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Volume 36, Issue 12
Displaying 1-50 of 60 articles from this issue
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MASAMI TANAKA, YUTAKA ASAHI, SEIZO MASUDA, TADATOSHI OTA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4645-4651
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction between drugs and water-soluble polymers was studied by an equilibrium dialysis method.Drugs used were warfarin (WF) and 4-hydroxycoumarin (HC).Polymers used were polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylamide (PAA), acrylamide-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (CAV), dextran (DX) and bovine serum albumin (BSA).No interaction of the drugs with PAA or DX was cbserved.The bindings of drugs with PVP and CAV were predominantly attributed to hydrophobic interaction, and the polymers had a large number of binding sites (n).BSA exhibited a specific hydrophobic interaction with the drugs at two binding sites. The standard increase of enthalpy (ΔH°) was estimated to be 16-20kJ/mol from the temperature dependence of the binding constant.Phenylbutazone (PB) competed with WF for the binding to BSA, CAV and PVP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1051K) -
Yogi UMEZAWA, HIDEAKI UMEYAMA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4652-4658
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have succeeded in developing a computer program (SCROIL) for screening the hydrophobic core residues from the three-dimensional structure of a protein and visualizing the hydrophobic core residues by computer graphics. Minimal spanning trees are described in connection with the side chains of the hydrophobic core residues in these displays.View full abstractDownload PDF (3663K) -
HARUKI TAKAI, HIROYUKI OBASE, MASAYUKI TERANISHI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4659-4670
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cyclization reaction of 4-(2-carbamoylaminopheny1)-1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives (9) and a4-(2-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl)-1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydropyridine derivative (4) with halogen was investigated.Treatment of the former (9) with bromine or N-chlorosuccinirriide (NCS) under acidic conditions gave the corresponding 3'-halogeno-2-amino-spiro [4H-3, 1-benzoxazine-4, 4'-piperidine] derivatives (11) and with iodine under basic conditions gave5, 6-dihydro-3-iodospiro [pyridine-4 (1H), 4'(3'H)-quinazolin]-2'(1'H)-one derivatives (14), which were converted to spiro [piperidine-4, 4'(3'H)-quinazolin]-2'(1'H)-one derivatives (15and17).Treatment of the latter (4) with bromine under acidic conditions gave3'-bromo-spiro [4H-3, 1-benzoxazine-4, 4'-piperidin]- 2 (1H)-one derivatives (5and6).View full abstractDownload PDF (1540K) -
HARUKI TAKAI, HIROYUKI OBASE, MASAYUKI TERANISHI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4671-4677
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the cyclization reaction of 4-hydroxy-4-[2-(N/-substituted carbamoyl) aminophenyl] piperidine derivatives (3) by treatment with acid, 2-amino-spiro [4H/-3, 1-benzoxazine-4, 4′-piperidine] derivatives (4) were obtained.One of the products, 2-methylamino-spiro [4H/-3, 1-benzoxazine-4, 4′-piperidine] (4g), was converted to 1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-2-methylamino-spiro [4H/-3, 1-benzoxazine-4, 4′-piperidine] derivatives (12), which are our target compounds for pharmacological screening tests on antihypertensive activity. However, these compounds did not show any remarkable antihypertensive activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (976K) -
SHINGO SATO, KIMIO FURUHATA, HARUO OGURA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4678-4688
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBenzoylation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) gave a variety of partially benzoylated bicyclic 1, 7-lactone derivatives and a perbenzoylated bicyclic 1, 4-lactone derivative in good yields. The structures of these compounds were elucidated mainly by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Further, pivaloylation and ethoxycarbonylation of Neu5Ac also gave the corresponding acylated bicyclic lactone derivatives.These results allowed us to postulate a mechanism for the formation of bicyclic lactone derivatives in the acylation of Neu5Ac. Furthermore, treatment of Neu5Ac with diazomethane in an acidic methanol solution gave methyl a-D-neuraminoside methyl ester and a monocyclic 2-O-methyl-y-lactone derivative in 18% and 29% yields, respectively.These results provided information about the equilibrium of Neu5Ac in basic and acidic media.View full abstractDownload PDF (1376K) -
ANGELO C. PINTO, ANIBAL L. PEREIRA, ALPHONSE KELECOM, LUCIA M. PORRECA ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4689-4692
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxidation with tert-butyl chromate of a methylene group adjacent to a double bond or aromatic ring has been effected in excellent yield with the majority of a selected group of diterpenes and triterpenes.Some of the factors influencing the course of the reaction are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
KOH-ICHI SEKI, KAZUE OHKURA, KOHKI MATSUDA, MASANAO TERASHIMA, YUICHI ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4693-4699
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotoreaction of 2-fluoropyridine with indoles gave 1-(2-pyridyl) indoles regioselectively.The yields of the coupling products were improved significantly by using the indole anion derivatives.A reaction mechanism involving charge-transfer excitation is proposed for the latter, while the former reaction was concluded to be caused by local excitations.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
KO KANEKO, TAKAO KATSUHARA, YUKIE KITAMURA, MAKOTO NISHIZAWA, YUH-PAN ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4700-4705
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree new steroidal alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria delavayi FRANCH.The structures of delafrinone (1), delafrine (2) and the third alkaloid were deduced to be (22R, 25S)-3β, 16β-dihydroxy-5α-cevanin-6-one, (22S, 25R)-5α-cevanine-3β, 6β, 16β-triol and (22R, 25S)-solanid-5-enine-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (3), respectively, on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
JYOJI KURITA, NAOKI KAKUSAWA, TAKASHI TSUCHIYA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4706-4710
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of the 1H-1, 3-diazepines (8a-c) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) gave the 3a, 7a-dihydropyrrolo [3, 2-b] pyridines (9), probably via the 1, 5-diazonine intermediates 11 derived from the initially formed [2+2]π cycloadducts 10.Similarly, the 1H-1, 2-diazepines (152-c), upon treatment with DMAD, produced the 3a, 7a-dihydroindazoles (20), presumably via the [2+2]π cycloadducts 18 and the 1, 2-diazonines 19 successively, but the dihydroindazoles (20) further reacted with the reagent to give the dimethyl phthalates (16) and the pyrazoles (17) as the final products via the [4+2]π cycloadducts 21.These results are the first examples of the reaction of fully unsaturated seven-membered heterocyclic rings with acetylenes.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
YASUO OHTSUKA, TAKESHI OISHI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4711-4721
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bicyclo [5.3.1] undecanone 5 corresponding to the A and B rings in taxane diterpenes was synthesized from β-ionone.Reduction of the tosylhydrazone 11 with catecholborane afforded the trisubstituted olefin 12 having trans substituents at the C-1 and C-7 positions.The requisite cis-arrangement of these substituents for eight-membered ring formation was induced by epimerization of the aldehyde 13 to give the bicyclic hemiacetal 14.The lithium diisopropylamide-promoted intramolecular cyclization of the twelve-membered lactam sulfoxide 32 proceeded quite smoothly, affording the eight-membered keto sulfoxide 33 in quantitative yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (1859K) -
YASUO OHTSUKA, TAKESHI OISHI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4722-4736
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo types of tetramethylbicyclo [5.3.1] undec-8-enes 2 and 3 were synthesized from oc-ionone as a model for taxane synthesis.Introduction of the requisite cis-arrangement of substituents at the C-1 and C-7 positions was carried out by catalytic hydrogenation of the α, β-unsaturated ketone 12. Treatment of the hydroxy ester 27 and 16 with diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine led to regioselective dehydration giving 33 and 43, respectively.Intramolecular cyclization of 41 and 49 with lithium diisopropylamide followed by reductive desulfurization with Na-Hg produced the eight-membered ring ketones 2 and 3, respectively, in good yields.View full abstractDownload PDF (2776K) -
KOH-ICHI SEKI, KOHKI MATSUDA, YUKO BANDO, KAZUE OHKURA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4737-4748
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotolysis of5-bromo-1, 3-dimethyluracil (5-BDMU) in substituted benzenes afforded the corresponding 5-aryl derivatives together with the unexpected 6-isomers as an isomeric mixture. The 6-isomers were found to be derived from the protonated 5-BDMU, presumably via the interaction between LUMO5-BDMU (in the excited triplet state) and LUMOaryl (in the ground state).View full abstractDownload PDF (1648K) -
Photoaddition of Olefins to 2-Thiouracil and 2-Thioquinazolin-2, 4-(1H, 3H)-dioneEISUKE SATO, YOSHIYA IKEDA, MASATO HASEBE, TAMAMI NISHIO, TOYOKO MIURA ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4749-4754
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotolyses of 2-thiouracil (1) in the presence of olefins afforded 2-substituted products and cyclobutane products, showing dual reaction sites of the thione and the C=C bond. Photolyses of 2-thioquinazolin-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione (6) in the presence of olefins gave 2-substituted products.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
A New Method for Preparation of N-(C-Aminoalkylthiomethylene) benzenesulfonamideTSUNEO IWAKAWA, HIROTO TAMURA, TOMOHIRO SATO, YOSHIO HAYASE1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4755-4759
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of benzenesulfonyl isocyanate is reported which canserve as a new, general method for the preparation of N-(C-amino-alkylthiomethylene) benzenesulfonamide. Benzenesulfonyl isocyanates underwent a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with dithiocarbamates, which were obtained by treating amines with carbon disulfide and potassiumcarbonate, to give N-(C-amino-alkylthiomethylene) benzenesulfonamides in good yields.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
ABDEL-NASSER EL-SHORBAGI, SHIN-ICHIRO SAKAI, MAHMOUD A. EL-GENDY, NABI ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4760-4768
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of [2-[p-(un) substituted phenyl] imidazo [2, 1-b] benzothiazol-3-yl] acetic acid derivativeswas prepared.The 2-[p-(un) substituted phenyl]imidazo [2, 1-b] benzothiazoles (2a-e) were firstconverted to the corresponding 3-(dimethylaminomethyl) Mannich bases (3a-e), which in turnwere converted to the methiodide salts (4a-d) and thence to the desired products (7a-e), (see Chart 1).
Some of the acetic acid derivatives (7a, c, d) were tested for analgesic and antiinflammatoryactivities by means of carrageenin-induced paw edema, streching induced by acetic acid andcapillary permeability inhibition assays.View full abstractDownload PDF (1004K) -
HIDEAKI KAWAI, MASANORI KUROYANAGI, KAORU UMEHARA, AKIRA UENO, MOTOYOS ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4769-4775
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica THUNB.(Caprifoliaceae), twelve triterpenoidalsaponins having oleanolic acid and hederagenin as aglycones, were isolated.The stnuctures of fournew saponins, 6, 9, 11 and 12, were established to be 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-[β-Dglucopyramosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, 3-O-[α-L-rahmnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyramosyl hederagenin, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyramosyl (1→2)-α-L-arabinopyramosyl]-28-O-[β-D-glucopyramosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oieanolic acid and 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoyl]-28-O-[6-acetyl-β-D-giucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] hederagenin, respectively, by means of carbon-13 nuclear magneticresonance spectroscopy and chemical evidence.The present studies revealed that the saponin compositionsof the materials collected at different places were significantly different from each other.
Among these sapomins, monodesmosides showed strong hemolytic activity, but bisdesmosidesshowed weak hemolytic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of NaBr Complexes of Monensylamino AcidsJINSAKU SAKAKIBARA, AKITO NAKAMURA, SHIN-ICHI NAGAI, TAISEI UEDA, TOSH ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4776-4784
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCondensation of the polyether antibiotic monensin (1) with amino acid benzyl esters followedby debenzylation gave monensylamino acids (3a-g), which were subsequently converted to thecorresponding NaBr complexes (4a-g).An X-ray crystallographic study on 4e clarified that theconformation of 4e differs from that of the NaBr complex of monensin (5) in that an intramolecularhydrogen bond is present between O (3) oxygen and O (11) hydroxy proton.This finding isconsistent with the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals of the methoxy carbons of 4a-gwhich appear downfield relative to those of 3a-g.Compounds 3a-g showed no anticoccidialactivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1077K) -
CHUZO IWATA, YASUNORI MORITANI, KENJI SUGIYAMA, HITOSHI IZAKI, TOSHIO ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4785-4793
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo enantiomers of 1, 6-dioxaspiro [4.5] decane (1) and all four stereoisomers of 2-methyl-1, 6-dioxaspiro [4.5] decane (an insect pheromone)(9) were successfully synthesized via a crucial step, an asymmetric five-membered ring cyclization induced by a sulfinyl chirality.
The alcohol (6), prepared from the optically active sulfoxide (2), was treated with potassium hydride to give the spiroketal (7), which was transformed into the isomer (8) by acid. Reductive desulfurization of these products furnished R-1 and S-1, respectively.
The ketone (10), also prepared from 2, was reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) or DIBAL-ZnCl2 to afford selectively 15a or 15b, respectively. Base-catalyzedicyclization gave 21a and 21b, which were convertible to 22a and 22b under acidic conditions. The four isomers (21a, 21b, 22a, and 22b) were efficiently transformed into 9a, 9b, 9c, and 9d by removal of the chiral auxiliary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1219K) -
YOSHIO OKADA, YUKO TSUDA, NAOKI TENO, YOKO NAGAMATSU, UTAKO OKAMOTO1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4794-4801
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuc-Tyr-Leu-Phe-pNA is a good substrate for human leukocyte cathepsin G and χ-chymotrypsin but not for human leukocyte elastase (HLE). However, Suc-Tyr-D-Leu-D-Phe-pNA inhibited not only cathepsin G and χ-chymotrypsin but also HLE (Ki values, 1.1, 0.94 and 0.16mM, respectively). The p-nitroanilide (pNA) moiety of Suc-Tyr-Leu-Phe-pNA and Suc-Tyr-D-Leu-D-Phe-pNA was substituted with p-benzoylaniline (BZA), p-acetylaniline (ACA), 4-benzylpiperidine (BPP) and 4-methylpiperidine (Pipe). The relationship between the structure and inhibitory effect on HLE, cathepsin G and χ-chymotrypsin was studied. Suc-Tyr-Leu-Phe-BZA inhibited HLE, cathepsin G and χ-chymotrypsin with Ki values of 0.027, 0.1 and 0.01mM, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1304K) -
YOSHINORI FUJIMOTO, TADASHI EGUCHI, KATSUMI KAKINUMA, NOBUO IKEKAWA, M ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4802-4806
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSquamocin, a new trihydroxy-bis-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid γ-lactone (acetogenin), has been isolated from Annona squamosa L.(Annonaceae) and its structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence and chemical degradations.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
MITSUNOBU NAKAMURA, KIMIO FURUHATA, HARUO OGURA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4807-4813
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acid (KDN) was synthesized by basecatalyzed condensation in good yield. Furthermore, benzyl (methyl 3-deoxy-D-glycero-a-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid) onate and sodium 2-(5-cholesten-3β-yloxy)-3-deoxy-D-eycero-α-and β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonate were synthesized under Koenigs-Knorr-like reaction conditions, using benzyl (4, 5, 7, 8, 9-penta-O-acety1-3-deoxy-D-glycero-β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl bromid)-onate as a glycosyl donor. The structure and the stereochemistry of glycosylation products were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectral analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (978K) -
HIDEKO KAWAKI, FUMIKA MASUDA, YOSHIO SASAKI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4814-4820
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe values of substituent entropy constant δS of sym-disubstituted benzene derivatives have been determined by inter-or extrapolation of the linear relation between five observed values and those of monosubstituted benzene derivatives.
Analysis of the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) by means of δS thus estimated, together with the additional descriptor μ2/α, is shown to be more effective than approaches hitherto used for the evaluation of actinidin-catalyzed hydrolysis of substituted phenyl hippurates, and the reaction between thiamine and substituted aniline derivatives with thiaminase.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
HIDEKO KAWAKI, YOSHIO SASAKI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4821-4824
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe shape index nκ(n=1, 2, 3) proposed by Kier, as one of the topological indices, as well as the branching index (B. I.) and molecular connectivity χ, have been used as effective descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analyses. These three descriptors are nonenergetic and belong to the category of the entropy of information, but not that of thermodynamics.
They are linearly related with S°298 (g), rather than δS°, indicating the contributions of both dispersion and repulsive forces.
The results of regression analyses of the binding of substituted phenyl glycosides to concanavalin A using the novel QSAR descriptors δS° and μ2/α suggest that they are superior to κ.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
HIROSHI OHTAKA, KENJI YOSHIDA, KENJI SUZUKI, KOICHI SHIMOHARA, SHIGERU ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4825-4833
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of ester derivatives of1-benzy1-4-piperazineacetic acid was synthesized and evaluated as antiulcer agents. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analyses by using the ALS (adaptive least-squares) method were performed in each step to decrease the synthetic efforts. The QSAR for the esters is much the same as that for the previously examined amide derivatives. The antiulcer activity of these compounds was considered to be based on the cytoprotective activity. The most active and the least toxic compounds, 5n and 5y, were selected for further study.View full abstractDownload PDF (1129K) -
KENJI SUZUKI, HIROKI FUJITA, YUSUKE SASAKI, MIKI SHIRATORI, SHINOBU SA ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4834-4840
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-one analogs based on the structure Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-X (X=OH, alkyl ester, alkylamide or amino acid having a different carbon chain) were synthesized by the solution method and their analgesic activities were tested after subcutaneous (s. c.) administration in mice. Most tripeptide alkylamides showed no analgesia at a dose of 10 mg/kg, s. c. However, some tripeptide alkylamides having the hydroxyl group on the alkyl moiety showed greater activity than morphine. Introduction of the carboxyl group on the alkyl moiety also led to tetrapeptide analogs with potent analgesia, e. g., the compound with X=β-alanine is 33 times more potent than morphine on a molar basis. These results suggest that proper carbon chain lengths and the presence of an oxygen atom at the fourth position are important for high analgesic activity in the series of D-Arg2-dermorphin analogs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1027K) -
HIROKO SHIMOMURA, YUTAKA SASHIDA, YOSHIHIRO MIMAKI, YASUE KUDO, KATSUH ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4841-4848
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fresh bulbs of the genus Lilium have yielded new phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides, epiregaloside A (6b), epi-regaloside C (7b) and epi-regaloside F (10b), as mixtures with the corresponding (2S)-regalosides (6a, 7a and 10a), and regaloside G (11). Compounds 6b and 7b have been obtained from Lilium pardarinum, and 6b, 10b and 11 from L. auratum. The spectroscopic data and chemical evidence have allowed us to assign the structures of 6b, 7b, 10b and 11 as (2R)-1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, (2R)-1-O-caffeoy1-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, (2R)-1-O-feruloy1-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol and (2S)-1-O-feruloyl-2-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, respectively. In addition, jatropham and its glucoside have been detected in the fresh bulbs of L. medeoloides. Several previously reported compounds have also been obtained and identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1299K) -
TOSHIMITSU HAYASHI, KUMIKO UCHIDA, KYOKO HAYASHI, SEIHACHIRO NIWAYAMA, ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4849-4851
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS5, 7-Dihydroxy-3', 4', 6, 8-tetramethoxyflavone (hymenoxin) was isolated from the whole plants of Scoparia dulcis L.(Scrophulariaceae) and found to be cytotoxic to cultured human cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
SHOICHIRO TAGAMI, TATSURO WAKATA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4852-4857
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple kinetic method for chymotrypsin assay is described.The method is based upon the hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosinamide as a substrate, resulting in the production of ammonia. The initial rate of ammonia evolution is selectively measured potentiometrically with an ammonia gassensing electrode (Horiba ammonia gas-sensing electrode 5002A-06T). Optimal conditions for the assay are specified. The initial rate of ammonia evolution is proportional to the enzyme activity, and a working range of 0.08 to 0.32 U/ml chymotrypsin was obtained. The recovery of chymotrypsin was 99.2-102.5%. In order to study the applicability of the method, recovery experiments were performed by use of an ophthalmic chymotrypsin preparation.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
HIROMI HAGIWARA, HISAYOSHI FURUHASHI, KAZUYASU NAKAYA, YASUHARU NAKAMU ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4858-4864
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubculture of bovine endothelial cells with 33 μm vitamin D3 or 25-(OH)-D3 for 48 h caused marked morphological change. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity of the morphologically changed cells was decreased to approximately one-third and plasminogen activator (PA) activity released from them increased approximately 12-fold as compared to the control cells. Fibrin autography revealed both urokinase-type (53kDa) and tissue-type (80kDa) PAs in the culture medium of the cells treated with vitamin D3 Neither 1, 25-(OH) 2-D3 nor 24, 25-(OH) 2-D3 had any effect on PA activity released from the cells, while ACE activity of the cells was decreased by the treatment with these dihydroxylated vitamins. Provitamin D3 or cholesterol had no effect on PA or ACE activities of endothelial cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (4493K) -
HIROSHI HAMADA, MIYUKI YAMASHITA, NOBUHIRO KASHIGE, MISAO KOJIMA, TAMO ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4865-4870
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of methanol on the frequency of cytoplasmic respiration-deficient (RD) mutation induced by ethidium bromide was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When growing cells were treated with ethidium bromide at concentrations higher than 1.0μg/ml, 95 to 100% of surviving cells were RD mutants as judged by the tetrazolium overlay method. The RD mutants induced by 1.0μg/ml ethidium bromide were drastically decreased by addition of 6-8% methanol in both growing and non-growing conditions. Methanol reduced uptake of ethidium bromide by yeast cells, but it did not modify the inhibitory effect of ethidium bromide on in vitro yeast mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
IWAO SUZUKI, HIDEKI TANAKA, YOSHIYUKI ADACHI, TOSHIRO YADOMAE1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4871-4875
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid method for measurement of phagocytosis by macrophages was investigated by the use of fluorescein-conjugated zymosan (Fl-zymosan) particles.Adherent peritoneal cells obtained from mice were used as macrophages. The fluorescence intensity of Fl-zymosan measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer was proportional to the number of particles. Fl-zymosan particles were incubated with macrophages in a flat-bottomed 96-well tissue culture plate at 37°C in a CO2-incubator. After the removal of nonphagocytized particles, the fluorescence intensity of particles phagocytized by macrophages was measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer (microplate reader). In the time course assay, the fluorescence intensity reached a maximum20min after the initiation of incubation, and thereafter maintained a constant level till1h in both normal and OK-432-injected groups. It was shown that the fluorescence intensity was dependent on the numbers of macrophages and Fl-zymosan particles in both normal and OK-432-injected groups when different numbers of particles (1×106, 5×106or1×107) were added to cultures each containing different numbers of macrophages (1×105, 2×105 or 4×105). The macrophages obtained from mice which were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Propionibacterium acnes or proteose peptone as well as OK-432 showed higher phagocytic activity. Furthermore, it was also shown that the phagocytic activity measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer agreed with that measured with a fluorescence microscope. The Fl-zymosan particles were applicable to the phagocytosis assay of opsonized particles.
These results indicate that the method described here is useful for determination of macrophage phagocytic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
HARUO SEKIZAKI, RYOZO YOKOSAWA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4876-4880
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrunetin (2) and its derivatives were synthesized in order to study the relationship between structure and attracting activity to Aphanomyces euteiches zoospore. All of the derivatives (1, 2, 4 and 6), which had a hydroxyl group at the C-5 position in the isoflavone, showed attracting activity, but the methyl ether derivatives (3, 5, 7 and 8) do not have or have very weak attracting activity. The isoflavones (1, 2 and 4) with strong attracting activity also had estrogenic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (841K) -
SATOSHI ONODERA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4881-4890
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA proteodermatan sulfate (PDS) was extracted from fresh calf skin with 3 M MgCl2 in the presence of protease inhibitors and purified repeatedly by dimethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. The average molecular weights were estimated to be 112000 for PDS and 56000 for core protein from chondroitinase ABC-treated PDS in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Unsaturated disaccharide of the glycosaminoglycan side chain (molecular weight=20000) of PDS was found to be mainly composed (96.8%) of ΔDi-4S [2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose] as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Affinity-purified rat antibody against the core protein of PDS reacted specifically with PDS, but there was no cross-reaction with extracellular molecules such as Al-Di proteoglycan from cartilage, fibronectin, laminin, and types I, II, III and IV collagens. Furthermore, high specificity of the antibody to PDS was also observed by immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of anti-core protein antibody in tissues generally appeared along with interstitial collagen (types I, II and III). However, the fine reticular fiber composed of types I and III collagens in liver was not stained.
On the basis of these findings and of biochemical characterization of PDS, it is postulated that PDS possibly contributes to promotion of collagen fibrillogenesis and deposition in the extracellular matrix in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (5530K) -
MASAFUMI KAMADA, KAZUMASA AOKI, MASAHIKO IKEKITA, KAZUYUKI KIZUKI, HIR ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4891-4899
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProkallikrein was activated into a-kallikrein (single polypeptide chain) by the action of trypsin and further converted to β-kallikrein (two polypeptide chains) as indicated by the following observations;
1) When prokallikrein was activated with trypsin, rapid generation of kallikrein activity was observed followed by a slow decrease in the kallikrein activity during prolonged incubation. The same phenomenon of the slow decrease in the activity of a-kallikrein separately isolated was also observed on trypsin treatment.
2) From the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE), the kallikrein which was rapidly generated from prokallikrein by the action of trypsin was α-kallikrein. And the kallikrein obtained from α-kallikrein by further treatment with trypsin was β-kallikrein.
3) The N-terminal amino acid of α-kallikrein was isoleucine. In the case of β-kallikrein, two amino acids, isoleucine and alanine, were detected as N-terminal amino acids.
Conversion of a-kallikrein to β-kallikrein by the action of trypsin caused a decrease of Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (Bz-Arg-OEt) hydrolyzing activity and changes of the kinetic constants for the hydrolysis of Bz-Arg-OEt. The kinetic constants of this β-kallikrein were distinctly different from those of the β-kallikrein obtained from autolyzed pancreas.View full abstractDownload PDF (5354K) -
KAZUO SAKAI, JUN NAKAJIMA, MORIO NIIMURA, YASUHIRO YAMANE1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4900-4907
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pretreatment of the cells with cobaltous acetate, potassium dichromate or zinc chloride was found to increase reverse mutations induced by 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and binding of 1-NP to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The increase of binding of 1-NP to DNA by metal compounds may contribute to the increased mutagenicity. Under the experimental conditions, the pretreatment of the cells with cadmium acetate, nickelous acetate or chromium (III) nitrate did not increase revertant colonies induced by 1-NP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
MAKIKO FUJII, KATSUHIRO HARADA, KEIKO YAMANOBE, MITSUO MATSUMOTO1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4908-4913
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to improve the dissolution behavior of phenytoin (PHT), a poorly watersoluble drug, with phosphatidylcholine (PC) solid dispersion (SD). The powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that PHT was present in an amorphous state in SD when the molar fraction of PHT was under 0.33. Infrared spectra suggested a weak interaction, probably hydrogen bonding, between PC and PHT in SD. The solubility of PHT was 30μg/ml in both pH1.2 and 6.8 test solutions. The PHT concentration increased temporarily to 36μg/ml in both pH 1.2 and 6.8 test solutions with SD in which the molar fraction of PHT was 0.25 (SD (0.25)). This is only 1.2 times the PHT solubility, but the dissolution rate in pH 1.2 test solution was significantly improved: the PHT concentration reached 24μg/ml in the first 5min, whereas it was 6μg/ml in the case of PHT crystals. The dissolution rate was slightly higher even with physical mixture (PM) because of improved wettability.
After oral administration of SD (0.25) to rabbits, plasma concentrations up to 8h were significantly higher than those in the cases of PM (0.25) and PHT crystals, but there was no significant difference in the area under the plasma concentration curve. PM (0.25) did not show improved bioavailability. These results were consistent with the results of the dissolution test at pH1.2. PM gave an increased plasma concentration of PHT if PC was used in a large excess over PHT (PM (0.10)), it was considered that PC functioned as an oil in this case.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K) -
MAKOTO OTSUKA, NOBUYOSHI KANENIWA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4914-4920
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dehydration of theophylline monohydrate in powder and tablet forms was studied by using an infrared water-content measuring instrument. Intact theophylline powder was recrystallized from distilled water, and ground powder was obtained by grinding in a ceramic mortar with a pestle. The samples were dehydrated as follows. The intact and ground powders were placed on a plate 8cm in diameter. A powder bed was formed on a plate 3cm in diameter as a model of a loosely packed tablet, and a tablet 2.0cm in diameter was obtained by compression at 1.0t/cm2. Dehydration kinetic mechanisms of various dosage forms of theophylline monohydrate were clarified by using various kinds of solid-state kinetic models. The dehydrations of intact and ground powders followed two-dimensional growth of nuclei and three-dimensional growth of nuclei equations, and the activation energies (Ea) were 20.1 and 23.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The dehydrations of powder bed and tablet followed two-dimensional phase boundary and threedimensional phase boundary equations, and the Ea values were 15.4 and 11.5 kcal/mol, respectively. It seems that the dehydration of intact powder starts randomly at each particle and proceeds two dimensionally, but that of ground crystals proceeds three-dimensionally from the cracks in particles. In the case of the powder bed the dehydration proceeds two-dimensionally from the surface particles of the powder bed into the inner particles. The dehydration of a tablet proceeds three-dimensionally from the outside of the tablet into its inside.View full abstractDownload PDF (2927K) -
SATOSHI MIZUNO, JUN WATANABE, KIKUO IWAMOTO, SHOJI OZEKI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4921-4926
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe difference in saliva/plasma concentration ratio (S/P ratio) of urea between mandibular and parotid glands in dogs was investigated in detail by a technique of retrograde ductal injection of HgCl2. In every dog, four kinds of saliva [untreated (control) mandibular and parotid saliva, HgCl2-treated mandibular and parotid saliva] were collected under pilocarpine stimulation of salivation. The following results were obtained.(1) It was verified in this study that S/P ratios of urea and Na+ were significantly increased in HgCl2-treated mandibular saliva.(2) S/P ratios of urea and Na+ in HgCl2-treated parotid saliva were also significantly higher than those in untreated saliva. These results suggested that parotid salivary urea is also reabsorbed in the striated duct of dogs.(3) In untreated glands, the mean Cpr/CM ratio of urea (the ratio of urea concentration in parotid saliva to that in mandibular saliva) was about 1.65. This ratio tended to decrease toward unity in the HgCl2-treated gland. Therefore, it was suggested that the striated duct might play an important role in the gland-specific difference of S/P ratios of urea between the salivary glands of dog.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
YOSHINOBU FUKUMORI, YUMIKO YAMAOKA, HIDEKI ICHIKAWA, YOSHIKAZU TAKEUCH ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4927-4932
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe softening temperature (Ts) of films of commercially available and newly developed acrylic copolymers for aqueous coating was measured by thermomechanical analysis. The results are discussed in relation to the film-formation of their latices in the Wurster process.
Methacrylic acid (MA)-ethyl acrylate (EA)(1: 1) copolymer dispersion (Eudragit L30D-55) containing 10% triacetin exhibited excellent film-forming ability in coating at a temperature (31°C) far lower than its Ts (91°C). The product exhibited no stickiness during drying at 60°C. The dissolution properties were little changed by heating at 60°C.
On the other hand, the copolymer dispersion consisting of hydrophobic acrylic esters and minor quaternary ammonium esters (Eudragit RS30D, Ts=83°C) did not form a film under the same coating conditions in spite of its Ts being lowered to 49°C by the addition of 10% triacetin. The product was sticky during drying at 60°C. The copolymer consisting of only hydrophobic esters (Eudragit E3OD) had a good film-forming ability due to its low Ts (18°C), but the product was too sticky to be discrete particles even at room temperature.
These results suggested that hydrophilic residues such as carboxyl and hydroxyl contribute to film-formation of the latices.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
NOBUO AOYAGI, NAHOKO KANIWA, YASUSHI TAKEDA, MITSURU UCHIYAMA, FUMITOM ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4933-4940
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReleases of indomethacin from commercial witepsol suppositories were investigated by JP XI paddle, Muranishi and dialysis tubing methods. The drug was scarcely released from most of the suppositories by the paddle method at 37°C although it was released at 39°C. The release behaviors of suppositories differed greatly between the Muranishi and dialysis tubing methods. The melting points of suppositories correlated significantly with the release rates by the dialysis tubing method but not with those by the Muranishi method. The release rates by the Muranishi method were jelayed by increasing the fluid volume in the cylindrical cell and the releases by the dialysis tubing method were inhibited by adding aqueous medium into the tubing. The bioavailabilities from two and three of the products were estimated in rabbits and pigs, respectively, and the results correlated well with the release rates determined by the dialysis tubing method but poorly with those by the Muranishi method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1134K) -
AKIHIKO HASEGAWA, MASAHIRO TAGUCHI, RIE SUZUKI, TATSUHIKO MIYATA, HIRO ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4941-4950
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crystallization behavior of drugs from supersaturated solutions containing carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC) was investigated to clarify the mechanism of supersaturation phenomena from solid dispersions with enteric coating agents in JP XI 2nd fluid (pH 6.8). Nifedipine, griseofulvin and spironolactone were used as drugs. The rate of crystallization of all drugs was remarkably inhibited by the presence of CMEC.It was found that the inhibition was not due to solubilization of the drugs by CMEC.
The crystallization kinetics from supersaturated solutions suggested that the process of crystal growth itself was directly inhibited. Physical properties of the crystallized mass were also investigated in the case of nifedipine. It was thought that the inhibitory effect of CMEC on the drug crystallization was due to the adsorption of CM EC at the solid-water interface at the stage in which a hydrophobic drug crystal surface was formed, and further drug molecules could not deposit easily on the crystal surface for the following reasons;(1) formation of a step or kink, which is necessary for the crystal growth, was inhibited by polymer adsorption, and (2) molecular diffusion to the crystal surface was inhibited by the adsorbed polymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (2280K) -
SUMIE YOSHIOKA, KAZUO IWAKI, YUZURU HAYASHI, YUKIO ASO, YASUSHI TAKEDA ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4951-4957
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSData analysis software for gel permeation chromatography coupled with low-angle laser lightscattering photometry (GPC-LALLS) was developed which was especially suitable for kinetic studies of polymer degradation, where the molecular weight of the polymer decreases with time. The GPC-LALLS system developed was applied to a kinetic study on enzymatic degradation of poly-L-glutamic acid.The molecular weight distribution (MWD) could be quickly and easily followed as a function of time by this system.A difference in the MWD time course was clearly shown for the degradations induced by a-chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase B.The MWD time courses observed in the two cases were interpreted by computer simulation and the degradation mechanism was discussed.This system was found to provide valuable data on the degradation mechanism, and to be useful for evaluation of the degradability of biodegradable polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
MASAKI OTAGIRI, RYUJI YAMAMICHI, TERUKO IMAI, YORISHIGE IMAMURA, AKIRA ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4958-4962
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction of dicumarol with aracid glycoprotein (α, -AGP) was studied by circular dichroism measurements. A single site having a binding constant of 2.9 x 105 N4-1 was capable of inducing optical activity in dicumarol. The induced ellipticity of the dicumarol-α, -AGP complex was decreased by raising the pH from 6.0 to 9.0, reflecting the changes in the molecular species of the drug and the microenvironmental changes in 7, -AGP.T he displacement of dicumarol from 2, -AGP by fatty acids and neutral salts suggested a hydrophobic force to be involved in the binding. Interestingly, dicumarol was displaced by acidic drugs that bind to the binding site on human serum albumin called site I, or the warfarin site, whereas site II acidic drugs did not displace any dicumarol. Simple attempts to correlate displacement of dicumarol by p-aminobenzoates with the molecular size of a series of p-aminobenzoates suggested that the drug binding site is a hydrophobic cleft about 20 Å in depth.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
KIYOMI KIKUGAWA, TETSUTA KATO, TAKUYA TAKAHASHI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4963-4970
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the radical species generated by interaction of linoleic hydroperoxide (LOOH) with methemoglobin (MetHb) on the mutagenicity of 3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-aminofluorene to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was investigated. Treatment of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 with LOOH alone gave rise to mutagenicity in the absence of S-9 mix but the extent was very low. Mutagenicity of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 in the presence of S-9 mix was decreased by LOOH. Mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene in the presence of S-9 mix was increased by LOOH, probably owing to the conversion of its active metabolite into more active form (s). Treatment of Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2 and 2-aminofluorene with the radical species generated from LOOH/MetHb effectively decreased the level of the mutagens. The mutagenicity of the LOOH/MetHb-treated mutagens in the presence of S-9 mix was similarly retarded.The radical species effectively destroyed the mutagens by transforming them into non active form (s) that could not be activated by S-9 mix.View full abstractDownload PDF (1046K) -
YOSHIO UENO, YOSHIKATSU TANAKA, KATSUYUKI HORIE, KIYOCHIKA TOKUYASU1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4971-4975
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing highly purified sodium hyaluronate from rooster comb, we studied the relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight obtained by the low-angle laser light scattering technique.The equation of the relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is [η]=3.9×10-4×M 0.77 w. Gel permeation chromatography of the hyaluronate preparations was also performed.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
KATSUKO ANAZAWA, KIMIO FURUHATA, HARUO OGURA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4976-4979
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSelective protection of the C-4, C-8, and C-9 hydroxy groups of methyl (methyl 5-acetamido-3, 5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-nonulopyranosid) onate followed by acetylation of the C-7 hy-droxy group gave a 7-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
TOSHIKAZU NOZOYE, YOSHIHISA SHIBANUMA, TATSUYA NAKAI, YUMI HATORI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4980-4985
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTosylates (2b, c) of 3-alkyl-2-hydroxytryptophol gave 3-alkyl-2-alkoxyindolenines (3a-f) on treatment with 5%KOH-ROH (R=Me, iso-Pr), as expected. The N-methyl derivatives (6a-c) gave 3-alkyl-3-(2-alkoxyethyl) oxindoles (7a-d) except for 6a, which afforded the 3-spirocyclopro-pane (10), and gave 3-alkyl-3-vinyloxindoles (8a, b) with 5%KOH-H3CN. The hydrolysis of 3b was examined in the range of HCl concentration of 10-1-10-5 M in 90%EtOH by using ultraviolet spectroscopy.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
KATSUHIRO SAITO, YOICHI HORIE, KENSUKE TAKAHASHI1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4986-4988
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhile furans and oxazoles give [4+2]-type cycloaddition products in the reactions with 3, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloro-1, 2-benzoquinone, 1-methyl-, 1-phenyl-, and 1-dimethylaminopyrrole and 1-methylindole afforded keto-enol-type substitution products under the same reaction conditions. The reaction of pyrroles proceeds via nucleophilic attack of the pyrroles on the n-quinoid ring.The difference in the reaction of pyrroles from that of the other heterocycles is considered to be attributable to the degree of aromaticity of these compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
LILI Guol, Susumu FUNAKOSHI, NOBUTAKA FUJII, HARUAKI YAJIMA1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4989-4992
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA36-residue peptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken antral peptide was synthesized by the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase synthesis, for which a new amide precursor reagent, 3-(α-Fmoc-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-4-methoxyphenylpropionic acid, was employed in combination with thioanisole-mediated trimethylsilyl bromide deprotection. A homogeneous standard sample prepared by the solution-phase method was used to check the effectiveness of the purification step.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
YOSHIO HAYASHI, SHINICHI KATAKURA, MOTOYOSHI NOMIZU, AKIRA TASHIRO, SH ...1988 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 4993-4999
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight fragment peptides of 25 residues each and one 26-residue fragment, covering the entire 226 amino acid sequence of human hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg, subtype ayw), were synthesized by the solid-phase method and partially purified by gel-filtration.In addition, two fragment peptides (26-and 29-residue peptides) which cover the 55 amino acid sequence encoded in the pre-S2 gene were also synthesized and partially purified.These partially purified peptides were submitted to immunological screening.In the in vitro enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), a 26-residue pre-S2 gene peptide (positions 1-26) exhibited relatively high reactivity against anti-HBsAg antisera.In the in vivo assay, three fragment peptides (positions 51-75, 101-125, and pre-S2 1-26), with relatively high hydrophilicity were shown to be immunogenic in rabbit without coupling to a carrier protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K)