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Volume 31, Issue 4
Displaying 1-50 of 57 articles from this issue
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YOSHIHIRO WATANABE, MASAMI INOUE, YASUSHI ITOI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1119-1124
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe epoxidation of olefins with 28% aqueous hydrogen peroxide was investigated. A catalyst system composed of MoO2 (acac)2 and (n-Bu3Sn)2O selectively gave 72-12% yields of epoxides from olefins such as cyclohexene, styrene and 1-octene in an isopropyl alcohol solvent at 50°C for 24 h. The epoxidation rates were first order with respect to cyclohexene and zero order with respect to H2O2. An apparent activation energy of 10 kcal·mol-1 and an entropy of activation of -53 eu. were obtained. MoO2 (n-Bu3SnO)2 is proposed to be the active species for the epoxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K) -
JUJIRO NISHIJO, IKUKO YONETANI, MASAYUKI NAKAGAKI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1125-1131
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVisking cellulose tubing was dyed with various concentrations of Congo Red in order to change the charge density of the membrane. Sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations were placed in the two chambers of a cell divided by the membrane, and the membrane potential and the membrane permeability coefficient were measured at 34°C. The results obtained were analyzed on the of basis theoretical equations for membrane potential and membrane permeability coefficient derived on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. As the charge density of the membrane increased with the amount of Congo Red in the membrane (mol/cm3), Congo Red adsorbed on the membrane partly dissociates, into a cation which enters the aqueous solution and a residual anion which remains on the membrane. From measurements of the porosity of the membrane, it was concluded that bound water in the membrane was displaced by Congo Red.View full abstractDownload PDF (685K) -
TETSUROU HANDA, CHIKAKO SEHARA, MASAYUKI NAKAGAKI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1132-1140
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe partition of 3, 3'-dipropyl-2, 2'-thiadicarbocyanine, diS-C3 (5), between the i terior of bovine red cells and bulk aqucous medium was measured by using fluorescence spectroscopy. Inside the cells (concentrated hemoglobin phase), diS-C3 (5) is intensely concentrated and consequently forms the nonfluorescent dimer. Valinomycin stimulates K+ transport across the cell membrane and the resulting change in membrane potential induces an alteration of the partitioning and the dimerization of diS-C3 (5). The changes in membrane potential and permeability of the red cell membrane to K+ were quantitatively associated with this dimerizatioo. The permeability of the membrane to K+ estimated here can be correlated with the characteristic properties of bovine red cell membrane, that is, the high content of sphingomyelin and the rigidity of this membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
MUHAMMADISHAQALI KHAN, YOSHIHISA MIWA, SHUSHI MORITA, JUTARO OKADA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1141-1150
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEthylene glycol was oxidized to glycolic acid in an alkaline solution over a Pt/C catalyst, and data were collected at 40°C and ambient pressure in a liquid-full reactor. During a run, strong catalyst deactivation took place, but could be partly reversed by temporarily stopping the reaction or treating the catalyst with formalin. The catalyst activity could also be restored (though not completely) by oxidizing the deactivated catalyst with oxygen, followed by reduction with hydrogen. The deactivation of the catalyst is ascribed to the formation of some oxidized species (unknown) of platinum and/or to catalyst poisoning. The reactivation of the catalyst during the stopping period or on treatment with formalin is considered to be due to a reduction reaction between the oxidized species of Pt and ethylene glycol or formalin. The decay of catalyst activity is well described by a first-order deactivation process.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
TAKAO NISHI, FUJIO TABUSA, TATSUYOSHI TANAKA, TAKEFUMI SHIMIZU, TOSHIM ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1151-1157
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of ω-(1-substituted-5-tetrazolylalkoxy)-2-oxoquinolines was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity towards collagen-and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation of rabbit blood platelets in vitro. These compounds were prepared by the reaction of 1-substituted-5-(ω-chloroalkyl)-tetrazoles and hydroxy-2-oxoquinolines in the presence of a base. Among them, 6-[3-(1-cyclohexyl-5-tetrazolyl)propoxy]-1, 2-dihydro-2-oxoquinoline (IVb) was found to have the most potent inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
YOSHIHISA YAMADA, MINEZO OTSUKA, JUNICHI TANI, TOYONARI OINE1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1158-1165
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven main metabolites (3-9) of afloqualone (1, 6-amino-2-fluoromethyl-3-(o-tolyl)-4 (3H)-quinazolinone and related 4 (3H)-quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized. The metabolites 4 and 5 containing a sulfur atom were prepared by the reaction of 6-acetamido-2-chloromethyl-3-(o-tolyl)-4 (3H)-quinazolinone (11) with NaSCH3 followed by oxidation with H2O2. Reaction of 11 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine gave the mercapturic acid-conjugated metabolite 6. Condensation of 2-fluoroacetamido-5-nitrobenzoic acid (19) and 2-amino-benzyl alcohol (20) with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in the presence of 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole afforded 2-fluoromethyl-3-(o-hydroxymethylphenyl)-6-nitro-4 (3H)-quinazolinone (21), which was converted to the metabolites 7 and 8. Treatment of the 2-bromomethyl-4 (3H)-quinazolinone (24) with AgBF4-H2O in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) gave the 2-hydroxymethyl metabolite 9. None of the main metabolites (2-9) showed significant central nervous system depressant activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (870K) -
TOSHIKI MUTO, CHIZUKO URANO, TORU HAYASHI, TOSHIAKI MIURA, MICHIYA KIM ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1166-1171
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reactions of three kinds of substrates with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by ferric perchlorate in acetonitrile were investigated and compared with those occurring in the Fe (acac)3/alkylhydroperoxide system, which are governed by a radical process. Allylic oxidation and epoxidation both proceeded in the reaction of cholesteryl acetate, and the α-stereoselectivity of the epoxidation was enhanced by the presence of a radical scavenger. In the reactions of cis-and trans-stilbenes, stereospecific epoxidation by a non-radical process occurred, as well as a non-stereospecific reaction. The third substrate, adamantane, was shown to undergo more extensive oxygenation at its secondary carbon atoms than it did in the autoxidation and the Fe (acac)3/ROOH systems. Thus, it was concluded that the reaction in the Fe (ClO4)3/H2O2/CH3CN system involves both radical and non-radical processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
HIROYUKI KIKUCHI, YASUMASA TSUKITANI, HAJIME NAKANISHI, IWAO SHIMIZU, ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1172-1176
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour new butenolides (1a-d) were isolated from the Japanese gorgonian Euplexaura flava (Nutting). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
SHIZUKO HACHIYAMA, KAZUKO KOYANAGI, YUKIHIKO TOMIOKA, MOTOYOSHI YAMAZA ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1177-1182
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEthyl N-(3-cyano-4, 5-dihydro-2-thienyl) oxamate (Ia) reacted with ethyl or methyl cyanoacetate, α-cyanoacetamide and 1-cyanoacetylpyrrolidine in the presence of triethylamine to form the corresponding 2-[4-amino-5, 6-dihydrothieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidine] acetic acid derivatives (IIa-1-IIa-4). Similarly, ethyl N-[3-cyano-5-methyl (or 4-phenyl)-4, 5-dihydro-2-thienyl] oxamate (Ib or Ic) gave the corresponding 2-[4-amino-5, 6-dihydrothieno-[2, 3-d] pyrimidine] acetic acid derivatives (IIb-1-IIb-4 or IIc-1-IIc-4). On acidic hydrolysis, IIa-1, 2, IIb-1, 2 and IIc-1, 2 were converted to 4-amino-2-methyl-5, 6-dihydrothieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidines (IIIa-c).View full abstractDownload PDF (701K) -
TAKESHI IMANISHI, HIROAKI SHIN, NORIYUKI YAGI, AKIRA NAKAI, MIYOJI HAN ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1183-1190
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA formal synthesis of (±)-tabersonine (1) and a total synthesis of (±)-cleavamine (2) have been achieved via a common intermediate (6) derived from ethyl 1, 6-dihydro-3 (2H)-pyridinone-1-carboxylate (5a). The successful cyclization of the carboxylic acid (20) to the dioxocleavamine (4) is also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1001K) -
TAKESHI IMANISHI, KENICHI MIYASHITA, AKIRA NAKAI, MAKOTO INOUE, MIYOJI ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1191-1198
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS3-Ethyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethylpiperidine (20) was prepared via the unsaturated aldehyde (12) derivel from benzyl 1, 6-dihydro-3 (2H)-pyridinone-1-carboxylate (5b). N-Chlorination of 20 and subsequent exposure to a base afforded rel-(2S, 3R)-3-ethyl-2-hydroxypiperidine-3-acetic acid γ-lactone (3) in a good yield. According to the known method, the lactone (3) was converted into (±)-eburnamonine (1) and (±)-epieburnamonine (31). A possible pathway from 20 to 3 is also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
FUMIKO ABE, TATSUO YAMAUCHI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1199-1206
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAffinosides S-I-S-VIII were isolated from the caules and leaves of Anodendron affine DRUCE, and identified as glycosides of affinogenin C, D-I, and D-II, each having a single glycosidic linkage with D-digitalose, 6-deoxy-D-gulose, 4, 6-dideoxy-D-gulose, or D-glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
TAKUJI SAWAYA, MICHIYA KIMURA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1207-1212
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAutoxidation of cholanic acid in an aqueous acetone solution containing 0.2M acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and ferrous sulfate gave three C (12)-keto products, A, B, and C. The main product A was elucidated to be 12-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oic acid. The minor product B was probably 12, 23-dioxo-5β-cholan-24-oic acid. The other carbonyl function of the diketo minor product C was assumed to be situated in ring A or B at a position strongly affected by the angular C (19)-methyl group.View full abstractDownload PDF (687K) -
TETSUHIDE KAMIJO, RYOJI YAMAMOTO, HIROMU HARADA, KINJI IIZUKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1213-1221
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1-Protected imidazoles, such as 1-acetyl-and 1-benzoylimidazoles, react with various halides, such as benzyl, allyl, α-keto, and alkyl halides, to give 1-protected-3-substituted imidazolium salts in high yields. The resultant imidazolium salts are easily deprotected by treatment with water or alcohols to give the corresponding 1-substituted imidazoles in excellent yields. In this reaction the yields of 1-substituted imidazoles in excellent yields. In this reaction the yields of 1-substituted imidazoles vary with the kinds of halides used and/or with the protecting groups, and the yields increase in the following order : benzyl halides ≥ allyl halides∼α-keto halides < alkyl halides, and acetyl ≥ benzoyl < ethoxycarbonyl < diethoxymethyl < trimethylsilyl < tosyl.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
HIROMICHI TANAKA, SHUJI IIJIMA, AKIRA MATSUDA, HIROYUKI HAYAKAWA, TADA ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1222-1227
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS6-Alkylthiouridines and 6-alkylthiouridylic acids were synthesized from the corresponding 6-phenylthiouridine derivatives via a regiospecific nucleophilic reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
HISAO OCHI, TADASHI MIYASAKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1228-1234
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Substituted 2, 6-dihydro-3-hydroxy-7H-pyrazolo [4, 3-d] pyrimidin-7-ones bearing a methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl, m-tolyl or p-chlorophenyl group at the 2-position were synthesized by the reduction of ethyl 4-nitroso-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates and subsequent condensation of the resulting ethyl 4-amino-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates with formamide. Ethyl 4-nitroso-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates were prepared by nitrosation of ethyl 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates, which were derived from diethyl oxalacetate and monosubstituted hydrazines such as methyl-, phenyl-, p-tolyl-, m-tolyl-, and p-chlorophenylhydrazines.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
TAKESHI IMANISHI, MAKOTO INOUE, YASUAKI WADA, MIYOJI HANAOKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1235-1242
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotochemical reaction of N-substituted 1, 6-dihydro-3 (2H)-pyridinones (1) with vinyl acetate resulted in predominant formation of head-to-tail adducts with small amounts of head-to-head adducts. The head-to-tail adduct derivatives (22 and 30) were transformed into lactones (24 and 34), which were further derived to the 4-N, N-dimethyl-carbamoylmethyl-1, 6-dihydro-3 (2H)-pyridinones (2a and 2b, respectively).View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
TAKESHI IMANISHI, NORIYUKI YAGI, MIYOJI HANAOKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1243-1253
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first total and stereoselective synthesis of (±)-tecomanine (1), one of the monoterpene alkaloids, was accomplished starting from ethyl 1, 6-dihydro-3 (2H)-oxopyridine-1-carboxylate (2a). The allylic alcohol (8), obtained as a major product on treatment of 2a with methylmagnesium iodide, was subjected to the Claisen rearrangement using ethyl (1-propenyl) ether to afford the aldehyde (30) which was converted to the methyl ketone (32). The acetal (33) was stereoselectively hydrated by a hydroboration-oxidation process to give the alcohol (34) in an excellent yield. To prevent formation of the furan (38), the product (34) was initially hydrolyzed and then oxidized to afford the diketone (36). Although 36 is a mixture of two diastereoisomers due to the configuration of the side-chain methyl group, each isomer, 36a and 36b, provided solely the desired product (40) upon base-catalyzed intramolecular aldol reaction. The urethane (40) was easily converted into (±)-tecomanine (1) by LiAIH4 reduction and subsequent PCC oxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K) -
MICHIO KIMURA, AKIRA KATO, ICHIZO OKABAYASHI, NORITAKE YASUOKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1254-1259
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conformation and configuration of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-3-azabicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonan-9-one were examined by X-ray diffraction methods. The 3-azabicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonane system, like bicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonane itself, exists in the chair-chair form, in accord with other published reports on related compounds. The title compound, C15H19NO·HCl·1/2 H2O crystallizes in space group C2/c with lattice parameters a=32.263 (10), b=7.362 (1), c=12.266 (6) A, β=99.88 (3)°, and Z=8. The intensities of 2510 unique reflections were measured on a Rigaku AFC diffractometer (Cu Ka radiation) and the structure was solved by the direct methods using MULTAN78.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
KYOKO KOIZUMI, TOSHIKO UTAMURA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1260-1266
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTreatment of β-maltose with 2 molar equivalents of trityl chloride in pyridine at 100°C for 1 h afforded trityl 6, 6'-di-O-trityl-β-maltoside (1), 2, 6'-di-O-trityl-α-maltose (2), trityl 6'-O-trityl-β-maltoside (3), 6, 6'-di-O-tritylmaltose (4), and a mixture of 6-and 6'-O-tritylmaltoses (6). The ratios of 1, 2, 3, and 6 to the main product, 4 were estimated to be 6, 9, 11, and 31 : 100, respectively, by thin-layer chromatogram spectrophotometry at 260 nm. Each trityl ether was isolated by column chromatography (CC) and then acetylated individually. After acetylation, 6 was separated by CC to give 6-O-tritylmaltose heptaacetate (6A) and 6'-O-tritylmaltose heptaacetate (7A). The structures of all trityl ethers were established by means of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR analyses, optical rotation measurements, etc. The trityl ethers of maltose were compared with those of cellobiose, and the relationship between their conformations and their reactivities or chromatographic behavior is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
KEIICHI ONO, JUNKI KATSUBE1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1267-1276
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiomimetic hydroxylation using several oxo-iron systems was applied to bencyclane (I) in order to examine the correlation between the nature of the active species and the distribution of the oxidized products. Aromatic hydroxylation was found to occur predominantly in the ferrous ion-H2O2 system containing a ligand such as phenol or catechol, whereas regioselective aliphatic hydroxylation was observed in the ferrous ion-H2O2 system with detergent or cyclodextrin. The ferrous ion-H2O2 system with cyclodextrin was found to produce the bencyclane cycloheptane ring-hydroxylated metabolite (IIγ-cis) with fairly good regio-and stereoselectivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (968K) -
MASAYASU KIMURA, ISAMI WAKI, YOJI DEGUCHI, KOUJI AMEMIYA, TETSUYA MAED ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1277-1282
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of 1 (2H)-isoquinolones was prepared by reaction of 4-acylisocoumarins with ammonium carbonate or primary amines in acetic acid. These compounds, after a 15-min pretreatment, inhibited histamine release from isolated rat mast cells, and some of them were potent when tested on rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA assay 3 h after i. p. injection). The activities of these compounds were, however, lower than that of the already known 4-(4-carboxybenzoyl) isocoumarin.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
HIROSHI ITAGAKI, YOSHIMI HAKODA, YASUO SUZUKI, MAKOTO HAGA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1283-1288
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn enzyme immunoelectrode system for monitoring theophylline has been developed. The immunoelectrode was composed of an oxygen electrode and an antibody-coupled membrane. Anti-theophylline antibody was covalently immobilized on a nylon net with dimethyl sulfate, 1, 6-hexanediamine, and glutaraldehyde. The reported method for obtaining antibody-coupled membrane was modified and the binding capacity of the membrane was characterized by using [8-3H] theophylline as a tracer. The assay procedure involved the competitive immunochemical reaction of the membrane-bound antibody with catalase-labelled and nonlabelled theophylline. The amount of labelled theophylline bound specifically on the membrane was determined electrochemically from the reducing current of the oxygen generated enzymatically. Under optimum conditions, theophylline could be determined in the concentration range from 9.0 to 90 ng/ml (5×10-8 to 5×10-7M). This immunoelectrode is highly specific for theophylline, and may be applicable as a drug sensor for clinical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
YOSHIKAZU FUJITA, ITSUO MORI, SHOKO KITANO1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1289-1295
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new, simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of streptomycin (SM) using o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein (Qn. Ph.) and manganese (II) [Mn (II)] in 40% methanolic media was established. This method is based on the fact that the SM-Mn (II)-Qn. Ph. complex shows a red shift in weakly basic media as compared with the Mn (II)-Qn. Ph. complex. This method could be used to determine up to ∼25 μg/10 ml of SM ; the apparent molar absorptivity was estimated to be 2.4×105 l mol-1cm-1 at 570 nm. Guanidino compounds appear to be involved in this color reaction. Recovery of SM added to human urine was good.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
TAKAO OHYASHIKI, TETSURO MOHRI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1296-1300
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPyrene, a fluorescent hydrocarbon, is a useful, sensitive probe for the determination of the critical micelle concentration of all types of detergents, non-ionic, anionic and cationic. In addition, this reagent has proved useful in research on the micelle formation process in aqueous solution and on differences in the rearrangement of the hydrocarbon chains of surfactants during micelle formation, based on measurements of the excimer formation efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
YUKIO NAITO1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1301-1306
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments on in vivo (3H)-lysine incorporation into rat submandibular glands after isoproterenol (IPR) treatment were performed. In the IPR-treated group, incorporation of radioactivity into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble protein fraction was 42% higher than in the control group. The specific radioactivity of large mobile (LM) protein was 4.5-fold higher than that of the TCA-insoluble protein fraction. The stimulatory effect of IPR was markedly suppressed by the pretreatment of rats with actinomycin D. Actinomycin D inhibited the increase of LM protein concentration in submandibular glands by more than 90%, and markedly suppressed the incorporations of radioactivity into TCA-insoluble protein fraction and LM protein, indicating that the LM protein was not derived from other proteins, but was newly biosynthesized after IPR administration. The amount of LM protein in submandibular glands reached 27.6% of total soluble protein, and the steady-state level was achieved at the 11th day upon chronic IPR administration. The rate constant of disappearance of LM protein was estimated to be 0.23/d. The halflife and the rate constant for its biosynthesis were calculated to be 3.0 d and 410 μg·100mg gland-1·d-1, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
TOSHIO KAMEI, KAZUKO ASANO, HAJIME SUZUKI, MEIKI MATSUZAKI, SHOSHIRO N ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1307-1314
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSL-Glutamate oxidase, a novel L-glutamic acid oxidizing enzyme, has been found in the culture broth of Streptomyces violascens. The enzyme has been purified 914-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, affinity chromatography on L-glutamic acid-Sepharose 6B and L-glutamine-Sepharose 6B, hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme showed a single band on polyacryl-amide disc gel electrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 60000. The purified enzyme exhibited a characteristic flavoprotein spectrum. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of L-glutamic acid and L-glutamine without a requirement for any exogenous cofactor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
YUKIHO KUBOTA, TAKAYUKI FUNAKOSHI, RYOICHI YOKOYAMA, SHOZO SHOJI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1315-1319
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarboxypeptidases CUa and CUb were both inactivated by photooxidation in the presence of methylene blue at pH 5.5 and 8°C. The inactivation was partially prevented by a competitive inhibitor, 3-phenylpropionic acid, of the enzymes. It seemed unlikely that the enzymes underwent a change in molecular size during the photooxidation on the basis of their behavior in electrophoresis and gel filtration. When the photooxidation was carried out at various pH value ranging from 4.5 to 7.5, the rate of inactivation was found to be pH-dependent and the pH profiles conformed to theoretical titration curves with an apparent pKa value of 6.5, suggesting that an imidazole group of a histidine residue is essential for the enzymatic activity. The photooxidized enzymes had significantly decreased histidine contents, whereas the contents of other amino acids remained essentially unchanged. It was shown that one histidine residue is involved in each active site of the enzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
TAKASHI ABIKO, HIROSHI SEKINO1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1320-1329
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nonatriacontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of calf thymosin β8 was synthesized by the azide condensation of four fragments, (1-7), (8-20), (21-29) and (30-39), followed by deprotection with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of anisole-thioanisole. The synthetic nonatriacontapeptide increased almost the entire peripheral T-cell population and a suppressor T-cell subset when incubated in vitro with a lupus nephritis patient's peripheral blood, but the percentage of a helper T-cell subset did not change under these conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1287K) -
TAIJU KURAMOTO, YUKIO NOMA, TAKAHIKO HOSHITA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1330-1334
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(24R)-and (24S)-27-nor-5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 24, 26-pentols were synthesized, starting from 3α, 7α, 12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-al, by means of the Reformatsky reaction with bromoacetate and subsequent lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the resulting (24R)-and (24S)-3α, 7α, 12α, 24-tetrahydroxy-27-nor-5β-cholestan-26-oates. The configurations at C-24 of the synthetic pentols were assigned by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By direct comparison with a synthetic specimen, 5β-ranol, the major bile constituent of bullfrog, was shown to be (24R)-27-nor-5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 24, 26-pentol. The availability of the 24S-epimer of 5β-ranol enabled us to ascertain the absence of this bile alcohol in the bullfrog bile.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
HIROSHI FUJIWARA, SUSUMU KAWASHIMA, MASAKO OHHASHI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1335-1344
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe degradation of cephalexin (CEX) was inhibited by the addition of furfural or benzaldehyde at pH 6.00-8.50. This was due to the formation of adducts of CEX and the aldehydes at this pH region. In the acidic region (pH < 5.00) no such effects of the additives were observed because the adducts were not formed. At the pH region where the inhibitory effects are observed, CEX exhibits rate enhancement of the β-lactam cleavage due to intramolecular catalysis by the side-chain α-amino group. Since the formation constant of the adducts increased with increase of pH, the α-amino group seemed to be involved in the formation of the adducts, and this is presumably no longer available for intramolecular catalysis. The degradation rates of the adducts were smaller (about 1/10-1/1000) than those of CEX. The adducts were considered to be Schiff bases from the infrared (IR) spectra and the kinetic properties of products prepared by freeze-drying of alkaline solutions containing CEX and an aldehyde (furfural or benealdehyde).View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
HIROSHI KIWADA, HIROYUKI KOJIMA, YURIKO KATO1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1345-1349
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPharmacokinetic analysis of the plasma concentration after low dose administration of (α-bromoisovaleryl) urea (mono (2-bromo-3-methylbutyryl) urea) to rats was carried out by the nonlinear least-squares curve fitting method, and the differences of bioavailability between the polymorphic forms of the drug (form I and form II) were studied. The area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) showed no significant dependence on the administration method (intravenous solution, intraduodenal solution, intraduodenal form I and intraduodenal form II). It was apparent that (α-bromoisovaleryl) urea is absorbed rapidly and completely in the intestine after the intraduodenal administration of the solution or of the crystalline forms in gelatin solution, and there was no significant difference in the extents of biogvailability. On the other hand, the absorption rate constants, obtained by pharmacokinetic analysis based on an assumed kinetic model consisting effectively of one first-order absorption process, showed significant differences between solution and crystal suspension and between the two crystalline forms. Thus, the rate of absorption of (α-bromoisovaleryl) urea appears to depend on the polymorphic form or the administration method, even though these factors do not influence the extent of bioavailability.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
HITOSHI SEKIKAWA, NAOMI FUKUDA, MASAHIKO TAKADA, KYOKO OHTANI, TAKAICH ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1350-1356
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolid dispersion systems of dicumarol-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and dicumarol-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared by co-evaporation or freeze-drying of the drug-matrix mixture ammonium solution. Comparative studies were made on in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of the solid dispersion systems and dicumarol crystal powder. The dissolution rates of dicumarol were markedly increased in these solid dispersion systems in the pharmacopeial disintegration medium at pH 7.5. In vivo absorption studies were carried out in rabbits by measuring the plasma levels of dicumarol followng the oral administration of the solid dispersion systems and dicumarol crystal powder. The peak levels of the drug were observed at 4-6 h postadministration in the cases of the solid dispersion systems. On the other hand, they were observed at 2-12 h postadmini-stration in the case of dicumarol crystal powder. It appears that the modification of the dissolution characteristics of dicumarol by preparing the solid dispersion systems results in increased bioavailability of dicumarol.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
JIRO HANAMURA, KEIKO KOBAYASHI, KENJI KANO, TANEKAZU KUBOTA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1357-1361
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEquations for the simultaneous determination of acid dissociation constants (pKa) and true partition coefficients (P) of a very weak base or acid have been derived by applying the Hammett acid functions Ho and H- and by analyzing the acid function dependence of the apparent partition coefficient (Pa). The equations show that Pa-1 is linearly related to ho (ho=10-Ho) and h^<-1>(h-=10-H-) for a base and an acid, respectively. Some experimental systems for bases have been successfully measured using octanol as an organic solvent phase and suitably diluted H2SO4 solution as an aqueous phase, the Ho value being used. The results obtained were reasonably consistent with the literature values. The application of this technique makes it possible to determine log P and pKa simultaneously, the latter values being smaller than 0 for bases and larger than 14 for acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
EISUKE SATO, YOSHIYA IKEDA, YUICHI KANAOKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1362-1365
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIrradiation of 2-alkyl-4, 4-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo [4. 1. 0] heptane-3, 5-dione (3), prepared by the reaction of 2, 4-dioxo-N-alkyl-3, 3-dimethyltetrahydropyridine (1) with sulfonium ylid, gave 1-alkyl-3, 3-dimethyl-1H-azepine-2, 4 (3H, 5H)-dione (4) with a ring expansion.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
CARMENZA DUQUE, ALVARO BERNAL, ROSALBELde CORREA, MASUO MORISAKI, NOBU ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1366-1369
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sterol components of the Colombian sea urchin Echinometra lucunter were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 360 MHZ proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The sea urchin contains mainly Δ5-C27 sterols with cholesterol as the main constituent. Various Δ5-C26, -C28, and -C29 sterols were also found. This is the first report of the presence of 24§-27-nor-24-methylcholesta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol (2), (22E, 24S)-24-methylcholesta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol (6), 24-methylcholesta-5, 24-dien-3β-ol (7) and 5α-cholestan-3β-ol (13) in sea urchin.View full abstractDownload PDF (532K) -
YOSHISUKE TSUDA, NORIAKI KASHIWABA, YOICHI IITAKA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1370-1373
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle crystals of α-onoceradienedione grown in methanol are orthorhombic, a=7.897, b=26.299, c=6.281 Å, U=1304.5 Å3, De=1.117 g/cm3, Z=2 with space group P21212. The structure, solved by the use of the MULTAN program, revealed that ring A (and also ring D) of the compound has a flattened chair conformation, the dihedral angle of 4β-methyl and the carbonyl plane being 97°.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
MASUMI NISHIKAWA, YASUNOBU INABA, MITSURU FURUKAWA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1374-1377
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmination of p-toluenesulfinic acid with O-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine in dichloromethane gave p-toluenesulfonamide (4) together with mesitylenesulfonic anhydride (6). Similarly, the reactions with N-chloramines and N-chlorimines afforded the corresponding N-substituted p-toluenesulfonamides (7) and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (8).View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
YASUMITSU TAMURA, HIDETSUGU TSUBOUCHI, EMIKO DOI, MASAZUMI IKEDA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1378-1381
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS3-Amino-1-methylperimidinium mesitylenesulfonate reacted with dimethyl acetylene-dicarboxylate (DMAD) in the presence of base to give dimethyl 1-(8-methylamino-1-naphthyl) pyrazole-3, 4-dicarboxylate, whereas the reaction of the 2-methyl congener gave dimethyl 7-methyl-7H-benzo [de] pyrazolo [3, 2-b] quinazoline-8, 9-dicarboxylate as a major product. The reaction of 1-methyl-3-phenacyl-and 3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-perimidinium bromides with DMAD gave dimethyl 1-(8-methylamino-1-naphthyl)-2-benzoyl-pyrrole-3, 4-dicarboxylate and trimethyl 1-(8-methylamino-1-naphthyl) pyrrole-2, 3, 4-tricarboxylate as major products, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
MASAMI MORI, SETSUZO TEJIMA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1382-1384
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTreatment of 1, 6-anhydro-4', 6'-O-benzylidene-β-maltose (1) in dichloromethane with 1.2 eq of tosyl chloride in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate and 4% sodium hydroxide gave the corresponding 2'-O-tosylate (5) as the main product (64.2%). Compound 5 is a versatile intermediate for the chemical modification of maltose.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
YOSHIHIRO NITTA, YASUSHI ARAKAWA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1385-1388
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTreatment of ethyl acetoacetate with anhydrous p-toluenesulfonic acid at room temperature led to ethyl isodehydroacetate (1) in high yield by acid-catalyzed condensation. On the other hand, in refluxing toluene, the unexpected ethyl ester of p-toluene-sulfonic acid (2) was formed in moderate yield. This constitutes a new direct esterification of arenesulfonic acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (480K) -
ITSUO MORI, YOSHIKAZU FUJITA, SHOKO KITANO1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1389-1391
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of creatinine was established by using o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein (Qn. Ph.)-palladium (II) [Pd (II)] complex in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in weakly acidic media. This method is based on the decrease in absorbance of Qn. Ph. -Pd (II) complex at 615 nm, and could be used in the concentration range of 0.3-4 μg/10 ml of creatinine, where the Sandell sensitivity was estimated to be 0.00053 μg/cm2. Jaffe chromogens scarcely affected the determination of creatinine. Recovery of creatinine added to human urine was examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
HIROSHI TAKEI, HIROYASU OGATA, AKIRA EJIMA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1392-1394
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorometric detector was applied to the determination of propranolol and its major metabolite, naphthoxylactic acid (NLA), in human plasma following a single oral low dose (20 mg) of propra olol HCl. Propranolol and NLA were extracted successively from the sample aliquot. The carboxyl group of NLA was methylated with diazomethane in order to avaoid interference from blank plasma and a very strongly tailing peak on the HPLC chromatogram. The mean recoveries of propranolol and NLA subjected to the entire analytical protocol were better than 92%. The detection limits were 0.5 ng/ml for propranolol and 2 ng/ml for NLA. The calibration curves for propranolol HCl (20-100 ng/ml) and NLA (0.2-2 μg/ml), showed good linearity. The plasma concentrations of propranolol and NLA following a single oral administration of 20 mg of propranolol HCl to three healthy male subjects were determined by this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
FUSAO KAIHO, TAIJI NASU, YURIKO KATO1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1395-1399
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of two long-chain alcohols (stearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol) on predni-solone (PD) release in vitro from o/w type ointment bases were studied. When cetyl alcohol alone or mixtures of the two alcohols in various ratios were added to the o/w type ointment bases, the PD release rates were almost the same. On the other hand, when stearyl alcohol alone was added to the o/w type ointment base, the PD release rate was faster than those from the other ointment bases. In order to confirm the above results, measurements of viscosity, and water penetration rate into the o/w type ointment base were carried out. It was found that the release rate of PD from o/w type ointment base was inversely proportional to its viscosity, and was proportional to the water penetration rate into the base.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K) -
TAKEO KAWAGUCHI, MASAHIRO NAKANO, KAZUHIKO JUNI, SHOHEI INOUE, YASUHIK ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1400-1403
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biodegradability of poly (ethylene carbonate) and poly (propylene carbonate), synthesized from carbon dioxide and alkylene epoxides, was investigated. The biodegradation of poly (ethylene carbonate) pellets in the peritoneal cavity in rats was observable 2 d after implantation and was nearly completed within 2 weeks. The degradation of poly-(propylene carbonate) pellets was not measurable after 2 months. The degradation rate of the pellets made of mixtures of the two types of polycarbonates decreased with increase in poly (propylene carbonate) content. No retardation in body weight gain was observed in polycarbonate-implanted rats. No visible undesirable reaction was observed at the implanted sites.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
KENJI MATSUYAMA, SHIGEYUKI TAKENAKA, ATSUKO NODA, SADAO IGUCHI1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1404-1407
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of temperature on the fate of aminopyrine (AM) by using five male rabbits kept at 15 or 30°C. The rabbits kept at 15°C showed an increase in elimination of plasma AM compared with those at 30°C. The total urinary excretion of AM and its metabolites at 15°C was smaller than that at 30°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
MASAYUKI KIMURA, TAKASHI NISHIO, JUN SATOH, MASAHARU UENO, ISAMU HORIK ...1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1408-1410
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adsorption of diazepam dissolved in distilled water, 5% dextrose solution, normal saline, Ringer's solution and lactate Ringer's solution on porous glasses with controlled surface area was investigated. The adsorption phenomena principally obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The reciprocal plots of the amount of adsorption vs. concentration of diazepam suggested that the maximum amounts of diazepam adsorbed onto the glass surfaces were the same from four of the solutions, excluding the dextrose solution, but the adsorption strengths differed considerably. The decrease of the adsorption strength of diazepam in lactated Ringer's solution, Ringer's solution and normal saline compared with that in distilled water could be ascribed to the decrease of the activity coefficient of diazepam in these solvents.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
KENICHI SUDO, HARUO TACHIZAWA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1411-1414
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe binding of timiperone to human plasma protein and human serum albumin in vitro was studied by using four different analytical procedures. After addition of timiperone to the plasma at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/ml, more than 95% of timiperone was bound to the plasma protein. The finding that the binding ratio of the drug to human serum albumin was approximately 80% suggested that most of the timiperone in the plasma was bound to human albumin. More than 98% of protein-bound timiperone was extracted with trichloroacetic acid and 80% methanol solution. Thus, it was demonstrated that almost all the binding of the drug to human plasma protein is reversible.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
MASAKATSU OHTAWA, MASAYA SEKO, FUMIO TAKAYAMA1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1415-1418
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of aluminum ingestion on the lipid peroxidation in rat brain, lung, liver, spleen and kidney was examined. Aluminum hydroxide, 100 mg/kg body weight, was administered orally once a day for 7 d, and the amount of lipid peroxide (TBA value) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured 24 h after the last administration. Lipid peroxide was increased in the brain, to 142% of the control. TBA values in the lung, liver, spleen and kidney were similar to those in the control group. Pretreatment of rat brain, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney homogenates with aluminum chloride in an ice-bath increased the TBA value in the brain significantly compared with that of the control. Examination of variation in SOD activity showed that the activity in the brain was decreased, while that in the kidney was increased, compared with those of the control. Activities of SOD in the lung, liver, and spleen were similar to those of the control. These results suggest that an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in activity of SOD in the brain after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide constitute one of the factors for the mechanism of brain injury by aluminum.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Koreharu Ogata, Shinzo Tanabe, Toshio Imanari1983 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 1419-1421
Published: April 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA system is described which permits the simple and rapid determinations of traces of metals in less than 200 μl of sample solution by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry coupled with solvent extraction/flow injection analysis (FAAS-Ex/FIA). In its application to zinc, the sampling rate was 60 samples/h and the detection limit was 10 ppb (2 ng, zinc).View full abstractDownload PDF (324K)