All issues
Volume 28, Issue 4
Displaying 1-50 of 58 articles from this issue
-
MITSURU HASHIDA, TOSHIO YOSHIOKA, SHOZO MURANISHI, HITOSHI SEZAKI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1009-1015
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of microsphere-in-oil (S/O) emulsion relating to the stability and drug release properties were investigated in comparison with those of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The mean globule sizes of the S/O emulsion and W/O emulsion were 1.6 μm and 1.9 μm, respectively. Visual observation of phase separation revealed that the S/O emulsion was more stable than the W/O emulsion, in good agreement with the results of microscopic observation of the globule coalescence. The S/O emulsion remained stable even after storage in a freezer for one month, whereas the W/O emulsion was completely destroyed by freezing. Concerning the rheological properties, both emulsions showed non-Newtonian plastic flow, but the S/O emulsion had a larger viscosity. Examination of the drug release characteristics showed that the S/O emulsion offered stable incorporation of a drug into the innermost aqueous phase even after redispersion into gelatin solution, in accord with the results of microscopic observation. These results suggest the superiority of the S/O emulsion as a drug delivery system. The reason for this is discussed in relation to several criteria having to do with physical properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
HARUHISA UEDA, KIMIO HIGASHIYAMA, TSUNEJI NAGAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1016-1021
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bindings of tolbutamide and chlorpropamide to bovine serum albumin and to acetylated bovine serum albumin were studied by nuclear magnetic relaxation techniques in order to determine which protons of the drug molecules are involved in the interaction. The effects of the bovine serum albumin concentration and pH on the relaxation rate of each proton were examined. A marked increase in the relaxation rate of each proton was observed with the addition of bovine serum albumin or acetylated bovine serum albumin. Relatively large effects on the relaxation rates of the α-methylene group of tolbutamide and that of chlorpropamide were observed upon addition of bovine serum albumin and change of pH. It is suggested that the sulfonylurea moiety (-SO2NHCONH-) of both drugs is the major binding site, so that the relaxation rates of the nearby α-methylene protons are most affected. The next largest increase was in the relaxation rates of phenyl protons of both drugs, suggesting that the phenyl moiety might be another site of drug-protein interaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (646K) -
HIROZUMI INOUE, IKUO IIJIMA, MIKIO TAKEDA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1022-1034
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS9-Amino-1-(m-hydroxyphenyl) bicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonanes (Va) and their seven-membered homologs (Vb) were synthesized as potential analgetic agents. Condensation of acryloyl chloride with the morpholine enamine of the cyclohexanone (1a) gave the diketone (4a). Ketalization of 4a followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction gave the 9-oxo derivative (11), which was converted to the 9-amino derivative (16) via the oxime (12). Condensation of acryloyl chloride and the morpholine enamine of the cycloheptanone (1b) gave the imminium salt (3b). Reaction of 3b with NH2OH occurred regiospecifically to give the 9-oxo-10-oxime (19). The oxime (19) was ultimately converted to the 10-amino derivative (27) via the amino-alcohol (21). LiAlH4 reduction of the 10-endo-ethoxycarbamoyl derivative (25) and its 9-hydroxy derivative (23) anomalously gave epimeric mixtures of the 10-methylamino derivatives. From the primary amines 16 and 27, various N-substituted derivatives were prepared for pharmacological evaluation. None showed significant activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1519K) -
AKIKO ITAI, YOICHI IITAKA, SHIGEO NOZOE1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1035-1042
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structures of two derivatives of a sesterterpene, ophiobolin D, were determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses. The final R-factors were 0.09 for both compounds. On the basis of their stereo-structures, it is suggested that the compounds are formed by different types of transannular reaction in an eight-membered ring, i. e., a migration of a double bond and a cyclization to yield a novel ring system composed of four fused five-membered rings.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
AKIKO ITAI, SHIGEO NOZOE1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1043-1050
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo different types of transannular reactions occurred in the eight-membered rings of ophiobolin D derivatives during decarboxylation and mild base treatment of the decarboxylated product. Possible reaction mechanisms, together with the chemical and spectral properties of these compounds, are presented on the basis of the configuration and conformation of two key compounds determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K) -
MEGUMI ITOH, MASAHIRO NAKANO, KAZUHIKO JUNI, HITOSHI SEKIKAWA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1051-1055
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe preparation of ethylcellulose-polylactic acid microcapsules with long release half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents was investigated. The microcapsules were prepared by means of coacervation-phase separation of ethylcellulose from ethyl acetate solution by nonsolvent addition in the presence of polylactic acid. In the case of sulfamethizole microcapsules, longer release half-life was obtained with larger amounts of polylactic acid in the preparation. The release rate of sulfamethizole was not very dependent on the pH of the release media. 5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicin hydrochloride were similarly microencapsulated. 5-Fluorouracil microcapsules were sieved prior to release studies. A release half life of 2.6 hr was obtained with the 5-fluorouracil microcapsules. In the case of doxorubicin microcapsules, the drug was released with a half-life of 84 min, whereas uncoated doxorubicin dissolved completely within 15 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
MINAKO TANAKA, NORIO YANAGIBASHI, HIDENORI FUKUDA, TSUNEJI NAGAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1056-1061
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOintments containing salicylic acid were applied to the cheek pouch of the hamster, and the influence of the type of base on drug absorption at the mucous membrane of the oral cavity was examined. Clear differences in absorption were found : emulsion base water-soluble base oleaginous base. Furthermore, the absorption of salicylic acid into the blood was closely related to drug retention in the tissue of the mucous membrane. The results of in vitro membrane permeation experiments corresponded very well with the results of the absorption experiments in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (652K) -
YASUO FUJIMOTO, MARIKO KAMIYA, HIROSHI TSUNODA, KOICHIRO OHTSUBO, TAKA ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1062-1066
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToxicological research on the metabolites of Penicillium carneo-lutescens was carried out by us, and mycophenolic acid and botryodiplodin were isolated and detected as the two main toxic metabolites of this fungi. The cytotoxicity of mycophenolic acid and the injuries on the thymus and the spleen caused by botryodiplodn were came to light.View full abstractDownload PDF (621K) -
HITOSHI MATSUMOTO, MASAYOSHI ASAKURA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1067-1070
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption and emission spectra of anethole trithione in various solvents were studied. In methylcyclohexane, an (n→π*) absorption band was clearly observed in the longer wavelength region. It was postulated that anethole trithione emits fluorescence from the S2(1(π, π*)) state on the basis of the positions of its maxima and excitation spectra. Judging from the solvent effect on the phosphorescence spectra and the lifetimes, the phosphorescence was assigned as (π*→n). The intensity ratio of fluorescence and phosphorescence was larger in methylcyclohexane than in MeOH. This phenomenon is explained using energy level diagrams.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
MASAO OKAMOTO, SHUNSAKU OHTA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1071-1076
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethyl 1, 2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2-a] benzo [f] indole-5, 10-dione-11-carboxylate (9) was synthesized starting from 2, 3-dichloronaphthoquinone (2) through a five-step procedure including a novel cyclization reaction to methyl 1-acetyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-6H-naphtho-[2, 3-b] azocine-5, 7, 12-trione-6-carboxylate (13).View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
TSUTOMU MIMURA, HIROSHI TSUJIBO, NORIO MUTO, SATOMI OTSUKA, SHIGERU AO ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1077-1081
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn active principle having gastric juice secretion-inhibiting activity in pylorus-ligated rats was purified from the ethanol extract of dried brewer's yeast by column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, and gel filtration on a Sephadex LH-20. The active principle was a fatty acid mixture, consisting of C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1 (palmitoleic acid), C18 : 0, C18 : 1 (oleic acid), and C18 : 2 (linoleic acid) as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the methyl esters. The biological activity of each identified fatty acid on gastric juice secretion was assayed in pylorus-ligated rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg (i. p.); the C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C15 : 0, and C16 : 0 acids markedly decreased gastric juice volume, total acid output, and total peptic activity. Gastric volume and total acid output were significantly inhibited by C16 : 1 acid, and the gastric volume was inhibited by C18 : 2 acid. Among the C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C15 : 0, and C16 : 0 acids, the C12 : 0 and C14 : 0 acids significantly prevented ulcer formation in pylorus-ligated rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
YOSHIHARU MACHIDA, TSUNEJI NAGAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1082-1089
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitro dissolution tests by the U.S.P. rotating basket method were carried out on double layer tablets of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PDH) or sodium riboflavin phosphate (SRP) held in a simple powder mixture (PM) and a spray-dried mixture (SDM) of hydroxy-propyl cellulose and lactose according to four different formulae. The dissolution properties of these tablets could be controlled by adjusting the amounts of drug combined into the PM layer and SDM layer and the volumes of the layers. In order to confirm the practical utility of the present dosage form, an absorption study was carried out in healthy male volunteers, using tablets containing PDH or SRP. The drug powder, mixed powder of the components of the tablet, or the same tablets used in the dissolution tests were administered orally and the urinary excretion of total VB6 or VB2 was determined. The maximum excretion time was delayed quite markedly in the slowest releasing PDH and SRP tablets. The long half-life observed after the administration of the slowest releasing tablet of SRP appeared to be due to the low value of maximum excretion and the contirruance of slow nonspecific drug absorption from the tablet, which retained about 60% of the initial drug content after passing the major absorption site. Plots of cumulative excretion amount against the amount dissolved in vitro at various periods indicated approximately constant absorption of VB6 over a wide region of the intestine and were consistent with specific transport of VB2 at the proximal region of the small intestine, as reported by Levy et al.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K) -
KIYOSHI NAKABAYASHI, TSUGIO SHIMAMOTO, HIROYUKI MIMA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1090-1098
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDeterioration of solid dosage forms due to the change of moisture content was investigated in moisture-semipermeable packages, including overwrapped packaging systems. For the purpose of predicting the shelf life in a drug-package combination, a mathematical model based on the physico-chemical properties of the drug and the moisture permeabilities of the packaging materials was derived. The mathematical model was incorporated with an iteration procedure over a time interval of several days, taking into account the fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity during prolonged storage. In this study, changes in the hardness of lactose-cornstarch tablets were investigated in strip packs and press-through packs with or without an overwrap film. The values of the hardness and the moisture content for the tablets in these moisture-semipermeable packages were studied under various atmospheric conditions, and were also predicted by means of the iteration procedure. There was reasonable agreement between the actual data and the predicted values, indicating that the iteration procedure through the mathematical model derived here is useful for the shelf-life prediction.View full abstractDownload PDF (842K) -
KIYOSHI NAKABAYASHI, TSUGIO SHIMAMOTO, HIROYUKI MIMA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1099-1106
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShelf-life prediction for solid dosage forms that are affected by the moisture content and ambient temperature was investigated in moisture-semipermeable packages. In this study, the color change of a sugar-coated tablet containing ascorbic acid in the core was examined. The kinetics of the color change was studied on the basis of the empirical formulae described by Carstensen et al. A mathematical model, based on the kinetics of the color change and the moisture permeabilities of the packages, was derived in order to predict the shelf life of the tablets in strip pack or press-through pack under various atmospheric conditions. The mathematical model was used with an iterative calculation procedure with a time interval of several days, taking into account the fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity during storage. Reasonable agreement was found between the actual data and the predicted values. The iteration procedure using the mathematical model derived here was found to be useful for predicting the shelf life of solid dosage forms in moisture-semipermeable packages under various conditions of humidity and temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
KIYOSHI NAKABAYASHI, TSUGIO SHIMAMOTO, HIROYUKI MIMA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1107-1111
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe kinetics of the color change (ΔE) of sugar-coated tablets containing ascorbic acid in the core was studied by means of a differentiation procedure. The time course of ΔE for the cores under accelerated deterioration conditions was fitted to a curve, and the curve was differentiated with respect to time. The apparent rate constant for the color change was estimated from the differential coefficient on the assumption of an appropriate reaction order. The other kinetic parameters were obtained on the basis of the formulae described by Carstensen et al. The values of ΔE and moisture content for the tablets were examined in moisture-semipermeable packages kept in a storehouse for two years, and compared with the values predicted by an iterative calculation procedure using a mathe-matical model based on the moisture permeabilities and the kinetic parameters obtained here. The predicted values of ΔE in this study coincided well with the observed data, and it was found that there was a reasonable agreement between the shelf lives predicted in this study and those predicted in the previous paper. Thus, it might be concluded that the differential analysis procedure was useful for kinetic studies of the deterioration of solid dosage forms under the influence of the moisture content and ambient temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
KOOHEI NOZAWA, SHOICHI NAKAJIMA, KENICHI KAWAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1112-1116
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS6-Chloro-3, 5-dimethoxyhomophthalic acid (I) was synthesized as a key intermediate for the synthesis of radicicol and isocoumarins of natural origin, via a sequence of reactions including cyclization of 3-(2-chloro-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) propionic acid (XIV) to 4-chloro-5, 7-dimethoxyindan-1-one (XVI) and oxidative decomposition of methyl (4-chloro-2, 3-dihydro-5, 7-dimethoxy-1-oxo-1H-inden-2-ylidene) hydroxyacetate (XVII) to I as key steps.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
YOSHINOBU GOTO, TOKIHIRO NIIYA, HIROSHI YAMANAKA, TAKAO SAKAMOTO, TANE ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1117-1124
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reactivity of active methyl and methylene groups of nitrogen-containing hetero-aromatics with alkyl nitrite in the presence of an amide ion is discussed in terms of the charge transfer ability (CTA) values according to CNDO/2 as well as PPP calculations. Intermolecular perturbation energy calculation was also applied to interpret this nitrosation. The experimental results of nitrosation can be reasonably well interpreted in terms of the CTA values in the deprotonation step of this reaction. The binding energies of methylheteroaromatics are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
YOSHIHARU MACHIDA, HIROSHI MASUDA, NORIMASA FUJIYAMA, MASANORI IWATA, ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1125-1130
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the aim of developing a dosage form for the treatment of carcinoma colli, stick-like preparations containing bleomycin hydrochloride (BLM), carboquone (CQ), and 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU) held in a mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbopol 934 (CP) were prepared and clinically tested in volunteers suffering from carcinoma colli after various in vitro tests. The results of preliminary tests of drug release using the agar gelbed method indicated that the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate enhanced the release of CQ, but the effect was not very great. Therefore, in order to enhance the release of CQ, the contents of HPC in the base and CQ were increased. The preparations of BLM and 5-FU of 2 mm diameter showed faster drug release than those of 4 mm diameter according to the Kerami filter method. In the preparations of 4 mm diameter, the release of CQ took place at almost the same rate as that of BLM, i. e., about 40% within 24 hr, due to the modification of the formula for the preparation of CQ. In the case of the preparation of 5-FU, the release was so rapid that about 100% of the drug was released within 24 hr. The present Kerami filter method seemed suitable and convenient for measuring the drug release from the present dosage forms. Clinical examination indicated the stick-like shape of the present dosage form to be favorable for the treatment of foci in the cervical canal. A high percentage of complete disappearance of the cancerous focus was obtained for patients of stage 0 in the cases of BLM and 5-FU, and a similar result was obtained for stage Ia in the case of CQ.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
KAZUO KUBO, NORIKI ITO, YASUO ISOMURA, MASUO MURAKAMI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1131-1136
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of 11-methyl-6-oxo-3, 4-dihydro-2H, 6H-1, 3-thiazino [3, 2-b] isoquinoline (I) or the corresponding sulfone (II) with hydrogen peroxide led to a ring enlargement reaction to give a β-keto-sulfone, 1, 6-methano-1-methyl-7, 12-dioxo-4, 5, 7-trihydro-1H, 3H-benzo [g]-1, 5-thiazonine 2, 2-dioxide (III), which was further converted into an enolsulfone, 12-methyl-7-oxo-3H, 7H-4, 5-dihydro-2, 1, 4-oxathiazepino [4, 3-b] isoquinoline 2, 2-dioxide (VI), by thermal rearrangement. These ring enlargement and thermal rearrangement reactions involve intramolecular migration of the sulfonyl group. On treatment with sodium hydroxide, compound III gave 5-methyl-3, 3a-dihydro-2H, 5H-[2] benzothio-pyrano [4, 3-b] pyrrole 4, 4-dioxide (VIII), presumably by hydrolysis and intramolecular condensation. Reaction of compound I with chlorine in the presence of water gave 3-(4-chloro-4-methyl-1, 3-dioxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl) propanesulfonyl chloride (X) by ring opening, while compound II gave an additicn product, 11, 11a-dichloro-11-methyl-6-oxo-3, 4, 11, 11a-tetrahydro-2H, 6H-1, 3-thiazino [3, 2-b] isoquinoline 1, 1-dioxide (XIII), as the major product.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
TAKASHI NISHITANI, TAMEO IWASAKI, YOSHITAKA MUSHIKA, ICHIZO INOUE, MUN ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1137-1141
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS3-Acylamino-3-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl) propionates (3a, b) and 4-acylamino-4-(5-fluoro-uracil-1-yl) butyrates (3c-e) were synthesized from 3-acylamino-3-carboxypropionates (1a, b) and 4-acylamino-4-carboxybutyrates (1c-e), respectively, via electrochemical oxidation. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of the benzyl esters (3a, c, d) gave the corresponding carboxylic acids (4a', c', d') without cleavage of the geminal diamine moieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
YO UEDA, YUKIO ONO, HIROSHIGE YANO, YUKIKO SAKAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1142-1149
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe theoretically proposed structures of activated complexes in polarographic redox reactions of unsaturated organic compounds were shown to be valid without exception in the cases of the oxidation reactions examined. Additional data supporting the validity of the assumption for reduction reactions were also obtained. The MASP-HMO method was very useful for the calculation of π-stabilization energies of para- and meta-disubstituted aromatic compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
YOSHIHIRO SATO, YOSHIKO SONODA, HAZIME SAITO1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1150-1156
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deuterated and undeuterated 21- and 22-methyl derivatives of the 23, 24, 25, 26, 27-pentanor analogs of cholesterol and dihydrolanosterol were synthesized. As starting materials, (20S)- and (20R)-3β-acetoxybisnorchol-5-en-22-oic acid and (20S)- and (20R)-3β-acetoxy-23, 24, 25, 26, 27-pentanorlanost-8-en-22-oic acid were used. The deuterium relaxation times of the two groups of compounds were measured and the relationship between the T1 values and the structures was examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
CHIKARA KANEKO, HARUE FUJII, SHINJI KAWAI, ATSUSHI YAMAMOTO, KAZUHIKO ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1157-1171
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel photochemical ring-contraction reaction of 5-unsubstituted 3, 1-benzoxazepines and their 5-halogeno or carboxyl derivatives to yield 3-formylindoles in an aprotic solvent is reported. This ring contraction was successfully extended to oxazepines having an alkoxycarbonyl function at the 5-position to give the indoles having this function at the 3-position. Though most of the oxazepines underwent the ring-contraction reaction only on irradiation at 254 nm, 5-carboxy derivatives or their esters afforded the ring-contraction products even at ≥ 300 nm. The intermediacy of 3H-indole species in these photochemical ring-contraction reactions was demonstrated by the isolation of methyl 3-acetyl-2-phenyl-3H-indole-3-carboxylate during the photolysis of methyl 4-methyl-2-phenyl-3, 1-benzoxazepine-5-carboxylate. It was found that this 3H-indole afforded methyl 6-and 4-acetyl-2-phenyl-indole-3-carboxylates upon further irradiation. The mechanism of this acetyl migration is discussed based on the result of the photochemical acetyl migration of methyl 1-acetyl-2-phenylindole-3-carboxylate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1604K) -
TOSHIO MIYASE, AKIRA UENO, TADATAKA NORO, SEIGO FUKUSHIMA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1172-1177
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bark of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya MIQ. afforded a new chalcone, lespeol (I), together with xanthoangelol (II). The heartwood of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya MIQ. afforded two new isoflav-3-ens, haginin A (IIIa) and B (IVa), together with genistein, daidzein, dalbergioidin, 3, 9-dihydroxypterocarp-6a-en and isoliquiritigenin. The structures were estab-lished on the basis of chemical and spectral data.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
KIYOSHI IKEDA, TOSHIAKI MORIMOTO, MINORU SEKIYA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1178-1182
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new N-alkylamidomethylation reaction at electron-rich carbons has been developed using 1, 3, 5-trialkylhexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine in the presence of acetyl chloride. This reaction was carried out not only with aromatics such as phenols, alkoxybenzenes and aromatic amines, but also olefins such as styrene and vinyl ethers.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
KEIJIRO TAKAGI, EUNHEE PARK, HITOSHI KATO1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1183-1188
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anti-inflammatory activities of hederagenin and crude saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi GAERTN were investigated utilizing carrageenin-induced edema, granuloma pouch and adjuvant arthritis in rats. The effects of these agents on vascular permeability and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice were also examined. In some experiments, the results were compared with those obtained with saikogenin A, crude platycodin, platycodigenin and oleanolic acid. Anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin edema was observed with i. p. and p. o. administered crude saponin, while hederagenin and the other agents used showed activity only when administered i. p. Hederagenin, 100 and 200 mg/kg p. o. per day for 7 days, showed no significant inhibitory effect on granuloma and exudate formations in rats, while crude saponin, 100 and 200 mg/kg p. o., showed significant effects. Crude saponin, 200 mg/kg p. o. per day for 21 days, significantly inhibited the development of hind paw edema associated with adjuvant arthritis in rats, but hederagenin, 50-200 mg/kg p. o., did not. Crude saponin, 400 mg/kg p. o., inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhings induced by acetic acid in mice. The results suggest that hederagenin and crude saponin, as well as the other agents used, show some degree of anti-inflammatory activity, especially in the case of saponin.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
HIROSHI KUMAGAI, KAZUEI IGARASHI, IKUKO TSUJI, CHIZUKO MORI, SEIYU HIR ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1189-1195
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpermine stimulated the hydrolysis of 2', 3'-cyclic phosphates of cytidine and uridine by bovine pancreatic RNase A, the degree of stimulation being considerably greater with the former substrate. Similar effects of spermine were obtained with benzyl esters of 3'-cytidylic acid and 3'-uridylic acid as substrates. The degree of stimulation by spermine of the breakdown of poly (C) decreased with decrease in the molecular weight of poly (C), while the degradation of poly (U) was not influenced significantly by spermine in the molecular weight range of poly (U) from 30000 to 85000. Kinetic studies showed that polyamines did not significantly change the apparent Km of the enzyme for any substrate tested, but increased the maximal velocity of the reaction when stimulation was observed. Monovalent cations (NH4+ and K+) had stimulatory effects similar to those of polyamines on RNase A activity towards cyclic nucleotides and polynucleotides.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
TETSUJI KAMETANI, KAZUO KIGASAWA, MINEHARU HIIRAGI, KIKUO WAKISAKA, HI ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1196-1199
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCycloaddition of the 4, 5-dihydrothieno [2, 3-c] pyridine (6) and phthalimidoacetyl chloride gave a novel tricyclic β-lactam, methyl 4, 5, 8, 8a-tetrahydro-7-oxo-8-phthalimido-7H-azeto [1, 2-a] thieno [2, 3-c] pyridine-5-carboxylate (7). On deprotection followed by acylation, this gave the 8-acylamino derivatives 9 and 10.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
RENSUKE GOTO, MICHIHIRO HISAJIMA, OSAMU TAMEMASA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1200-1206
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was undertaken to examine the temperature dependence of the kinetic parameters for the uptake and exit of D- and L-alanine in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, as one of a series of studies to account for the high in vivo uptake of radio-activity of 14C-labeled D-amino acids in various tumor cells. The Vmax values for D- and L-alanine uptake decreased with a fall in temperature. The activation energies for both isomers obtained from plots of In Vmax against 1/T suggested that these isomers were transported through a mediated process. On the other hand, Km for D-alanine uptake was only slightly dependent on temperature, whereas Km for L-alanine decreased with a fall in temperature. These temperature dependences of Km are discussed in comparison with those of Km for D- and L-leucine uptakes. Furthermore, it was observed that the exit rate of D-alanine was considerably slower than that of the L-isomer. The activation energies of the isomers obtained from plots of ln ke against 1/T (ke : the first-order rate constant for exit) suggested that free diffusion is predominant in the exit process of D-alanine, in contrast to that of the L-form. This slow exit of D-alanine may account in part for the high in vivo uptake of radioactivity of D-alanine-14C into Ehrlich tumor cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
HIROSHIGE YANO, MIYUKI YAMASAKI, YUKIKO SHIMOMURA, MASATAKE IWASAKI, M ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1207-1213
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 13C chemical shifts of 4-amino- and 4-arylamino-1, 2-naphthoquinones measured in DMSO-d6, pyridine-d5 and a D2O solution of NaOD indicated that the predominant tautomer in neutral solvents is the 1, 2-dioxo-4-amino-naphthalene (Ia) form, while that in weak basic solvents is the 1-oxo-2-hydroxy-4-imino-naphthalene (Ib) form and that in an aqueous solution of NaOH is the anion of the Ib form. The electronic spectrum of 4-anilino-1, 2-naphthoquinone measured in a mixture of EtOH and 0.05M H3SO4 (1 : 4 by volume) indicated that its tautomeric form in an aqueous strong acid solution is the Ia form and that the compound is hydrolyzed quickly to produce 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphtho-quinone. The magnitudes of substituent effects observed in the electronic spectra of 4-(4'-substituted)-anilino-1, 2-naphthoquinones measured in EtOH were found to be smaller than those measured in pyridine. This difference was considered to provide confirmation that the predominant tautomer in neutral solvents is the Ia form. The theoretical π-π* transition energies of 4-arylamino-1, 2-naphthoquinones were calculated for both the Ia and the Ib forms by means of Pariser-Parr-Pople type molecular orbital calculations.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
HARUAKI YAJIMA, JUN KANAKI, MIKIO KITAJIMA, SUSUMU FUNAKOSHI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1214-1218
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new deprotecting procedure with trifluoroacetic acid-thioanisole-m-cresol was employed for the removal of the benzyloxycarbonyl group from the N6-amino group of lysine. A wasp venom, mastoparan, was synthesized using this procedure to confirm its validity in peptide synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
AKIYO SAKUSHIMA, SUEO HISADA, YUKIO OGIHARA, SANSEI NISHIBE1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1219-1223
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new flavonol triglycosides, named manghaslin (I) and clitorin (II), were isolated from the leaves of Cerbera manghas L. (Apocynaceae). The structures of I and II were elucidated as quercetin-3-O-L-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-O-[L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)] D-glucoside (I) and kaempferol-3-O-L-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-O-[L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)] D-glucoside (II), respectively, by chemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (634K) -
KENICHIRO INOUE, HIROYUKI INOUYE, TOORU TAGA, RYOJI FUJITA, KENJI OSAK ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1224-1229
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absolute structure (1a) of catalponol, a naphthoquinone congener of Catalpa ovata (Bignoniaceae), was revised to 1 on the basis of chemical correlation with isocatalponol (2), a substance of the same group occurring in Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae). The validity of the absolute structure of 1 thus deduced, and hence those of isocatalponol (2) and catalponone (6), was verified by single crystal X-ray analysis of the p-bromobenzoate of 2-epicatalponol (9) derived from 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
TSUNEJI UMEDA, HIROKO IMANISHI, EIZO HIRAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1230-1236
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new colorimetric method for the determination of 5-methyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid (MIA) and 5-phenyl-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid (PIA) was established. This method is based on the decomposition of 5-substituted 3-isoxazolecarboxylic acids to the corresponding β-ketonitriles, followed by condensation with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DABA). The 5-carboxylic isomers caused no interference in the determination of MIA and PIA. Further applications of this method to perisoxal (II), N-[(dimethylamino) carbonyl]-5-methyl-3-isoxazolecarboxamide (III), and 3-(2-oxazolin-2-yl)-5-methylisoxazole (IV), by decomposition to the corresponding 5-substituted 3-isoxazolecarboxylic acids, followed by the color reaction with DABA, are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
SHIGERU AONUMA, YASUHIRO KOHAMA, YUTAKA KOMIYAMA, SHIGEKO FUJIMOTO1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1237-1244
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new derivative of aspirin, N-3'a-propyphenazonyl-2-acetoxybenzamide (aspirin-isopropylantipyrine, AIA) was synthesized, and its gastric ulcerogenic and biological activities were investigated together with those of related compounds. AIA (100, 200 mg/kg, p. o., i. p.) showed much less gastric ulcerogenic activity than aspirin in pylorus-ligated rats. The effect of AIA on the stomach was also weaker than those of salicylate-IA (SIA), salicyloyl leucine (SL), salicyloyl methionine (SM) and IA. AIA (200 mg/kg, p. o.) did not injure the stomachs of adjuvant arthritis rats given the drug daily for 21 days, unlike aspirin. However, AIA (100 mg/kg, i. p.) did not improve the gastric ulcerations induced by pylorus ligation, histamine, acetic acid and stress in rats. AIA showed analgetic activity (100, 200 mg/kg, s. c.) in the acetic acid method and the D'Amour-Smith method in mice, antipyretic activity (100 mg/kg, s. c.) in rats treated with E. coli, inhibitory activity (100 mg/kg, s. c.) on carrageenin edema formation in rats and inhibitory activity (200 mg/kg/day×21, p. o.) on adjuvant arthritis in rats. SL (100 mg/kg, s.c.) showed analgetic and antipyretic activities, while SIA (100 mg/kg, s. c.) showed only analgetic activity, and SM (100 mg/kg, s. c.) did not show any activity. These compounds were inactive on carrageenin edema formation, unlike AIA and aspirin. AIA (10-4g/ml) inhibited the contraction of isolated ileum preparations stimulated by histamine, anetyl-choline and barium chloride, but had no effect on anaphylactic shock of the ileum sensitized by egg albumin, AIA had no effect on increased vascular permeability in mice, rabbit blood pressure and the beating of perfused frog heart. The acute toxicity of AIA in mice was much less than that of aspirin, as shown by the LD50 values which were more than 5g/kg p.o., s.c. and 3.68 g/kg i.p. for AIA.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
YOSHIMITSU NAGAO, MICHIKO HAYASHI, EIICHI FUJITA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1245-1250
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction between acid chlorides and alcohols in the presence of the thallium (I) salt of thiazolidine-2-thione (TTT) was explored. Three possible pathways for this reaction were investigated. Conditions were established under which esterification took place rapidly and in good yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
YOSHIHARU KANEO, ATSUKO NISHIKAWA, KAZUYA FUKASAWA, YURIKO KATO1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1251-1257
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe binding of salicylic acid to human serum protein was examined in vitro and in vivo using the semi-microultrafiltration method. The binding parameters of salicylic acid to human serum determined in vitro were : n=2.14 and k=2.05×104M-1. The percentages of salicylic acid bound in vivo (96.5-97.1%) following oral administration of 9.3 mg/kg of sodium salicylate to normal subjects were in good agreement with the theoretical values estimated using the binding parameters described above. Furthermore, a good linear relationship between saliva and serum concentrations of salicylic acid was observed in the low range of serum concentration (-64.6 μg/ml). A theoretical approach, however, indicates that the saliva-serum concentration ratio of salicylate becomes markedly higher with increasing concentration in the serum. It is suggested that the serum protein binding of salicylic acid, which has a high binding affinity and a wide range of therapeutic concentration, must have significant effects on its distribution into the extra-vascular fraction, including secretion into the saliva.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
JUNICHI GOTO, KAZUHIKO SUZAKI, TOSHIO NAMBARA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1258-1264
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 3-glucuronides of unconjugated, glyco- and tauro-conjugated bile acids have been prepared by an unequivocal route. Among three synthetic routes leading to the desired compounds, a method involving glucuronidation of the p-nitrophenyl ester by means of the Koenigs-Knorr reaction and subsequent conversion of the activated ester into the glyco-and tauro-conjugates was found to be most suitable. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data for bile acid glucuronides and related compounds are tabulated.View full abstractDownload PDF (899K) -
SHIGERU TANAKA, KAZUYUKI WACHI, ATSUSUKE TERADA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1265-1269
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTreatment of 1-methyl-3-phenylhydrazonomethyl pyridinium iodides (2a-f) with a base gave pyrazole derivatives (3 and 4) with expulsion of the pyridine ring. A possible mechanism for the formation of pyrazole derivatives id discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
KEITO BOKI, SEIKI TANADA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1270-1275
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdsorption-desorption isotherms of hydrogen sulfide on activated carbon were obtained by a gravimetric method at 20°, 30°, and 40° in order to elucidate the mechanism of adsorption. Hysteresis loops of the isotherms were observed and it was confirmed that only extremely small amounts of hydrogen sulfide were chemisorbed. The Dubinin-Astakhov equation could be applied to these adsorption isotherms of hydrogen sulfide (E=2580-2748, n=2). Isosteric heats of adsorption of hydrogen sulfide on activated carbon Nos. 2 and 3 in the range of W/W0 0.07-0.6 were less than twice the value of the heat of condensation (ΔH0=4.43 kcal/mol) and that of activated carbon No. 4 was more than twice the value of the heat of condensation. It was observed that activated carbon Nos. 2-4 consisted mainly of micropores smaller in radius than 15Å. These results suggest that adsorption of hydrogen sulfide in micropores of activated carbon resulted in volume filling, that hydrogen sulfide was mainly physisorbed, and that high isosteric heat of adsorption in some cases, such as No. 4, was not attributable to chemisorption, but to the small size of the micropores.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
TAKASHI HARAYAMA, MUNEO TAKATANI, YASUO INUBUSHI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1276-1286
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn connection with the synthesis of 8-deoxyserratinine type alkaloids, the regioselective cyclization reaction of the 1, 2-cyclohexanediacetaldehyde derivative (6) by intramolecular aldol condensation was investigated. The acetal (5) was stereoselectively prepared by two routes using the Diels-Alder reaction. The first route involved the Diels-Alder reaction of the dienophile (12), obtained from 8 via 9, 10 and 11, with butadiene in the presence of 0.5 eq. AlCl3 and acetalization of the adduct (13) to give 5 in 8% yield from 8. The second route involved conversion of the adduct (15), obtained by the Diels-Alder reaction of 8 with butadiene in the presence of 0.5 eq. BF3·Et2O, into 5 [22% yield based on the consumed dienophile (8)] via 16 and 17. The dialdehyde (6) was obtained from the cis-decalone derivative (5) via 18. Cyclization of 6 using excess morpholine-camphoric acid in dry Et2O-HMPA and subsequent treatment with (EtO)2POCH2CN gave 21, which was suitable for our purpose, and 22 in a 25 : 1 ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (1076K) -
SHIGERU KOBAYASHI, YASUHIRO IMAKURA, RITSUKO HORIKAWA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1287-1293
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegioselective cleavage of the methylenedioxy ring in piperonals (1, 6, and 7) and 3, 4-methylenedioxynitrobenzenes (8 and 9) by oxide ions in dimethyl sulfoxide was achieved : the 4-hydroxybenzene derivatives (2, 10-13, and 22) were obtained with the phenoxide ion, while the 3-hydroxybenzene derivatives (4, 18-21, 23, 26, and 29) were obtained with the methoxide or benzyloxide ion.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
HIROSHI HOSODA, SHINICHI MIYAIRI, TOSHIO NAMBARA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1294-1299
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain specific antisera for use in radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay, new haptens of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone were prepared. The synthesis of the 4-hemisuccinates of 4-hydroxycortisol and 4-hydroxy-11-deoxycortisol was accomplished by employing suitably protected 21-mono-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers of the 4-hydroxysteroids as key intermediates. As another type of hapten, the 4-carboxy-methylthio derivatives of corticosteroids were prepared by base-catalyzed ring opening of the 4, 5-epoxide with mercaptoacetic acid. In addition, the preparation of related haptens is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
MASAYOSHI KUBO, TAKAO INOUE, MASAHIRO NAGAI1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1300-1303
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcerogenin B (3), C19H22O3, mp 179°, [α]23D±0°, a new diarylheptanoid of diphenyl ether type, was isolated from an acid hydrolysate of the glycoside mixture extracted from the bark of Acer nikoense MAXIM. The structure of acerogenin B (3) was established as formula 3 in Chart 1 on the basis of the spectral data and chemical correlation with acero-genin A (2). Acerogenin B (3) was considered to be a racemic compound in view of the optical inactivity of 3 and its derivatives (4 and 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
KAZUHIRO MORIMOTO, SHOJIRO KIMURA, YOSHIHIKO INAMORI, KATSUAKI MORISAK ...1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1304-1306
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sterilizing effects of gamma rays and the stabilities of enzymes to gamma radiation were studied. The sterilizing effects of gamma rays were similar in powder and liquid states of four enzymes with E. coli and Staph. aureus as contaminants. D10 values for E. coli solution and E. coli lactose powder were both 37 krad, and those for Staph. aureus solution and Staph. aureus lactose powder were 30 krad and 25 krad, respectively. The stability of enzymatic activity to gamma radiation depended on the form of the enzyme material. In solution the activity of each enzyme was reduced by a dose of 10 krad. Trypsin and kallikrein were inactivated completely by 50 krad and chymotrypsin and bromelain by 100 krad. However, in the powder state, no enzyme was found to show loss of activity at less than 500 krad. All the enzymes retained more than 90% activity after 1 Mrad irradiation, and substantial activities were retained after 5 Mrad. No difference in the stability of enzymatic activity was found between the powder state and lactose mixture. When water or ethanol was present in the lactose mixture, the stability to gamma radiation was greatly reduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
FUMIYOSHI ISHIKAWA, YOSHIFUMI WATANABE1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1307-1310
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe imidazo [2, 1-b] [1, 3]- and -[2, 4] benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives (4) and (13), and imidazo [1, 2-α] [1, 3] benzodiazepin-2-one derivative (9), of a potent blood platelet aggregation inhibitor, the imidazo [2, 1-b] quinazolin-2-one derivative (14), were synthesized as ring expansion analogs. Compound 9 showed potent activity but 4 and 13 showed poor activity and no activity, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (547K) -
SADATOSHI AKABORI, YOKO AKABORI, MASAO HASEGAWA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1311-1313
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structures of pteroside M and pterosin M isolated from the fronds of Onychium japonicum were reexamined by the NMR chemical shift reagent method. Furthermore, the stereostructure of pteroside M was established as 4-hydroxy-6-2'-hydroxyethyl-2 (R), 5, 7-trimethyl-1-indanone-2'-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of the circular dichroism Cotton effect associated with the n-π* transition of the conjugated ketones.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
TSUTAO KURECHI, KIYOMI KIKUGAWA, TETSUTA KATO1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1314-1317
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSButylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) prevented the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine from dimethylamine and nitrite in a heterogeneous emulsion system. The reaction between BHA and nitrite was shown to yield 8 compounds, including 1-hydroxy-2-t-butyl-4-methoxy-6-nitrobenzene (I) as a major product.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
HIDEAKI UMEYAMA1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1317-1319
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn ab initio molecular orbital study on the approach of a hydride ion (H-) to NAD+ as a coenzyme was performed. The nicotinamide ring (NA) of NAD+ is attacked by H- at the 4-position in an enzyme such as lactate dehydrogenase. It was found that the order of the electrophilic reactivity was 4-position > 2-position > 6-position, considering the total π electron densities and the frontier electron densities. Thus, it appears that the reactivity of the 4-position of NA of NAD+ may be due to its electronic nature rather than to steric factors involving amino acid residues of the enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
YOSHIO OKADA, SHIN IGUCHI, MASASHI MIMURA, MASAMI YAGYU1980 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1320-1323
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSN-L-Alanyl-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid (IIIa) and N-D-alanyl-1-aminoethylphos-phonic acid (IIIb) were synthesized. IIIb did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against gram-positive or gram-negative organisms, but IIIa showed antibacterial activity against some gram-negative organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K)