increasing wall thickness of the microcapsules, which effectively delayed the release probably by inhibiting or retarding the diffusion rate of the solute into the medium or out from the microcapsule. An increase of formalization with formaldehyde clearly delayed the release rate. The leaching out of the soluble complex from the microcapsules was illustrated by the dissolution profile, and somewhat enhanced the release rate of sulfamethoxazole. The apparent diffusion coefficient of sulfamethoxazole through the microcapsule wall was found to be 1.63×10-9 to 283×10-9 cm2/sec, and this was a function of coacervation pH and the amount of formaldehyde used as a hardening agent. Tortuosity in the microcapsule wall was determined to be 0.86×102 to 11.4×102, based on the dissolution data in distilled water, and was also influenced by coacervation pH and amount of formaldehyde used.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
HISAKAZU SUNADA, AKINOBU OTSUKA, YOSHIAKI KAWASHIMA, HIDEO TAKENAKA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3061-3065
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe process of agglomeration of powder particles has been simulated on a digital computer by using a two-dimensional coalescence model based on the geometrical model of floc formation proposed by Sutherland. The new concept of coalescence probability was introduced to deal with the slow agglomeration process. Initially, 100 discs of equal size numbered from 1 to 100 were taken as the unit particles. Two discs were chosed randomly and collided with each other. Whether coalescence of the two discs occurred or not was determined by comparing the pseudo-random number generated at every collision with the coalescence probability P ; P=2/(Dsn+1), where Ds is the size of the smaller colliding particle and n is a constant. The disc formed by coalescence was substituted for either of the two colliding discs and the other remained, so that the total number of discs always remained 100 throughout the computation. The average floc size increased with time until an equilibrium state was reached, and the process followed first-order kinetics.View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
TADAO MAEDA, HIROSHI TAKENAKA, YOSHIYA YAMAHIRA, TAKESHI NOGUCHI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3066-3072
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of stomach-emptying control on the physiological state of rabbits was examined. An improved"cangue method"for stomach-emptying control is described and compared with the previously reported"muzzle method."The increment of rabbit body weight indicated that pre-feeding of the special solid diet to rabbits in both methods did not affect their physiological state. Physiological normality of these rabbits was also confirmed in terms of urine pH and packed cell volume. The cangue method was found to be superior to the muzzle method as regards easy operation, the prevention of coprophagy and negligible damage to the stomach during the process of gastric lavage. Analysis of hemocytological and clinico-biochemical data suggested that the physiological state of rabbits is hardly affected by stomach-emptying control using either method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1266K) -
TAKEHIKO KATO, YAYOI HIRAGA, YUMIKO TAKAHASHI, TOSHIO KINOSHITA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3073-3077
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDichlorofluorescin was found to be greatly stabilized against autoxidation by complex formation with cycloheptaamylose. This finding facilitated the practical use of dichlorofluorescin in the ultramicrodetermination of serum uric acid and glucose. Only 5 μl and 2.5 μl of serum were required for the determination of uric acid and glucose, respectively. This procedure is especially useful for the assay of these compounds in diluted serum, and should reduce the number and amount of samples required for chemical diagnosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
AKIRA TANAKA, TOSHINAO USUI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3078-3085
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAddition of amines to α-(2-furyl)-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) ethynyl (I) gave N-substituted α-(2-furyl)-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinylamines. Bromination of I gave stereoisomers which were identified as E- and Z-forms, judging from their ultraviolet absorption spectra. The reaction of I with N-substituted pyridinium ylides was not uniform. Only the common indolizines, namely 3-substituted 1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl) indolizines, were obtained by reaction in dioxane, whereas 3-substituted 1-(4-alkylated 5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl)-indolizines were isolated by reaction in dimethylformamide, together with the common indolizines.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
TENJI KONISHI, JUNZO SHOJI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3086-3094
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAsp-IV, V, VI and VII, the major furostanol oligosides, have been isolated from the methanol extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis (LOUREIO) MERRILL (Liliaceae). The structures of Asp-IV, V, VI and VII have been established as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxyfurostane-3β, 26-diol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxyfurostane-3β, 26-diol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxyfurostane-3β, 26-diol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxyfurostane-3β, 26-diol 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)] [β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)] [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), respectively. Amethoxyl group at C-22 of each furostanol oligoside is converted to a hydroxyl group by boiling in aqueous acetone. The interconversions between methoxyl and hydroxyl groups at C-22 of the furostanol oligosides were investigated and the genuine furostanol oligosides of Asparagi radix appear to be of the hydroxyl type, based on comparative studies of the methanol and pyridine extracts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
TOHRU SUGAWARA, HIROTOMO MASUYA, TAISUKE MATSUO, TAKUICHI MIKI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3095-3100
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStarting from cephalosporin thiolactones (1), a sequence of reactions (bromination, hydrolysis, oxidation and opening of the dioxo thiophene ring) yielded 3-carboxyceph-3-ems (10). Several reactions of thiolactone derivatives are also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K) -
OSAMU HOSHINO, MINORU OHTANI, BUNSUKE UMEZAWA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3101-3105
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Hydroxylated aporphines, (±)-predicentrine (4a), (±)-isodomesticine (4b), (±)-boldine (4c) and (±)-2, 10-dihydroxy-1, 9-dimethoxyaporphine (4d), were prepared. The key step is acid-catalyzed cyclization of the appropriate o-quinol acetates (2).View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
HIDEO BANDO, TAKASHI AMIYA, HIROSHI MITSUHASHI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3106-3110
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA chemical acyl migration equilibrium between 12β-hydroxyl and 20-hydroxyl groups was found to depend on the C-17 and C-20 configurations in C/D-cis-polyoxypregnane derivatives. In the case of 20S derivatives with a 17α-side chain, the equilibrium mixture was separated to afford 12β-ester compound and 20S-ester compound. On the other hand, separation of the equilibrium mixture of the 20R compound with a 17α-side chain was difficult, since the 20-ester compound changed to an equilibrium mixture at room temperature. In both 20S and 20R compounds having a 17β-side chain, acyl migration was not observed, and the starting material were recovered.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
KAZUTAKE SHIMADA, EMIKO UMEZAWA, TOSHIO NAMBARA, S.MORRIS KUPCHAN1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3111-3114
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix cardiotonic steroids were isolated from bulbs of Urginea altissima BAKER and identified as hellebrigenin, scilliglaucosidin, scilliglaucosidin-3-one, altoside, hellebrigenin β-D-glucoside, and scilliglaucosidin α-L-rhamnoside.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
KENICHIRO INOUE, YOSHIO TAKEDA, HIROSHI HISHIMURA, HIROYUKI INOUYE1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3115-3122
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA biogenetic-type transformation of geniposide (9) into plumieride (1) was carried out. The tetraacetyl-geniposide (12) prepared from geniposide (9) via 10-dehydrogeniposide (10) was subjected to sensitized photooxygenation to give tetraacetyl-gardenoside (13). Oxidation of the allylic hydroxy group of 13, followed by condensation of the resulting aldehyde (23) with ethyl acetoacetate afforded tetraacetyl-13-dehydroplumieride (24). This compound (24), on reduction followed by acetylation, gave a pair of epimers, 28 and 29, of which the major one (28) was deacetylated to give plumieride (1).View full abstractDownload PDF (990K) -
YOSHIRO KOBAYASHI, TAKEO TAGUCHI, MIDORI MAMADA, HIROKO SHIMIZU, HAJIM ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3123-3129
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRing opening reactions of acetoxydifluorocyclopropanes with various nucleophiles were investigated. Alkaline hydrolysis of acetoxydifluorocyclopropane afforded the α, α-difluoro ketone, α-fluoro enone and, in the case of 4, α-fluoro-β-methoxy ketone (8), while reactions with CH3Li, Grignard reagent and LiAlH4 gave the corresponding fluoro allyl alcohol derivatives (15) exclusively, in good yields. The reaction of 3 with CH3MgI in the presence of CuBr afforded 2-fluoro-3-methylcyclotridecanone (21).View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
ATSUSHI HIRAOKA, MASAAKIRA MAEDA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3130-3136
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new acylated flavonol glucoside was isolated from the fronds of a Philippine Pterophyta species, Cyathea contaminans COPEL. (Cyatheaceae) and chemically characterized as kaempferol-7-(6"-succinyl)-glucoside. This is the first report of s succinyl ester of a flavonoid glycoside and this compound was named pteroflavonoloside. The distribution of pteroflavonoloside in 57 species of 11 genera belonging to the three representative families of pterophyta is also discussed from the viewpoint of chemotaxonomy and biochemical systematics.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
MASAYOSHI YAMAGUCHI, TAKEO YAMAMOTO, AKIRA HASEGAWA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3137-3139
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of radiocalcium in the blood, liver, kidneys, femur, and bile were investigated after a single subcutaneous administration of 45CaCl2 to fasted rats. The radioactivity (dpm/g wet tissue) of 45Ca in the blood, liver, and kidneys gradually increased after the administration of 45CaCl2, while the radioactivity of 45Ca in the femur and bile was markedly elevated. The increase of radioactivity of 45Ca in the bile was greater than that in the femur. Meanwhile, the radioactivity of 45Ca in the whole liver per 100 g body weight was markedly increased 15 min after the administration of 45CaCl2. However, the radioactivity of 45Ca in the bile per 100 g body weight was only slightly increased 15 min after the administration of 45CaCl2, and then began to increase sharply. Furthermore, the excretion of radiocalcium into the urine and feces was examined after a single subcutaneous administration of 45CaCl2 to rats. The radioactivity of 45Ca in the feces was about 30 times that of the urine. It seems likely that the excretion of calcium into the feces through the bile plays a physiological role in the regulation of calcium metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
KATSUHIKO SAIDO, SHIGEYASU MOTOHASHI, TAKESHI KUROKI, TADASHI IKEMURA, ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3140-3144
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thermal behavior of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (monoester) was investigated in a batch system over the temperature range from 80 to 250°. After a 12 hr reaction period, around 7% of the monoester was decomposed at 80°. The decomposition reached 50% at 150°and 90% at 250°. The reaction products were bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP ; 53% at 200°), 2-ethylhexanol and phthalic anhydride. The monoester reacted poorly with water, under-going hydrolysis only with difficulty. In addition, cis-elimination did not occur. The mechanism of the decomposition is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
MAKIKO SUGIURA, NARAO TAKAO, KINUKO IWASA, YOSHIO SASAKI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3144-3149
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conformations of six benzo [a] quinolizidine derivatives were studied in terms of the 13C chemical shifts at the C-6 and other positions. The 9, 10, 11-trimethoxyl derivatives (IV, V and VI) predominantly adopt the cis"a"conformation, whereas I, II and III are predominantly in the trans conformation. The equilibrium state"trans⇄cis"a""is discussed in terms of the population of the trans conformer, using an empirical approach.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
KAZUKO OHTA, ISSEI TAKAYANAGI, ETSUKO HIBI, KEIJIRO TAKAGI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3149-3152
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Substituted 5-piperidinomethylfuran derivatives were synthesized and their atropine-like and antihistamine activities were tested. The pA2 values of the tested compounds for atropine-like activity were 7.50 to 5.21, less than that for atropine. The antihistamine activities (pA2 values : 6.64 to 4.31) were much less than that of chlorpheniramine. Methylation of piperidine essentially did not affect the atropine-like activities but considerably decreased both the competitive and noncompetitive antihistamine activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
ABDELAZIZ DAWIDAR, EFFAT ABUMUSTAFA, GUNTER RUCKER, EZZ ELKHRISY, RAGA ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3153-3155
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new sesquiterpenoid coumarin, marmaricin, C24H30O4, was isolated from the roots of Ferula marmarica L., grown in Egypt. The carbon skeleton of the sesquiterpenoid moiety was identified by selenium dehydrogenation, yielding 1, 2, 5, 6-tetramethylnaphthalene. The coumarin moiety was determined by acid cleavage to give umbelliferone. The structure of marmaricin was assigned on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
JUN HAGINAKA, KIYOSHI YAMAOKA, TERUMICHI NAKAGAWA, YOSHIHARU NISHIMURA ...1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3156-3159
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of food ingestion on the bioavailability of cephalexin in humans was investigated. The amounts of urinary excretion following single oral doses to healthy male subjects were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the bioavailability was evaluated by means of moment analysis of excretion rate-time curves. The ingestion of test meals (high carbohydrate, high protein and high fat) delayed the excretion rate with the peaks approximately two-thirds lower and 1-1.5 hr later than that in fasting subjects, but did not affect the total excretion amounts. No significant difference was found among the test meals. The moment analysis indicated that the rate of bioavailability increased by an average of 71% following food ingestion without significant change in the extent of bioavailability.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
JUNKO OGINO, KAZUYO NOGUCHI, KUNIAKI TERATO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3160-3163
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdsorption of secretin on a silicone-coated glass surface was compared with that onto a non-coated surface using controlled pore glass beads. The silicone-coated glass beads adsorbed 20 times more secretin than the non-coated beads. The adsorption was slightly affected by pH and amino acids, but was reduced to an insignificant amount in the presence of bovine serum albumin. It is suggested that the preferential adsorption of this peptide hormone onto a silicone-coated glass surface is probably the result of hydrophobic attraction between non-polar moieties of the secretin molecule and non-polar portions of the silicone membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
HIDEAKI UMEYAMA, TAKAO MATSUZAKI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3164-3166
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe origin of the rotational barriers in borane molecular complexes, H3N-BH3, H3N-BF3, (CH3)3N-BH3, (CH3)3N-BF3 and (CH3)3N-B(CH3)3, was shown to be the exchange repulsion by ab initio closed shell LCAO MO SCF calculations. The substituent effects of methyl groups and fluorines on the rotational barrier were attributed to the changes of the exchange repulsion.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
TSUNETOSHI KAITO, KAZUHIKO SAGARA, KONOMI IKUNAGA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3167-3170
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVanillin reacts with o-phenylenediamine·2HCl in absolute ethanol to form a strongly fluorescent product which has excitation and emission maxima at 344 nm and 400 nm, respectively. Based on this reaction, a method for the fluorometric determination of vanillin was established. A linear relationship was observed between the vanillin concentration in the range from 0.005 to 2μg/ml and the fluorescence intensity. The fluorescent product was assigned as 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) benzimidazole by comparison with the authentic material obtained by synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
TAKASHI ABIKO, IKUKO ONODERA, HIROSHI SEKINO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3171-3175
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal amino acid sequence (residues 19-28) of bovine thymosin α1 was synthesized using HONB-WSCI as a coupling reagent. After incubation of lymphocytes with various amounts of the decapeptide from 10 to 100 μg/ml in the presence of serum from a patient with nephrotic syndrome, recovery of E-rosette formation was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
TAKEO HIGASHINO, TATSUHIKO KATORI, SHIZUO YOSHIDA, EISAKU HAYASHI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3176-3179
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrignard reactions of 3-methyl- (1m) and 3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-d] pyrimidine (1p) resulted in the formation of 7-alkyl-6, 7-dihydro-3-methyl- (2m) and 7-alkyl-6, 7-dihydro-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-d] pyrimidines (2p) in moderate yields. These dihydro compounds 2m and 2p were converted into 7-alkyl-3-methyl- (3m) and 7-alkyl-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-d] pyrimidines (3p), respectively, by oxidation with potassium ferricyanide.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
HIDEAKI UMEYAMA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3180-3182
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClosed shell LCAO-SCF-MO calculations were carried out for the chloride anion cryptate, which is of interest in connection with organic anion receptors and carriers. In the Cl- cryptate of [(C9H18)3(NH)2Cl]+Cl-, Cl- is encapsulated in the host molecule. Since the positions of the two protons bonded to the two nitrogens of the host molecule were not determined in the reported X-ray diffraction analyses, the positions of the two protons in the inclusion complex were decided by calculation using the ab initio molecular orbital method. A structure N+-H…Cl-…H-N+ in which Cl- is in between the two nitrogens was most stable at values of γ(NN) less than 7.0 Å. The structure N+-H…Cl-…H-N+ was most stable at γ(NN)=6.023 Å. In the most stable structure, the two protons are covalently bonded to the two nitrogens. The structure obtained by geometry optimization for the two ammonium ions and Cl- was similar to that determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
KAORU FUJI, KOHEI ICHIKAWA, EIICHI FUJITA1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3183-3185
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA versatile total synthesis of fire ant venom, solenopsin A (1), is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
YASUMITSU TAMURA, HIROHISA SHINDO, JUNICHI UENISHI, HIROYUKI ISHIBASHI1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3186-3188
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe α, α'-dianion III or IV derived from the β-ketosulfoxide I or II reacted with alkyl halide, carbonyl compound, Schiff base, ester, and α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compound to give exclusively the α'-substituted β-ketosulfoxide V or VI.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
YASUNORI MORIMOTO, KENJI SUGIBAYASHI, YUKIYA YAMAGUCHI, YOSHIO KATO1979 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 3188-3192
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe drug extraction ability of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro drug extraction into the emulsion was determined using a dialysis system and was significant compared to the control. Blood concentration of salicyclic acid, selected as a model drug, co-administered with the multiple emulsion to rabbits was significantly lower than in the control. The in vitro and in vivo experimental results suggest that the emulsion may be useful for the emergency treatment of drug overdose.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K)